125 research outputs found
Catalytic Potential of Post-Transition Metal Doped Graphene-Based Single-Atom Catalysts for the CO2 Electroreduction Reaction
Catalysts are required to ensure electrochemical reduction of CO2 to fuels proceeds at industrially acceptable rates and yields. As such, highly active and selective catalysts must be developed. Herein, a density functional theory study of p-block element and noble metal doped graphene-based single-atom catalysts in two defect sites for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO and HCOOH is systematically undertaken. It is found that on all of the systems considered, the thermodynamic product is HCOOH. Pb/C3, Pb/N4 and Sn/C3 are identified as having the lowest overpotential for HCOOH production while Al/C3, Al/N4, Au/C3 and Ga/C3 are identified as having the potential to form higher order products due to the strength of binding of adsorbed HCOOH
Non-destructive depth reconstruction of Al-AlCu layer structure with nanometer resolution using extreme ultraviolet coherence tomography
Non-destructive cross-sectional characterization of materials systems with a
resolution in the nanometer range and the ability to allow for time-resolved
in-situ studies is of great importance in material science. Here, we present
such a measurements method, extreme ultraviolet coherence tomography (XCT). The
method is non-destructive during sample preparation as well as during the
measurement, which is distinguished by a negligible thermal load as compared to
electron microscopy methods. Laser-generated radiation in the extreme
ultraviolet (XUV) and soft x-ray range is used for characterization. The
measurement principle is interferometric and the signal evaluation is performed
via an iterative Fourier analysis. The method is demonstrated on the metallic
material system Al-AlCu and compared to electron and atomic force
microscopy measurements. We also present advanced reconstruction methods for
XCT which even allow for the determination of the roughness of outer and inner
interfaces.Comment: First two authors contributed equally to this work and are ordered
alphabetically. 14 page
A Beautiful Thing: A Service Learning Partnership Develops
This roundtable presents multiple perspectives on a multi-year partnership between an urban school and its university neighbor. Building and nurturing a thriving mutually beneficial partnership between an urban Pre-K-8 school and its neighboring university is, as the principal of Cesar Batalla School often says, “a beautiful thing.” Cesar Batalla, serving 800 students and families from a multilingual, multiethnic community in a low-income neighborhood, is located a stone’s throw from a mid-sized suburban, private university that attracts undergraduate and graduate students with little personal firsthand experience with racial, ethnic and linguistic diversity, or of poverty and its challenges. “Geographical neighbors, yet worlds apart” would aptly describe the university school juxtaposition before we embarked upon our partnership. Transforming a coincidental proximity into a deep partnership has been a journey of many discoveries
Preserving π-conjugation in covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes for ptoelectronic applications
Covalent functionalization tailors carbon nanotubes for a wide range of
applications in varying environments. Its strength and stability of attachment
come at the price of degrading the carbon nanotubes sp2 network and destroying
the tubes electronic and optoelectronic features. Here we present a non-
destructive, covalent, gram-scale functionalization of single-walled carbon
nanotubes by a new [2+1] cycloaddition. The reaction rebuilds the extended
Ď€-network, thereby retaining the outstanding quantum optoelectronic properties
of carbon nanotubes, including bright light emission at high degree of
functionalization (1 group per 25 carbon atoms). The conjugation method
described here opens the way for advanced tailoring nanotubes as demonstrated
for light-triggered reversible doping through photochromic molecular switches
and nanoplasmonic gold-nanotube hybrids with enhanced infrared light emission
Population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in neonates and young infants less than 3 months age
Ciprofloxacin is used in neonates with suspected or documented Gram-negative serious infections. Currently, its use is off-label partly because of lack of pharmacokinetic studies. Within the FP7 EU project TINN (Treat Infection in NeoNates), our aim was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in neonates and young infants \u3c3 months of age and define the appropriate dose in order to optimize ciprofloxacin treatment in this vulnerable population. Blood samples were collected from neonates treated with ciprofloxacin and concentrations were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM software. The data from 60 newborn infants (postmenstrual age [PMA] range, 24.9 to 47.9 weeks) were available for population pharmacokinetic analysis. A two-compartment model with first-order elimination showed the best fit with the data. A covariate analysis identified that gestational age, postnatal age, current weight, serum creatinine concentration, and use of inotropes had a significant impact on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics. Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated that 90% of hypothetical newborns with a PMA of \u3c34 weeks treated with 7.5 mg/kg twice daily and 84% of newborns with a PMA ≥34 weeks and young infants receiving 12.5 mg/kg twice daily would reach the AUC/MIC target of 125, using the standard EUCAST MIC susceptibility breakpoint of 0.5 mg/liter. The associated risks of overdose for the proposed dosing regimen were \u3c8%. The population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was evaluated in neonates and young infants \u3c3 months old, and a dosing regimen was established based on simulation
Phenotyping of mice with heart specific overexpression of A<sub>2A</sub>-adenosine receptors:Evidence for cardioprotective effects of A<sub>2A</sub>-adenosine receptors
