Balance of individuals at different age involved in physical activity – review of publications

Balance is what we call the ability to control the center of gravity over the support plane in a given environment (also defined as the ability to maintain a vertical position of the body without the help of another person and the ability of regaining  balance during and after motion). Not only is inner ear responsible for mandating balance but also proprioceptors, cerebellum,  properly functioning nervous system and well-trained movement organs or efficient effector.  Postural control also is also affected by genetic conditions and primitive reactive strategies. Included to them are ankle strategy, that is restoring the center of gravity only by movements of the hocks, the hip strategy which is restoring the center of gravity by violent hip movements and step-by-step strategy in which making a step is required to restore the center of gravity. The balance system is quite complex. Damage to even on of the element of this system causes postural instability. In the case of disturbance of balance system , it can be indirectly influenced by nervous system through feedback, priming motion and motor control learning. Improved balance can be achieved with equivalent training. The aim of the study was to analyze different authors’ research on athlete balance. Five selected research articles on athletes have been analyzed. The authors have demonstrated a high level of effectiveness in balance training in the process of developing and improving the sense of balance. Individuals who have been in the past or are physically active now retain a better body balance

Physiotherapy of women after mastectomy

Physiotherapy of patients after mastectomy is a complex process. It includes not only physical exercises, but also other physiotherapy treatments, such as hydrotherapy, physical therapy, massage, kinesiotaping and psychological therapy. The best results brings the the early introduction of rehabilitation to the patients, before the procedure, when they learn how to properly perform exercises, and improve the performance of the muscle pump and prevent blockages by circulatory and respiratory exercises, which are the basis of kinesiotherapy

Aqua Fitness as one of the methods of prevention of hip osteoarthritis

Aqua fitness training is one of the most effective methods for improving physical health and reducing pain in orthopedic patients. This training due to the extensive number of modules can be used at any age regardless of gender. Aquafitness due to the environment in which it takes place gives great effects in the treatment of osteoarthritis, especially in combination with other physiotherapeutic treatments and kinesitherapy

The role of physical activity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes – editorial article

Balcerska Kamila, Bielejewska Marta, Ciecierska Dominika, Wojtczak Paweł, Gąsior Paulina, Wrzesiński Bartłomiej. The role of physical activity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes – editorial article. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):1584-1591 eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1438125 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6095 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/879780 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2018. Revised: 18.08.2018. Accepted: 15.09.2018. The role of physical activity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes – editorial article Kamila Balcerska, Marta Bielejewska1, Dominika Ciecierska2, Paweł Wojtczak2, Paulina Gąsior1, Bartłomiej Wrzesiński3 1Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus in Torun, Poland 2Interdisciplinary Research Club of Geriatrics at the Clinical Geriatry clinic of University Hospital No.1 in Bydgoszcz, Poland 3Scientific Circle at the Department of Ergonomics and Physiology of Physical Effort, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus in Torun, Poland [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-5219-720X [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-3692-4315 [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0001-9420-9451 [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0003-0683-7007 [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0001-7176-0080 [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-4731-5371 Abstract Type 2 diabetes belongs to the group of civilization diseases of the 21st century. In Poland, over 3 million people suffer from diabetes, including 1 million being undiagnosed. In the initial stage, this disease does not hinder functioning in everyday life, often people get to know about being affected by this disease during other diagnostic tests related to another illness. As diabetes develops, there may be numerous complications, including: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, peripheral artery disease. Untreated type 2 diabetes can lead to death, so it is very important to start treatment quickly. The aim of therapy is to balance carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, achieve optimal blood pressure, proper body weight, and prevent complications. This can be achieved by combining a properly selected diet, physical activity and pharmacotherapy. [1,2

A Recursive Approach to Solving Parity Games in Quasipolynomial Time

Zielonka's classic recursive algorithm for solving parity games is perhaps the simplest among the many existing parity game algorithms. However, its complexity is exponential, while currently the state-of-the-art algorithms have quasipolynomial complexity. Here, we present a modification of Zielonka's classic algorithm that brings its complexity down to $n^{O\left(\log\left(1+\frac{d}{\log n}\right)\right)}$, for parity games of size $n$ with $d$ priorities, in line with previous quasipolynomial-time solutions.</jats:p

Does physical activity affect the pain and mobility of the lumbosacral spine in pregnant women? - case-control study

