Promoting fire-adapted communities : the importance of social diversity in the wildland urban interface

2 pagesFire-adapted communities are those that can effectively reduce risk to private property through community actions while allowing wildfire to play a regenerative role in the local ecosystem. However, little is known about what fire-adapted communities look like or how different kinds of communities can achieve this goal. This research advances knowledge about community fire adaptation while also recognizing that social and biophysical context varies among communities.This research was supported by funding from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture, Grant #2011-67023-30695

A PERCEPÇÃO DOS GESTORES SOBRE A GERAÇÃO DE INDICADORES DA PERFORMANCE PELO SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÕES GERENCIAIS, SOB A ABORDAGEM CONTINGENCIAL: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO COMUNITÁRIA DE ENSINO SUPERIOR

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar como os gestores percebem a geração dos indicadores de mensuração de performance pelo sistema de informações gerencial considerando a abordagem contingencial em uma instituição de ensino superior. Foram abordados variáveis que descreveram o contexto corporativo: tamanho, descentralização, dinamismo, posição e participação no mercado e ainda, complementados por cinco variáveis que descrevem a percepção dos gestores sobre o SIG: tecnologia, participação, acompanhamento, integração da estratégia e sistema e ênfase na utilização. Para tanto utilizou-se da pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa e entrevista. Ao analisar as variáveis do contexto corporativo, o tamanho (universidade) e dinamismo do mercado estão diretamente relacionados ao uso do SIG e dos indicadores de mensuração de performance gerados por ele. Existe pouca descentralização na organização estudada, no entanto quanto à variável participação no mercado, a instituição opera em um mercado, com concorrentes expressivos, mas está bem posicionada no mercado. No que se refere a percepção dos gestores sobre a geração de indicadores de mensuração de performance pelo sistema de informações gerenciais na organização, foi constatado que os entrevistados valorizavam o processo de discussão e definição de metas, e considera

INFLUÊNCIA DOS FATORES CONTINGENCIAIS NA UNIDADE DE CONTROLADORIA DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR COMUNITÁRIA

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar como os fatores contingenciais influenciam na estrutura da controladoria de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior comunitária no Estado do RS, por meio de pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, com aplicação de questionários e entrevista semiestruturada com 10 colaboradores da unidade de controladoria da instituição. O estudo verificou que o ambiente da instituição, é orgânico, com mudanças quando necessárias. A tecnologia faz parte do todo institucional, ocorre centralização da decisão em relação à variável estrutura e a estratégia está presente, e é de extrema importância para a instituição. Além disso, os entrevistados elencaram que há reconhecimento da unidade através das atividades que executam, com pessoas capacitadas e relatórios em tempo hábil. Ainda, destacou-se a importância da busca pela qualificação e oportunidade em relação ao aprendizado de língua estrangeira

"Placing" Energy Development in a Local Context: Exploring the Origins of Rural Community Perspectives

There is a growing need for sustainable energy development to meet domestic and international demand for electricity and fuel generation. A critical component in energy systems development is support from the public, particularly the acceptance of these technologies among local populations. The goal of this study is to examine how locally affected populations view energy developments, especially with regard to community and place (ties to the area and local relationships). In-depth, face-to-face interviews and community observation were employed to better understand how residents in a rural Canadian community perceive of potential energy development in their locale. Our findings demonstrate that the unique combinations of local characteristics across rural communities are likely to have a bearing on the support for or opposition to energy development in those areas. Residents' perceptions of energy systems are influenced by the intersection of local values, community relationships and place attachment. We present a framework of the intersecting factors that influenced community perceptions in the study location and discuss how the framework can be used to better anticipate and understand the origins of rural community perspectives of energy development. Keywords: risk perceptions; energy; community; communication; place --------------------------------------------- Il y a un besoin croissant de développement des énergies durables pour satisfaire les demandes intérieures et internationales en production électrique et de carburant. Un élément fondamental dans le développement des systèmes énergétiques est le soutien du public en particulier l'acceptation de ces technologies parmi les populations locales. Le but de cette étude est d'examiner comment les populations localement affectées voient les développements énergétiques, en particulier au regard de la communauté et des rôles (liens dans la région et relations locales). Plus spécifiquement, les entrevues en face à face et les observations au sein de la communauté furent employées pour mieux comprendre comment les résidents d'une communauté rurale canadienne perçoivent le développement des potentiels énergétiques dans leur localité. Nos résultats démontrent que la combinaison unique des caractéristiques locales à travers les communautés locales sont susceptibles d'avoir un effet sur le support ou sur l'opposition au développement énergétique dans ces régions. Les perceptions qu'ont les résidents des systèmes énergétiques sont influencées par le chevauchement des valeurs locales, les relations communautaires et l'attachement à un lieu. Nous présentons le cadre du recoupement de ces facteurs qui ont influencé les perceptions communautaires dans le lieu des études et discutons dans quelle mesure le cadre peut être utilisé pour mieux anticiper et comprendre les origines des perspectives communautaires rurales du développement énergétique