from a better etiological understanding, through valid diagnosis, to more effective health care
Background Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a severe, lifelong
neurodevelopmental disorder with early onset that places a heavy burden on
affected individuals and their families. Due to the need for highly
specialized health, educational and vocational services, ASD is a cost-
intensive disorder, and strain on health care systems increases with
increasing age of the affected individual. Methods The ASD-Net will study
Germany’s largest cohort of patients with ASD over the lifespan. By combining
methodological expertise from all levels of clinical research, the ASD-Net
will follow a translational approach necessary to identify neurobiological
pathways of different phenotypes and their appropriate identification and
treatment. The work of the ASD-Net will be organized into three clusters
concentrating on diagnostics, therapy and health economics. In the diagnostic
cluster, data from a large, well-characterized sample (N = 2568) will be
analyzed to improve the efficiency of diagnostic procedures. Pattern
classification methods (machine learning) will be used to identify algorithms
for screening purposes. In a second step, the developed algorithm will be
tested in an independent sample. In the therapy cluster, we will unravel how
an ASD-specific social skills training with concomitant oxytocin
administration can modulate behavior through neurobiological pathways. For the
first time, we will characterize long-term effects of a social skills training
combined with oxytocin treatment on behavioral and neurobiological phenotypes.
Also acute effects of oxytocin will be investigated to delineate general and
specific effects of additional oxytocin treatment in order to develop
biologically plausible models for symptoms and successful therapeutic
interventions in ASD. Finally, in the health economics cluster, we will assess
service utilization and ASD-related costs in order to identify potential needs
and cost savings specifically tailored to Germany. The ASD-Net has been
established as part of the German Research Network for Mental Disorders,
funded by the BMBF (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research).
Discussion The highly integrated structure of the ASD-Net guarantees sustained
collaboration of clinicians and researchers to alleviate individual distress,
harm, and social disability of patients with ASD and reduce costs to the
German health care system. Trial registration Both clinical trials of the ASD-
Net are registered in the German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00008952
(registered on August 4, 2015) and DRKS00010053 (registered on April 8, 2016)
Amiodarone-Induced Postrepolarization Refractoriness Suppresses Induction of Ventricular Fibrillation
Functional Connectivity Analyses in Imaging Genetics: Considerations on Methods and Data Interpretation
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be combined with genotype assessment to identify brain systems that mediate genetic vulnerability to mental disorders (“imaging genetics”). A data analysis approach that is widely applied is “functional connectivity”. In this approach, the temporal correlation between the fMRI signal from a pre-defined brain region (the so-called “seed point”) and other brain voxels is determined. In this technical note, we show how the choice of freely selectable data analysis parameters strongly influences the assessment of the genetic modulation of connectivity features. In our data analysis we exemplarily focus on three methodological parameters: (i) seed voxel selection, (ii) noise reduction algorithms, and (iii) use of additional second level covariates. Our results show that even small variations in the implementation of a functional connectivity analysis can have an impact on the connectivity pattern that is as strong as the potential modulation by genetic allele variants. Some effects of genetic variation can only be found for one specific implementation of the connectivity analysis. A reoccurring difficulty in the field of psychiatric genetics is the non-replication of initially promising findings, partly caused by the small effects of single genes. The replication of imaging genetic results is therefore crucial for the long-term assessment of genetic effects on neural connectivity parameters. For a meaningful comparison of imaging genetics studies however, it is therefore necessary to provide more details on specific methodological parameters (e.g., seed voxel distribution) and to give information how robust effects are across the choice of methodological parameters
Discrepancies between dimensions of interoception in autism: implications for emotion and anxiety
Emotions and affective feelings are influenced by one's internal state of bodily arousal via interoception. Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are associated with difficulties in recognising others' emotions, and in regulating own emotions. We tested the hypothesis that, in people with ASC, such affective differences may arise from abnormalities in interoceptive processing. We demonstrated that individuals with ASC have reduced interoceptive accuracy (quantified using heartbeat detection tests) and exaggerated interoceptive sensibility (subjective sensitivity to internal sensations on self-report questionnaires), reflecting an impaired ability to objectively detect bodily signals alongside an over-inflated subjective perception of bodily sensations. The divergence of these two interoceptive axes can be computed as a trait prediction error. This error correlated with deficits in emotion sensitivity and occurrence of anxiety symptoms. Our results indicate an origin of emotion deficits and affective symptoms in ASC at the interface between body and mind, specifically in expectancy-driven interpretation of interoceptive information
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