The rugby side-on tackle: on-field comparison between young and senior international \ue9lite athletes for technique enhancement and injury prevention.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the tackling technique in international \ue9lite young and senior athletes, to highlight differences both in technique effectiveness and ACL injury risk

EFFECT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF STATES IN AMORPHOUS IN-GA-ZN-O LAYERS ON THE CONDUCTION MECHANISM OF THIN FILM TRANSISTORS ON ITS BASE

Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Thin Film Transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) have proven to be an excellent approach for flat panel display drivers using organic light emitting diodes, due to their high mobility and stability compared to other types of TFTs. These characteristics are related to the specifics of the metal-oxygen-metal bonds, which give raise to spatially distributed s orbitals that can overlap between them. The magnitude of the overlap between s orbitals seems to be little sensitive to the presence of the distorted bonds, allowing high values of mobility, even in devices fabricated at room temperature. In this paper, we show the effect of the distribution of states in the a-IGZO layer on the main conduction mechanism of the a-IGZO TFTs, analyzing the behavior with temperature of the drain current.

Relação entre qualidade de vida e prevalencia de ideação suicida em pacientes atendidos no programa de transtorno de humor : HCPA

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GEN-O-MA project: an Italian network studying clinical course and pathogenic pathways of moyamoya disease—study protocol and preliminary results

Background: GENetics of mOyaMoyA (GEN-O-MA) project is a multicenter observational study implemented in Italy aimed at creating a network of centers involved in moyamoya angiopathy (MA) care and research and at collecting a large series and bio-repository of MA patients, finally aimed at describing the disease phenotype and clinical course as well as at identifying biological or cellular markers for disease progression. The present paper resumes the most important study methodological issues and preliminary results. Methods: Nineteen centers are participating to the study. Patients with both bilateral and unilateral radiologically defined MA are included in the study. For each patient, detailed demographic and clinical as well as neuroimaging data are being collected. When available, biological samples (blood, DNA, CSF, middle cerebral artery samples) are being also collected for biological and cellular studies. Results: Ninety-eight patients (age of onset mean ± SD 35.5 ± 19.6 years; 68.4% females) have been collected so far. 65.3% of patients presented ischemic (50%) and haemorrhagic (15.3%) stroke. A higher female predominance concomitantly with a similar age of onset and clinical features to what was reported in previous studies on Western patients has been confirmed. Conclusion: An accurate and detailed clinical and neuroimaging classification represents the best strategy to provide the characterization of the disease phenotype and clinical course. The collection of a large number of biological samples will permit the identification of biological markers and genetic factors associated with the disease susceptibility in Italy

DEPENDÊNCIA QUIMICA EM COMORBIDADES PSIQUIÁTRICAS E PSICOLÓGICAS: CAUSAS DE PREVALÊNCIAS E SEUS EFEITOS

  Chemical dependency has arisen concomitantly over the course of human history, with individuals using drugs for a wide variety of reasons, whether due to predisposition, emotional or psychological problems, and sometimes indiscriminate use of licit and illicit drugs, generating patterns of abuse. Drug addiction has reached epidemic proportions and is considered a complicating factor in public health. It is expressed in multifactorial, complex, chronic and recurrent diseases. It is considered a mental disorder that causes social, occupational, family, personal and cognitive harm. Thus, the prevalence of addiction, its causes and effects on psychiatric and psychological comorbidities identifies which disorders are most common in drug addicts. The results showed a high prevalence of mood disorders, especially depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder, as well as mental disorders, which also include psychiatric personality disorders and schizophrenia among addicts. The prevalence of depression among drug addicts was almost three times higher than in the general population. It was found that "quick assessments", such as the MINI tool and the Beck Depression Inventory, were most commonly used to diagnose depression in drug addiction patients. Based on accumulated knowledge and appreciation, with personal experiences with patients, it was found that depression and addiction are a common link. The novelty lies in the specific form of association in specific cases, which can lead to drug abuse, even leading to the risk of suicide. Finally, it is also concluded that comorbidities parallel to drug addiction do not provide accurate diagnoses, and a causal relationship cannot be established. Therefore, more research should be carried out and individual actions are urgently needed to deal with the associated conditions.A dependência química surge concomitantemente no decorrer da história humana, com indivíduos usuários com os mais diversos intuitos, seja por predisposição, problemas emocionais, psíquicos e alguns por vezes fazendo uso indiscriminado de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, gerando padrões de abuso. A dependência química alcançou dimensões epidêmicas sendo considerada como um complicador na saúde pública. Expressa-se em doenças multifatoriais, complexas crônicas e recorrentes. Apontada como um transtorno mental gerador de prejuízo social, ocupacional, familiar, pessoal e cognitivo. Dessa forma a prevalência da dependência, suas causas e efeitos em comorbidades psiquiátricas e psicológicas identifica quais transtornos são mais comuns em dependentes químicos. Os resultados mostraram alta prevalência de transtornos de humor, com destaque para a depressão, ansiedade e bipolaridade e transtornos mentais, que discorre também sobre patologia psiquiátrica de personalidade e esquizofrenia entre os dependentes. A prevalência de depressão entre dependentes químicos foi quase três vezes maior que a da população em geral. Descobriu-se que "avaliações rápidas", como a ferramenta MINI e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck, eram mais comumente usadas para diagnosticar depressão em pacientes de dependência química. Com base no conhecimento e apreciação acumulados, com experiências pessoais com pacientes, constatou-se que a depressão e o vício são um elo comum. A novidade reside na forma específica de associação em casos específicos, o que pode levar ao abuso de drogas, levando até ao risco de suicídio. Por fim, conclui-se também que a comorbidades paralelas à dependência química não fornece diagnósticos precisos, e uma relação causal não pode ser estabelecida. Portanto, mais pesquisas devem ser levantadas assim como ações individuais são necessárias com urgência para lidar com as condições associadas