Preparing for wildfire evacuation and alternatives: Exploring influences on residents’ intended evacuation behaviors and mitigations

Understanding residents\u27 intended evacuation behaviors is an increasingly important component of managing complex wildfire events in the United States and elsewhere. Growing evidence suggests that local populations consider a range of potential evacuation behaviors during fire events, yet fewer efforts explore rural residents\u27 evacuation intentions or their relationship to wildfire mitigations that reduce risk or aid in fire suppression. This study explores evacuation intentions among wildland-urban interface residents in Pend Oreille County, Washington, USA. We explore how mitigation performance (e.g., fuel reduction efforts, structure improvements, active firefighting preparation) differs across three emergent categories of evacuation intentions and evaluate whether a range of factors correlate with participants’ evacuation intentions. Our results suggest that a relatively high proportion of residents in the study area intend to stay and defend their property from a wildfire, with smaller proportions intending to evacuate or shelter in place. Individuals who intend to stay and defend are more likely to implement fuel reduction and property mitigation strategies when compared to those intending to evacuate or shelter in place. We found that elements of residency status, sex, age, presence of children in the home, and perceptions of personal efficacy and whether the property was prepared enough to not need firefighting were significant influences on group affiliation. For instance, part-time residency was significantly correlated with intending to evacuate, while full-time residents were more likely to stay and defend. Greater agreement that firefighting was not needed because a property was well-prepared was significantly related to staying and defending over evacuating

Immunity and tolerance to infections in experimental hematopoietic transplantation

Resistance and tolerance are two types of host defense mechanisms that increase fitness in response to fungi. Several genetic polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptors, most remarkably Toll-like receptors (TLRs), have been described to influence resistance and tolerance to aspergillosis in distinct clinical settings. TLRs on dendritic cells pivotally contribute in determining the balance between immunopathology and protective immunity to the fungus. Epithelial cells also contribute to this balance via selected TLRs converging on indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Studies in experimental hematopoietic transplantation confirmed the dichotomy of pathways leading to resistance and tolerance to the fungus providing new insights on the relative contribution of the hematopoietic/nonhematopoietic compartments.This work was supported by the Specific Targeted Research Project SYBARIS (LSHE-CT-2006), contract number 242220 (FP7), and by the Italian Project PRIN 2007KLCKP8_004. Agostinho Carvalho and Cristina Cunha were financially supported by fellowships from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal (contracts SFRH/BPD/46292/2008 and SFRH/BD/65962/2009 respectively)

