79 research outputs found
Effects of Prediction Feedback in Multi-Route Intelligent Traffic Systems
We first study the influence of an efficient feedback strategy named
prediction feedback strategy (PFS) based on a multi-route scenario in which
dynamic information can be generated and displayed on the board to guide road
users to make a choice. In this scenario, our model incorporates the effects of
adaptability into the cellular automaton models of traffic flow. Simulation
results adopting this optimal information feedback strategy have demonstrated
high efficiency in controlling spatial distribution of traffic patterns
compared with the other three information feedback strategies, i.e., vehicle
number and flux. At the end of this paper, we also discuss in what situation
PFS will become invalid in multi-route systems.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, Physica A (2010),
doi:10.1016/j.physa.2010.02.03
Prediction feedback in intelligent traffic systems
The optimal information feedback has a significant effect on many
socioeconomic systems like stock market and traffic systems aiming to make full
use of resources. In this paper, we studied dynamics of traffic flow with
real-time information provided and the influence of a feedback strategy named
prediction feedback strategy is introduced, based on a two-route scenario in
which dynamic information can be generated and displayed on the board to guide
road users to make a choice. Our model incorporates the effects of adaptability
into the cellular automaton models of traffic flow and simulation results
adopting this optimal information feedback strategy have demonstrated high
efficiency in controlling spatial distribution of traffic patterns compared
with the other three information feedback strategies, i.e., vehicle number and
flux.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figure
Modeling Multi-Lane Traffic Flow with Queuing Effects
On the basis of assumptions about the behavior of driver-vehicle units
concerning acceleration, deceleration, overtaking, and lane-changing maneuvers,
a gas-kinetic traffic model for uni-directional multi-lane freeways is
constructed. Queuing effects are explicitly taken into account in an overall
manner. The resulting model is a generalization of Paveri-Fontana's
Boltzmann-like traffic model and allows the derivation of macroscopic traffic
equations for interacting lanes, including velocity equations. The related
effective macroscopic traffic model for the total freeway cross-section is also
derived. It provides corrections with respect to previous traffic models, but
agrees with them in special cases.Comment: For related work see
http://www.theo2.physik.uni-stuttgart.de/helbing.htm
Macroscopic Dynamics of Multi-Lane Traffic
We present a macroscopic model of mixed multi-lane freeway traffic that can
be easily calibrated to empirical traffic data, as is shown for Dutch highway
data. The model is derived from a gas-kinetic level of description, including
effects of vehicular space requirements and velocity correlations between
successive vehicles. We also give a derivation of the lane-changing rates. The
resulting dynamic velocity equations contain non-local and anisotropic
interaction terms which allow a robust and efficient numerical simulation of
multi-lane traffic. As demonstrated by various examples, this facilitates the
investigation of synchronization patterns among lanes and effects of on-ramps,
off-ramps, lane closures, or accidents.Comment: For related work see
http://www.theo2.physik.uni-stuttgart.de/helbing.htm
Derivation and Empirical Validation of a Refined Traffic Flow Model
The gas-kinetic foundation of fluid-dynamic traffic equations suggested in
previous papers [Physica A 219, 375 and 391 (1995)] is further refined by
applying the theory of dense gases and granular materials to the Boltzmann-like
traffic model by Paveri-Fontana. It is shown that, despite the
phenomenologically similar behavior of ordinary and granular fluids, the
relations for these cannot directly be transferred to vehicular traffic. The
dissipative and anisotropic interactions of vehicles as well as their
velocity-dependent space requirements lead to a considerably different
structure of the macroscopic traffic equations, also in comparison with the
previously suggested traffic flow models. As a consequence, the instability
mechanisms of emergent density waves are different. Crucial assumptions are
validated by empirical traffic data and essential results are illustrated by
figures.Comment: For related work see
http://www.theo2.physik.uni-stuttgart.de/helbing.htm
Derivation, Properties, and Simulation of a Gas-Kinetic-Based, Non-Local Traffic Model
We derive macroscopic traffic equations from specific gas-kinetic equations,
dropping some of the assumptions and approximations made in previous papers.
The resulting partial differential equations for the vehicle density and
average velocity contain a non-local interaction term which is very favorable
for a fast and robust numerical integration, so that several thousand freeway
kilometers can be simulated in real-time. The model parameters can be easily
calibrated by means of empirical data. They are directly related to the
quantities characterizing individual driver-vehicle behavior, and their optimal
values have the expected order of magnitude. Therefore, they allow to
investigate the influences of varying street and weather conditions or freeway
control measures. Simulation results for realistic model parameters are in good
agreement with the diverse non-linear dynamical phenomena observed in freeway
traffic.Comment: For related work see
http://www.theo2.physik.uni-stuttgart.de/helbing.html and
http://www.theo2.physik.uni-stuttgart.de/treiber.htm
Maxwell Model of Traffic Flows
We investigate traffic flows using the kinetic Boltzmann equations with a
Maxwell collision integral. This approach allows analytical determination of
the transient behavior and the size distributions. The relaxation of the car
and cluster velocity distributions towards steady state is characterized by a
wide range of velocity dependent relaxation scales, , with
the ratio of the passing and the collision rates. Furthermore, these
relaxation time scales decrease with the velocity, with the smallest scale
corresponding to the decay of the overall density. The steady state cluster
size distribution follows an unusual scaling form . This distribution is primarily algebraic, , for , and is exponential otherwise.Comment: revtex, 10 page
Modeling and Simulation of Multi-Lane Traffic Flow
A most important aspect in the field of traffic modeling is the simulation of
bottleneck situations. For their realistic description a macroscopic multi-lane
model for uni-directional freeways including acceleration, deceleration,
velocity fluctuations, overtaking and lane-changing maneuvers is systematically
deduced from a gas-kinetic (Boltzmann-like) approach. The resulting equations
contain corrections with respect to previous models. For efficient computer
simulations, a reduced model delineating the coarse-grained temporal behavior
is derived and applied to bottleneck situations.Comment: For related work see
http://www.theo2.physik.uni-stuttgart.de/helbing.htm
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