Refinement of the diagnostic approach for the identification of children and adolescents affected by familial hypercholesterolemia: Evidence from the LIPIGEN study

Background and aims: We aimed to describe the limitations of familiar hypercholesterolemia (FH) diagnosis in childhood based on the presence of the typical features of FH, such as physical sings of cholesterol accumulation and personal or family history of premature cardiovascular disease or hypercholesterolemia, comparing their prevalence in the adult and paediatric FH population, and to illustrate how additional information can lead to a more effective diagnosis of FH at a younger age.Methods: From the Italian LIPIGEN cohort, we selected 1188 (>= 18 years) and 708 (<18 years) genetically-confirmed heterozygous FH, with no missing personal FH features. The prevalence of personal and familial FH features was compared between the two groups. For a sub-group of the paediatric cohort (N = 374), data about premature coronary heart disease (CHD) in second-degree family members were also included in the evaluation.Results: The lower prevalence of typical FH features in children/adolescents vs adults was confirmed: the prevalence of tendon xanthoma was 2.1% vs 13.1%, and arcus cornealis was present in 1.6% vs 11.2% of the cohorts, respectively. No children presented clinical history of premature CHD or cerebral/peripheral vascular disease compared to 8.8% and 5.6% of adults, respectively. The prevalence of premature CHD in first-degree relatives was significantly higher in adults compared to children/adolescents (38.9% vs 19.7%). In the sub-cohort analysis, a premature CHD event in parents was reported in 63 out of 374 subjects (16.8%), but the percentage increased to 54.0% extending the evaluation also to second-degree relatives.Conclusions: In children, the typical FH features are clearly less informative than in adults. A more thorough data collection, adding information about second-degree relatives, could improve the diagnosis of FH at younger age

Twelve Variants Polygenic Score for Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Distribution in a Large Cohort of Patients With Clinically Diagnosed Familial Hypercholesterolemia With or Without Causative Mutations

: Background A significant proportion of individuals clinically diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), but without any disease-causing mutation, are likely to have polygenic hypercholesterolemia. We evaluated the distribution of a polygenic risk score, consisting of 12 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-raising variants (polygenic LDL-C risk score), in subjects with a clinical diagnosis of FH. Methods and Results Within the Lipid Transport Disorders Italian Genetic Network (LIPIGEN) study, 875 patients who were FH-mutation positive (women, 54.75%; mean age, 42.47±15.00 years) and 644 patients who were FH-mutation negative (women, 54.21%; mean age, 49.73±13.54 years) were evaluated. Patients who were FH-mutation negative had lower mean levels of pretreatment LDL-C than patients who were FH-mutation positive (217.14±55.49 versus 270.52±68.59 mg/dL, P<0.0001). The mean value (±SD) of the polygenic LDL-C risk score was 1.00 (±0.18) in patients who were FH-mutation negative and 0.94 (±0.20) in patients who were FH-mutation positive (P<0.0001). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve for recognizing subjects characterized by polygenic hypercholesterolemia was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.56-0.62), with sensitivity and specificity being 78% and 36%, respectively, at 0.905 as a cutoff value. Higher mean polygenic LDL-C risk score levels were observed among patients who were FH-mutation negative having pretreatment LDL-C levels in the range of 150 to 350 mg/dL (150-249 mg/dL: 1.01 versus 0.91, P<0.0001; 250-349 mg/dL: 1.02 versus 0.95, P=0.0001). A positive correlation between polygenic LDL-C risk score and pretreatment LDL-C levels was observed among patients with FH independently of the presence of causative mutations. Conclusions This analysis confirms the role of polymorphisms in modulating LDL-C levels, even in patients with genetically confirmed FH. More data are needed to support the use of the polygenic score in routine clinical practice

SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections: Incidence and Risk Factors in a Large European Multicentric Cohort of Health Workers

The research aimed to investigate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and their determinants in a large European cohort of more than 60,000 health workers