O ponto de vista topológico da psique em Freud

Este trabalho tem por objetivo tratar de um assunto central na obra de Sigmund Freud — o seu ponto de vista topológico da psique. Não se trata de uma minuciosa investigação dos textos de Freud, mas sim de um sobrevoo sobre as obras mais fundamentais que compõem a primeira e segunda topologias do aparelho psíquico, a fim de compreender o que leva o autor a desenvolver tais noções e quais argumentos as fundamentam. Sendo assim, a primeira parte do trabalho se propõe a tratar daqueles conceitos que estão na gênese da primeira topologia, buscando também analisar os argumentos apresentados pelo autor para justificar sua posição, tendo como base os principais textos que compõem esta etapa do pensamento do autor. A segunda parte do trabalho se concentra na explicação dos novos conceitos apresentados na obra que consolida a chamada segunda topologia, O Eu e o Id (1923), na qual Freud faz uma reformulação de seu sistema teórico tendo em vista uma série de pressões teóricas que recaiam sobre aquilo que foi suposto na sua primeira topologia.This work aims to address a central issue in the work of Sigmund Freud — his topological view of the psyche. It is not a detailed investigation of Freud's texts, but one about the most detailed works that investigated the first and second topology of the psychic apparatus, in order to understand what leads the author to develop such notions and what arguments support them. Therefore, the first part of the work proposes to deal with those concepts that are in the genesis of the first topology, also seeking to analyze the arguments presented by the author to justify his position, based on the main texts that make up this stage of the author's thought. The second part of the work focuses on the explanation of the new concepts presented in the work that consolidates the so-called second topology, The Ego and the Id (1923), in which Freud reformulates his theoretical system in view of a series of theoretical pressures that fall on what was assumed in their first topology

Waterfowl Populations and the Changing Environment of the Illinois River Valley

1.—The bottomland (backwater) lakes of the Illinois River valley embrace about 28,500 ha (70,000 acres) and attract hundreds of thousands of waterfowl during their fall and spring migrations. All of these backwater lakes except Peoria Lake are lateral to the river channel. 2.—The Illinois River occupies a valley much older than the river itself as a result of a series of unique geological events. This valley in essence was the Mississippi River valley before the Wisconsinan glaciation. Its bottomland lakes developed because the river\u27s remarkably low rate of fall resulted in its aggrading rather than degrading. 3.—Unfortunately, the very principles of sedimentation that created the lakes also set the stage for their extinction. Under pristine conditions this extinction would have taken hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years, but man, through intensive use of the land, has greatly accelerated the process.   4.—Aquatic and terrestrial habitats of the Illinois Valley have suffered a series of cataclysmic events since 1900: first, a permanent rise in water level from water diverted from Lake Michigan; second, the draining of more I Aug. 1979 Bellrose et al.; Waterfowl and the Changing Illinois Valley 49 than half of the 161,878-ha (400,000- acre) floodplain through the construction of levees and pumping stations; third, an upsurge in untreated urban and industrial pollution during the 1920\u27s; fourth, the creation of a 2.7-m (9-ft) channel and its attendant navigation dams in the 1930\u27s; and fifth, an acceleration in sedimentation rates following World War II, apparently resulting from an increase in the amount of open row crops grown within the basin. 5.—Waterfowl food plant resources have been dramatically altered by the many changes wrought by man. Factors that have directly affected the species composition and abundance of the wetland plants are (1) fluctuating water levels, (2) water turbidity, (3) water depth, and (4) competition between plant species. 6.—Fluctuating river levels adversely affect the development of aquatic and marsh vegetation on those bottomland lakes connected with the river at all stages. In the early years of the study, the more the lakes were separated from the river, the more extensive were their aquatic and marsh plant beds. 7.—During the earlier years of the study, aquatic and marsh plants disappeared from those lakes connected with the river at all water stages (and thus subject to water-level fluctuations). During the later years of the study, aquatic plants disappeared and the area of marsh plants greatly declined in all lakes, even in those enjoying a degree of separation from the river and minimal water-level fluctuations. Increases in water turbidity and bottom softness, stemming from sedimentation, appear to be responsible. 8.—However, low levees and pumps have increasingly been used to dewater all or part of the lake basins. This procedure controls small summer fluctuations and exposes mud flats for the development of moist-soil plants between 15 July and 15 October. Moist soil plants—millets, smartweeds, nutgrasses, rice cutgrass, water hemp, and teal grass—produce an abundance of seed palatable to many species of ducks. Low summer water levels permit or expedite dewatering. Summer rises that overtop low levees usually destroy moist-soil plant beds. 9.—Sedimentation is rapidly filling in the bottomland lakes of the Illinois Valley, reducing their size, degrading water quality, and minimizing the diversity of bottom depths. The fine silts and clays deposited on the bottoms when river waters invade bottomland lakes are readily resuspended by wave action and the activity of rough fish. The consequent turbidity reduces the euphotic zone to such a shallow depth that aquatic plants can no longer survive. Marsh plants have difficulty maintaining footings as bottom soils become softer. 10.—.Sedimentation occurs at a higher rate in deep water than in shallow water. Thus, most lakes now possess a uniform bottom instead of the turn-of-the century variation in bottom depths. (Peoria Lake, through which the river channel passes, is an exception.) Lake basins are now platter shaped. Estimated life expectancies are 33 years for Lake Depue, 92 years for Lake Chautauqua, and 90 years for Meredosia Bay. 11.—The abundance of certain species of waterfowl in the Illinois Valley is related to the abundance of native food resources. Among the dabbling ducks, the size of fall populations of the pintail, green-winged teal, and wigeon correlated with the abundance of wetland plants. Mallards feed extensively on waste grain in harvested fields, but even so, when annual variations in the continental mallard population were taken into account, moist-soil plant abundance influenced the abundance of mallards. Diving duck populations were unrelated to wetland plant abundance. However, when a catastrophic loss of fingernail clams occurred, diving duck numbers crashed. Neither this food resource nor the population of diving ducks has recovered in the ensuing two decades. 12.—Fall river levels determine the depths in bottomland lakes and thus the availability of moist-soil plant foods. If the river is low and mud flats are exposed, moist-soil plant seeds will be unavailable to waterfowl. If, on the other hand, the river is high and mud flats are too deeply submerged, the result is the same. The higher the fall rise in water, the greater the reduction in numbers of green-winged teal, with the same influence to a lesser degree on pintails, wigeons, and mallards. 13.— As a result of the disappearance of aquatic plants and the prohibition of baiting, private duck clubs, the Illinois Department of Conservation, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have placed increasing emphasis on controlled dewatering of wetland habitats. Private duck clubs control 23,198 ha (57,320 acres) of land and water in the Illinois Valley and have 6,723 ha (16,612 acres) under varying degrees of low water level control. State and federal agencies control 15,644 ha (38,656 acres) and have 4,688 ha (11,585 acres) under similar water-level management

