Beneficio de algunas asociaciones como medicación intracanal

When it is necessary to complete a treatment in more than one appointment, it is recommended to place an intracanal medication in order toavoidthedevelopmentofmicroorganisms. Thereareseveraloptions; however, it dependsontheprofessionaltodecidewhichmedication is suitableforeachcase, hencethe idea of an associationbetweenthe different intracanalmedications. Inview of the antimicrobial, reducing, and anti-inflammatory properties of calcium hydroxide, an association with chlorhexidine, anti-inflammatory, antibiotics or others substances has been sought. Once a paste of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine with different concentrations is prepared, the renewal of the tissue and microbial elimination was observed; however, this action did not outweigh the action of the chlorhexidine isolated, then we conclude that there is no potentiation in the combination of these drugs. On the other hand, some studies show that the chlorophenol camphorated has showed increasing the action of the calciumCuando es necesario completar el tratamiento endodóntico en más de una cita, se recomienda colocar medicación intraconducto con el fin de evitar el desarrollo demicroorganismos. Existen variasopciones, pero enmanos del endodoncista está saberqué usar en cada caso. De ahí nace la idea de una asociación entre los diferentes medicamentos. En vista de las propiedades antimicrobianas y de biocompatibilidad del hidróxido de calcio, se han buscado asociaciones de este con paramonoclorofenol, clorhexidina, antiinflamatorios y antibióticos. El paramonoclorofenol alcanforado, a pesar de que algunos estudios lo muestran como citotóxico, ayuda incrementando la acción del hidróxido decalcio, mientras quecuandosehicieron pastas de hidróxido decalcio yclorhexidina condiferentesconcentraciones, se observó eliminación microbiana pero esta acción no superó a la acción de la clorhexidina de forma separada. Entonces, se concluye que no hayuna potenciación en la combinación de estos medicamentos. El uso d

A new technique for tongue brushing and halitosis reduction: the X technique

The tongue is one of the primary sources of halitosis. The manual or mechanical removal of biofilm is known to decrease oral malodor. Objective: To evaluate a new tongue hygiene technique hereby referred to as “the X technique” and its effects on both halitosis and the number of microorganisms based on microbiological parameters and diagnostic features of the breath. Material and Methods: The study included thirty patients divided into a control group (patients without systematized guidelines of lingual hygiene, but who performed the mechanical cleaning of tongue dorsum, each in its own way), the 3R group (instructed to perform the movements of the X technique for 3 repetitions at each brushing), and the 6R group (instructed to perform 6 repetitions of the technique at each brushing). After two weeks, a new data collection was performed. Results: Patients in the 6R group presented the lowest score on the organoleptic assessment scale at the second consultation, followed by the 3R group and the controls. Regarding the self-perception of breath by the method of Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the control group did not perceive improvements in oral malodor; the results of the 3R group and the 6R group were similar. Conclusion: These results indicate that the X technique improves both measurements and perceptions of halitosis. Microbiological analyses revealed greatest reduction in the 6R group. The findings show that the X technique reduces both organoleptic scores and the number of bacterial colonies, and improves users’ perceptions of their breath

19th World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education

Todos os trabalhos se desenvolveram no Austria Center Vienna, o mais moderno centro de congressos da capital austríaca, adjacente ao complexo das Nações Unidas, na margem esquerda do Danúbio, a menos de quinze minutos de metro do centro da cidade. Com mais de mil e trezentos participantes, na Conferência estiveram representados setenta e nove países, sendo trinta europeus, dezasseis asiáticos, quinze americanos, catorze africanos e quatro da zona do Pacífico. Em termos de representação individual, a Europa, com mais de 57% de presenças, foi a zona do globo mais visível. De salientar, contudo, a presença significativa de um elevado número de representantes de países em busca de desenvolvimento, de todos os continentes, da Letónia à Eslováquia, da Mongólia ao Vietname, da República Dominicana ao Equador, do Botswana à Tunísia, passando pelo Chade e pelo Togo

Analysis of the reaction of subcutaneous tissues in rats and the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide paste used in association with different substances

The aim of this study was to evaluate the subcutaneous tissue response in rats and the antimicrobial activity of intracanal calcium hydroxide dressings mixed with different substances against E. faecalis. Fifty four rats were divided into three experimental groups according to the vehicle in the calcium hydroxide treatment: 0.4% chlorohexidine in propylene glycol (PG),Casearia sylvestris Sw in PG and calcium hydroxide+PG (control group). The pastes were placed into polyethylene tubes and implanted into the subcutaneous tissue. After 7, 14 and 30 days, the samples were processed and histologically evaluated (hematoxylin and eosin). The tissue surface in contact with the material was analyzed, and the quantitative analysis determined the volume density occupied by the inflammatory infiltrate (giant cells, polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear cells), fibroblasts, collagen fibers and blood vessels. For the antimicrobial analysis, 20 dentin blocks infected with E. faecalis were treated with calcium hydroxide pastes in different vehicles; 0.4% chlorhexidine in PG, PG, extract fromCasearia sylvestris Sw in PG and a positive control (infection and without medication) for 7 days. The efficiency of the pastes was evaluated by the live/dead technique and confocal microscopy. The results showed that 0.4% chlorhexidine induced a higher inflammatory response than the other groups. The Casearia sylvestris Sw extract showed satisfactory results in relation to the intensity of the inflammatory response. In the microbiological test, there were no statistical differences between the evaluated intracanal dressings and the percentage of bacterial viability was between 33 and 42%. The control group showed an 86% viability. Antimicrobial components such as chlorhexidine or Casearia sylvestris Sw did not improve the antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis in comparison to the calcium hydroxide+PG treatment. In addition, the incorporation of chlorhexidine in the calcium hydroxide paste promoted the highest inflammatory response