Background: Daily physical training is safe and brings many benefits to pregnant woman. When there are no contraindications, regular exercise of gymnastics has a positive effect on the overall physical fitness, well-being of the woman. In addition it reduces the symptoms of typical pregnancy. Material and methods: The study involved pregnant women who were in the second or third trimester during the study. The study group consisted of 45 healthy pregnant women (n=45). During the research, range of motion and the shape of the curvature of the lumbar spine using the CMS10 Zebris device was performed. Additionally, the author’s questionnaire was also used, which allowed to gather important information about the practiced physical activity in the pregnancy of the surveyed women and check the knowledge about physical activity during pregnancy. The questionnaire was also used to gather basic information such as age, weight, height or education. Results: In the examined group of pregnant women the mean flexion of the lumbar spine to the front was 54.5⁰, to the back 16⁰, to the left 23⁰ and to the right 24.5⁰. The average spine turn to the left is 16.5⁰ and to the right 15.5⁰. 100% of the surveyed women, responded that physical activity during pregnancy is recommended, 82.22% of them are active during pregnancy. The most common physical activities are walking, next is swimming and special exercises for pregnant women and yoga. The fewest group were the women exercising Pilates. 31.11% of women exercise three times a week, 37.78% - twice a week, 22.22% - one a week and 6.67% less than one a week. 64.44% of women feel good thanks to practiced physical activity, 31.11% of women say that exercises improve their wellbeing. Conclusions: Regular physical activity has a positive impact on the wellbeing of women which participated in the research. Women’s knowledge about physical activity during pregnancy is quite high although it does not always translate to real world performed exercises. The study did not show the impact of physical activity on the mobility of the lumbar spine, but the study should be continued at a larger study group

Physiotherapeutic treatment after break and reconstruction of ACL

Injuries of the knee joint are amongst the most common diseases that affect the human body. It is estimated that they affect about 15-30% of all body injuries. Beside the lateral ligaments the most the structure exposed for the any kind of damage is ACL. Concerning the cruciate ligaments, as much as 90% of the injuries are related to ACL [52]. Most often the damage to this structure occurs when practicing sports, both contact (for example basketball, football, martial arts) and non-contact like skiing

Results of Fullerton Test in older people. Group comparison due to the Nordic Walking and long walks undertaking

Introduction: Standardly, high level of physical activity is prescribed to the older patients. However, it is worth to examine if every kind of physical activity give the same amount of health benefits, or is it dependent on its modality.Aim: The purpose of above studies is to measure the differences in Fullerton subtests results in group who does vs in group who does not undertake regular long walks (LW) and Nordic Walking (NW).Material and methods: Subtests of Fullerton tests were used to examine the physical performance of patients. Physical activity questionnaire was used to distinguish groups of patients who do vs do not engage in long walks and Nordic Walking regularly.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in Fullerton scores due to NW-engagement. In contrary, group engaged in LW walked 42.41 meters more in 6-minute walk tests than group who do not undertake such activity. Moreover, Upper Right and Left Limbs Strength tests and its mean scores were better in LW-group by 4.23, 4.6 and 4.09 repetitions, respectively.Conclusions: There was no statistically significant differences in results of Fullerton subtests between group of NW-engaged older people comparing to group who do not undertake NW. Group of participants engaged in long walks had better scores aerobic capacity and upper limbs strength tests

Case report of a patient with acute renal failure and cardiovascular disease after 65 years of age

Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome with high mortality. It is a clinical syndrome consisting in rapid impairment of kidney function. The result is retention of metabolic products in the body and the inability to maintain normal water-electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis. Chronic heart failure is a significant clinical, economic and social problem, and despite the continuous development of medicine, the incidence of this disease is still increasing. A weakened inefficient heart is not able to supply the organs with the right amount of blood, oxygen and nutrients. The effect is fast fatigue, weakness of muscle strength and dizziness. Kidney and cardiovascular diseases affect each other and increase their course, which worsens the patient's condition. Periodic monitoring of renal function in patients with cardiovascular disease is very important because it has been proven that the occurrence of kidney disease in these patients increases the risk of death. Case report. Patient, 78 years old, hospitalized many times in the Geriatrics Clinic, Cardiology Clinic, Nephrology Clinic due to shortness of breath, chronic myocardial insufficiency, edema of the lower limbs. The degree of independence is limited, the patient walks with assistance, lives with a family / significant other. Main ailments of the patient: increasing swelling of the lower limbs, left foot pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, effortlessness and rest dyspnea without stenocardial complaints. Comorbidities: Type 2 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (with unspecified complications), obesity, generalized atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic NYHA type II heart failure. Cardiac defect in the form of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction. The patient was qualified for hemodialysis treatment, then returned to conservative treatment, followed a strict diet. The applied treatment improved the general condition of the patient and was discharged from the hospital in a stable general condition. Results. Frequent and regular examination of a patient's condition with cardiac-renal syndrome, disease progression and ability to tolerate treatment can be helpful in treating and prolonging the patient's life. It is important to monitor kidney function in people with cardiovascular disease

The key role of physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a commonly occurring condition that affects, mainly elderly people. Bone loss may be caused many factors, such as menopausal period, slender body structure, inappropriate diet, or genetic determinants. The systematic and properly performed physical activity is of a significant importance in the prevention and control of the disease symptoms. Beneficial results are obtained by implementation of exercises of the following types: strength, endurance, stretching and mixed efforts. Performing physical activity accurately results in lowering of the risk of early osteoporosis and reduces the intensity of bone degeneration processes by inhibiting and stimulating appropriate mechanisms within the bone tissue