Terceirização na saúde pública : a precarização do serviço e das condições de trabalho

O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise acerca do impacto negativo da implementação da terceirização nos serviços públicos de saúde, tanto para a população, destinatária final desse direito, quanto para a classe trabalhadora. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa através de revisão bibliográfica com base em referenciais teóricos já publicados a respeito do tema abordado. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma análise acerca do tema da saúde e de sua efetivação pelo Estado dentro do contexto brasileiro. Em seguida, foi tratado o tópico da terceirização e de sua implementação dentro dos serviços públicos de saúde. Por fim, dada essa implementação que foi aumentando ao longo dos anos, por meio de decisões legislativas e jurisprudenciais permissivas e atreladas ao pensamento leoliberal, foi demonstrado como isso precariza o serviço prestado à população, bem como as condições de trabalho dos profissionais da saúde, afetando negativamente essa classe trabalhadora, enfraquecendo seus vínculos sociais, sindicais e de classe.This paper presents an analysis of the negative impact of outsourcing implementation on public healthcare services, both for the population that is the final recipient of this right and for the working class. The adopted methodology was the research through bibliographic review based on theoretical references already published on the topic.. Firstly, an analysis was carried out on the theme of health and its implementation by the State within the Brazilian context. Next, the topic of outsourcing and its implementation within public health services was addressed. Finally, given the increasing implementation of outsourcing over the years through permissive legislative and jurisprudential decisions tied to neoliberal thought, it was demonstrated how this precarious the service provided to the population, as well as the working conditions of health professionals, negatively affecting this working class, weakening their social, trade union, and class bonds