Influence of radiopacifying agents on the solubility, pH and antimicrobial activity of portland cement

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interference of the radiopacifiers bismuth oxide (BO), bismuth carbonate (BC), bismuth subnitrate (BS), and zirconiun oxide (ZO) on the solubility, alkalinity and antimicrobial properties of white Portland cement (WPC). The substances were incorporated to PC, at a ratio of 1:4 (v/v) and subjected to a solubility test. To evaluate the pH, the cements were inserted into retrograde cavities prepared in simulated acrylic teeth and immediately immersed in deionized water. The pH of the solution was measured at 3, 24, 72 and 168 h. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by a radial diffusion method against the microorganisms S. aureus (ATCC 25923), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and C. albicans (ATCC 10231). The zone of microbial growth inhibition was measured after 24 h. The addition of BS and BC increased the solubility of the cement. The pH values demonstrated that all materials produced alkaline levels. At 3 h, BS showed lower pH than WPC (p<0.05). At 168 h, all materials showed similar pHs (p&gt;0.05). The materials did not present antimicrobial activity for S. aureus, P. aeruginosas and E. faecalis (p&gt;0.05). With regards to C. albicans, all materials formed an inhibition zone, mainly the mixture of WPC with ZO (p<0.05). The type of radiopacifier incorporated into WPC interfered with its physical and antimicrobial properties. ZO was found to be a viable radiopacifier that can be used with WPC

Etiologia e susceptibilidade à drogas de microrganismos relacionados com a otite média crônica supurativa em pacientes portadores de fissura palatal

A otite média crônica supurativa (OMCS) é uma condição comum em pacientes portadores de fissura palatal e lábio-palatal não reparada. Devido a uma anormalidade muscular, existe disfunção da tuba auditiva que, por sua vez, não equilibra a pressão diferencial do ar entre o ouvido médio e a nasofaringe, ocasionando acúmulo de fluidos na cavidade do ouvido médio. Amostras efusivas de OMCS de 40 pacientes portadores de fissura lábiopalatal matriculados no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais (HRAC) – USP – Bauru - SP, foram analisadas através de culturas bacteriológicas, e as bactérias isoladas submetidas ao padrão de susceptibilidade in vitro frente a drogas de uso clínico. Culturas positivas foram obtidas em 100% dos casos estudados. Das 57 linhagens obtidas, foram isoladas com maior freqüência as bactérias Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35%), Staphylococcus aureus (15,5%), Enterococcus faecalis (14%) e Proteus mirabilis (12%). A freqüência de bacilos Gram negativos (enterobactérias e não fermentadores da glicose) isolados foi de 67%. Frente à ciprofloxacina, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa apresentou melhor sensibilidade. Frente à gentamicina, as enterobactérias apresentaram melhor sensibilidade. As linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus e de Enterococcus faecalis mostraram melhor sensibilidade frente ao imipenem e sulfazotrim, respectivamente. Acreditamos que nossos dados possam contribuir para a escolha apropriada de antibióticos quando for considerado o tratamento não cirúrgico da OMCS em pacientes portadores de fissura lábio palatal.Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common condition in patients with unrepaired cleft palate and cleft lip palate. The muscular abnormality leads to auditive tube malfunction which it will not equilibrate the differential air pressure between the middle ear and the nasopharynx. Consequently, it increases the fluid in the middle ear cavity. Effusive samples of CSOM from 40 patients with clef palate and cleft lippalate of the HRAC-USP-Bauru-SP, were studied. After bacterial cultures, the bacteria were isolated and submitted, “in vitro”, at standard susceptibility to drugs of clinical use. Positive cultures were obtained in 100% of studied cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35%), Staphylococcus aureus (15,5%), Enterococcus faecalis (14%) e Proteus mirabilis (12%) were the most frequent bacteria in 57 strains. Gram negative bacilli (enteric Gram negative bacilli and nonfermentative bacilli) were observed in 67% of the samples. Pseudomonas aeruginosa shown better sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, and the enteric Gram negative baciili to gentamicin. Moreover, the S. aureus and also the E. faecalis shown hight sensitivity to imipenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively. This data will contribute to the correct choice of the antibiotic in CSOM patients with cleft palate or clef lip-palate, which the nonsurgical management is the main therapy.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

