Consumer Demand for Wine and Beer in the Czech Republic, and Their Mutual Influences

The paper analyses consumer demand for wine and beer in the Czech Republic in the period of 1991–2013. The objective of this research was to evaluate the elasticity of consumption of wine and beer in reaction to a change of prices and further to a change in the level of a household income. Based on the dynamic models of the gross demand for wine and beer there were determined the coefficients of direct and cross price elasticity, and income elasticity coefficients. In accordance with the identified sizes, respectively, after evaluating their statistical significance, there was carried out the economic analysis of observed demand functions. Analysis of demand functions has shown that the consumptions of wine and beer by the Czech households were not linked on a statistically significant level, in the examined period. Dynamic model of the gross demand for wine showed a statistically insignificant sensitivity of wine consumption to a change of the household income. Wine consumption of Czech households was significantly formed only by its price. Dynamic model of the gross demand for beer has shown that beer consumption by the Czech households responded significantly only to change in household income. Whereas in the case of wine, there was identified an influence of previous consumption on the current one, this was not confirmed in the case of beer

Standard of Living in the European Union

This chapter focuses on the measurement of standard of living and on the factors influencing its level. Specific attention is paid to the indicators of standard of living, and the frequent employment of GDP is discussed and compared with possible alternatives. Household income is also a factor of central importance in determining standard of living, and the chapter assesses this factor in terms of household income distribution, the setting of poverty limits, the measurement of income disparity and the causes and effects of poverty. The situation is monitored in five selected EU countries: the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Spain and the United Kingdom

Standard of Living in the European Union

This chapter focuses on the measurement of standard of living and on the factors influencing its level. Specific attention is paid to the indicators of standard of living, and the frequent employment of GDP is discussed and compared with possible alternatives. Household income is also a factor of central importance in determining standard of living, and the chapter assesses this factor in terms of household income distribution, the setting of poverty limits, the measurement of income disparity and the causes and effects of poverty. The situation is monitored in five selected EU countries: the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Spain and the United Kingdom

PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY OF BOTTLED QUALITY WHITE WINE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

This paper is focused on the supply of the Czech producers of bottled quality white wine. Namely, a dependence of their sales of this wine category on the market price of bottled quality white wine was examined. Monthly data from the CZSO and SZIF database, years 2004–2012, were used for the price-supply analysis. Price-supply reactions of the Czech wine producers were investigated through two-stage cointegration method developed by Engle and Granger. Short-term and long-term price elasticity of studied market supply was based on the error correction model designed and statistically verified by the authors

PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY OF BOTTLED QUALITY WHITE WINE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

This paper is focused on the supply of the Czech producers of bottled quality white wine. Namely, a dependence of their sales of this wine category on the market price of bottled quality white wine was examined. Monthly data from the CZSO and SZIF database, years 2004–2012, were used for the price-supply analysis. Price-supply reactions of the Czech wine producers were investigated through two-stage cointegration method developed by Engle and Granger. Short-term and long-term price elasticity of studied market supply was based on the error correction model designed and statistically verified by the authors

The "Normatives" Controlling Approach in SMEs in Bavaria

This paper analyzes the effectiveness and efficiency of the normatives' controlling against the operational and strategic controlling. The general focus in studies and focus of the controlling experts is mostly on the operational controlling. For the analysis of the normatives' controlling in Bavarian SMEs a primary research data set is used. The survey was aimed on Bavarian SME's in the machine building sector. We employ regression models for the assessment of significance of the influencing factors, which are causing the negation of the normatives' controlling. We use monthly hours worked in the normatives' controlling, percentage acceptance of the normatives' controlling, used normatives' controlling instruments and the number of employees working in the controlling department as the influencing factors. The empirical evidence shows significant results affecting Bavarian SME's - Acceptance (monthly capacity of the head of controlling department) was identified as a significant variable on a statistically significant level with the estimated coefficient of 0.217 in relation to the Hours (monthly hours of work capacity) of normatives' controlling departments, and Instruments (number of instruments used) were proved to significantly influence the Employees (number of employees in controlling department) with the coefficient of 2.099. With the growing importance of the ability of an organization to publicly demonstrate its success in reaching objectives and specifically in its societal impacts, the importance of setting normatives and their control will project into higher demands on the work capacity of the controlling departments

Identification of suitable parameters of research in the Czech Republic e-commerce environment

The aim of this paper is to formulate recommendations for successful conduction of a questionnaire survey in field of the Czech e-commerce based on in-depth interviews performed with representatives of ten companies. The paper concludes that a questionnaire survey with estimated response rate of 15-30 % is feasible under certain conditions and outlines a specific procedure of how to achieve that. The key of successful conduction of a survey was identified to be winning the trust of respondents (e.g. auspices of a professional association in the field) and appropriate way of addressing respondents (via the professional network LinkedIn, email and phone). Due to unpopularity of questionnaires, personal interviews seem to lead to a higher response rate. Offering the final results of intended research can be an appropriate motivational element for respondents. Based on the previous research, the paper also identifies optimal time of invitation of respondents for participation in a survey (between 16:01 and 20:00 on Fridays). Appropriate formulation of questions and answer options is also important, as well as anonymousness of gathered data

The relationship between entrepreneural orientation, entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneurial leadership, and firm performance: a proposed model

This study develops a conceptual model and propositions for researchers to explore the direct and indirect relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneurial leadership and firm performance. Authors searched various databases including ProQuest, EBSCOhost databases, Scopus for peer reviewed Journals, books, and other relevant publications on the subject. A conceptual review provides direction for researchers to empirically examine the direct relationships between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), entrepreneurial competencies (EC), and firm performance and the mediating effect of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) in the relationship between EO, EC, and firm performance. We suggest the use of entrepreneurial orientation scale (EOS), The entrecomp framework (2016), Renko et al., 2015 entrepreneurial leadership styles scale (ENTRELEAD), and Santos & Brito (2012) subjective measurement model for firm performance for measurement of the constructs of EO, EC, EL and performance. For researchers and academics, the model provides a basis for further research by testing empirically the validity of the model. Testing of this model could provide a better understanding of the EO, EC constructs that better predicts strategic and financial performance