In vitro susceptibility of oral Candida albicans strains to different pH levels and calcium hydroxide saturated aqueous solution

Candida albicans is present in the oral cavity and in the whole digestive tract of humans and other animals, being frequently related to endodontic treatment failure. The present study determined the incidence of C. albicans in the oral cavity and the susceptibility of isolates to different pH values and saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution at pH 12.5. Sixty-five patients attending the Endodontic Clinic at the Sagrado Coração University participated in the study. The collected samples were cultivated in selective media for C. albicans and the isolates were tested in terms of resistance to both alkaline pH and saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide. In relation to time variables, yeast viability was assessed by the Sabouraud's agar culture and fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide fluorescent staining method. Results from the different pHs and experimental times, including those from different techniques measuring fungal viability, were compared using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (α=0.05). The yeasts became completely inviable after 48 h of contact with the calcium hydroxide solution. On the other hand, when exposed to the alkaline culture broth, the yeasts were found to be viable at pHs 9.5 and 10.5 for up to 7 days. In conclusion, C. albicans can only be completely inhibited by direct contact with saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution after 48 h of exposure

Um consumo sem desperdícios em Portugal: características e motivações

Dissertação de mestrado apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Publicidade e Marketing.Como consequência de uma sociedade extremamente consumista, e em constante crescimento, a humanidade vive em défice ecológico desde a década de 70, consumindo anualmente mais recursos do que aqueles que a Terra consegue regenerar nesse mesmo período. Desde então, e com o desenrolar da Era da Informação, tem-se testemunhado uma crescente consciencialização dos consumidores para esta e outras problemática relacionadas, sobretudo, com o ambiente, bem como o surgimento de um materialismo sustentável. Na prática, estes têm-se traduzido em mudanças comportamentais, novos hábitos de consumo e novos estilos de vida, mais sustentáveis e menos consumistas. O mais recente paradigma de consumo surge inspirado na filosofia Zero Waste, e tem como objetivo principal a redução da produção de desperdícios e resíduos. Sendo este um tipo de consumo relativamente recente, a literatura cientifica sobre o mesmo é praticamente inexistente. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho procurou contribuir para um maior conhecimento sobre este tipo de consumo sustentável, sem desperdícios, em Portugal, identificando as principais características do mesmo e preocupações a si subjacentes, as motivações que estimulam esta prática, e ainda identificar o perfil do consumidor Desperdício Zero português. Pretendendo-se que os resultados refletissem o máximo possível a realidade nacional, esta investigação recorreu a uma metodologia mista, através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e um inquérito por questionário online. A primeira técnica contou com a participação de três especialistas da área, e a segunda foi aplicada a uma amostra de conveniência (N=210), composta apenas por indivíduos que reconhecem praticar, ou procuram praticar, um consumo sem desperdícios. Ao se confrontar os resultados de ambas as técnicas, foi possível identificar uma série de características deste tipo de consumo, novos hábitos que os seus praticantes adotaram na sua vida, e diversas motivações para um consumo Desperdício Zero, sendo que se constatou que os principais estímulos para os consumidores portugueses são de ordem ambiental, social e económica. Foi ainda possível concluir que o perfil deste consumidor se encontra alinhado com outros perfis de consumidores sustentáveis já estudados.ABSTRACT: As a consequence of an extremely consumerist society, and in constant growth, humanity has been living in an ecological deficit since the 1970s, consuming more resources annually than those that the Earth manages to regenerate in the same period. Since then, and with the development of the Information Age, there has been a growing consumer awareness about this and other issues related, mainly, with the environment, as well as the emergence of a sustainable materialism. In practice, these have resulted in behavioral changes, new consumption habits, and new lifestyles, which are more sustainable and less consumerist. The most recent consumption paradigm appears inspired by the Zero Waste philosophy and has as its main objective to reduce the production of waste and residues. This being a relatively recent type of consumption, the scientific literature on it is practically nonexistent. In this sense, the present work sought to contribute to a greater knowledge about this type of sustainable consumption, without waste, in Portugal, identifying the main characteristics of it and the underlying concerns, the motivations that stimulate this practice, and also identifying the profile of the Portuguese Zero Waste consumer. Intending that the results would reflect the national reality as much as possible, this investigation used a mixed methodology, through semi-structured interviews and an online questionnaire survey. The first technique had the participation of three specialists in the field, and the second was applied to a convenience sample (N = 210), composed only by individuals who recognize that they practice, or seek to practice, a consumption without waste. When comparing the results of both techniques, it was possible to identify a series of characteristics of this type of consumption, new habits that its practitioners adopted in their lives, and several motivations for a Zero Waste consumption, having found that the main stimuli for Portuguese consumers they are environmental, social and economic. It was also possible to conclude that the profile of this consumer is aligned with other profiles of sustainable consumers already studied.N/