Assessment of the muscle activity on scoliosis

INTRODUÇÃO: a escoliose é caracterizada por modificação tridimensional incluindo curvatura lateral no plano frontal, rotação lateral no plano transversal e retificação no plano sagital. A mensuração da curva escoliótica é utilizada para acompanhar seu caráter evolutivo e a avaliação do comportamento muscular através da eletromiografia pode ser um importante indicativo da predisposição em relação à progressão da escoliose. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento dos músculos envolvidos na biomecânica da escoliose através do exame de eletromiografia. MÉTODO: realizado estudo em uma voluntária de nove anos de idade portadora de escoliose em dupla curva tóraco-lombar de origem idiopática diagnosticada há seis meses com ângulo de Cobb de 20° nas duas curvaturas, que passou por exame eletromiográfico com avaliação dos músculos: multífidos, longo do tórax e íleo-costal bilateralmente. RESULTADOS: após análise dos valores de RMS (Root Means Square) obtidos durante o repouso em ortostatismo observou-se atividade da musculatura avaliada sendo que esta foi maior no antímero esquerdo, lado da convexidade da curvatura primária. CONCLUSÕES: observou-se assimetria da ativação muscular fato que pode contribuir para a progressão da curvatura escoliótica.INTRODUCTION: scoliosis is characterized by tridimensional modifications consisting of lateral curvature on the frontal plane, lateral rotation on the transverse plane, and rectification on the sagittal plane. Measurement of the scoliotic curve is utilized to follow its evolving character and its muscular behavior, and the assessment performed through the electromyography can be an important indicative of predisposition regarding scoliosis progression. The objective of this study was to assess the behavior of muscles involved in the scoliosis biomechanics through the electromyographic exam. METHODS: to accomplish this present study, a nine years old female subject with idiopathic thoracolumbar "S" scoliosis was evaluated. The patient was diagnosed 6 months prior to the study, and presented Cobb angle of 20º in both curvatures. The electromyographic exam assessed the muscles multifidus, longissimus thoracis, and iliocostalis, bilaterally. RESULTS: after analyzing the RMS (Root Means Square) values obtained during rest orthostatism, it was observed activity of the assessed musculature was greater in the left antimere, in the convex side of the primary curvature. CONCLUSIONS: it was observed muscle activation asymmetry, fact that may contribute to the progression of the scoliotic curvature

Rotation axis of the maxillary molar and maximum tooth movement according to force direction

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the correlation between the maxillary molar rotation center and the direction of the maximum tooth movement according to the force direction using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Methods: Computed tomography of a human tooth was used to build a finite element model, which comprised the cancellous and cortical bones, the periodontal ligament and the tooth. After applying lateral and posterior boundary conditions, a 1 N force was applied to the mesial and lingual faces of the maxillary molar to simulate buccal and distal tipping forces on the tooth. Results: The initial displacement of the maxillary first molar was greater for distal tipping than for buccal tipping. The rotation axis for distal tipping in this simulation was located on the furcation of the first molar. For buccal tipping this axis was on the cervical and middle third of the buccal roots of the maxillary first molar. Conclusions: The applied movement interferes in molars Cres location. Higher molar tipping is expected when distal movement is applied rather than buccal movement thanks to the close distance between Cres and location of the force applied to this movement

Efeito da massoterapia e da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea na dor e atividade eletromiográfica de pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular

This study aimed at assessing the effect of two physical therapy resources in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) – massage therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on masseter and temporal muscles – in view of reducing painful sensitivity response in TMD patients. Twenty female volunteers with myogenous TMD signs and symptoms were randomly divided into two groups (n-10): group 1 was submitted to one session of massage on the face, and group 2 received TENS on the face. Before and after the treatment, volunteers underwent an electromyographic exam in isotonic and isometric contractions of masseter and temporal muscles, and answered the Visual Analog Scale of pain (VAS). Results show that the muscles examined had greater electromyographic activity (p=0.02) after the session in both groups, pointing to improvement in muscle contraction pattern; and a reduction in VAS scores (p<0.01). Both therapeutic resources were thus found to be equally effective in reducing pain sensitivity in TMD patients.Este estudo visou avaliar o efeito de dois recursos fisioterapêuticos para o tratamento da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), a massoterapia e aestimulação nervosa elétrica transcutânea (TENS) nos músculos masseter e temporal, tendo em vista o alívio da sensibilidade dolorosa de pacientes com DTM. Participaram 20 mulheres com sinais e sintomas de DTM miogênica, distribuídas por sorteio em dois grupos (n=10): as do grupo 1 foram submetidas a uma sessão de massoterapia na face, as do grupo 2, a uma sessão de TENS na face. Antes e após o tratamento, as participantes foram avaliadas por exame eletromiográfico em contrações isotônica e isométrica bilateralmente e responderam à Escala Visual Analógica de dor (EVA). Os resultados mostram que os músculos avaliados manifestaram maior atividade eletromiográfica imediatamente após as terapias propostas (p=0,02), demonstrando melhora no padrão de contração muscular, e diminuição dos valores marcados na EVA (p<0,01). Ambos os tratamentos propostos, pois, foram recursos igualmente favoráveis à redução do quadro álgico em voluntárias com DTM

Cross-sectional study of correlation between mandibular incisor crowding and third molars in young Brazilians

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate transversally the clinical correlation between lower incisor crowding and mandible third molar. Study Design: Three hundred healthy volunteers (134 male and 166 female), aged 20.4 (±2.4) years-old were submitted to a complete clinical examination and filled up a questionnaire about gender, age, total teeth number and presence or absence of superior and inferior third molar. After a recent panoramic radiography were evaluated. The multiple logistic regression showed that none of the studied factors influenced the mandibular incisor crowding. Results: The proportion of both molars present or both absent was higher than the other conditions (Chi-square, p.05) the mandibular incisor crowding. Despite the statistical significance, wear orthodontics appliances showed a little correlation (odds ratios < 1.0) in the mandibular incisor crowding. Conclusion: Presence of maxillary and/or mandibular third molars has no relation with the lower incisor crowding

Photoelastic and finite element analyses of occlusal loads in mandibular body

This study proposed to evaluate the mandibular biomechanics in the posterior dentition based on experimental and computational analyses. The analyses were performed on a model of human mandible, which was modeled by epoxy resin for photoelastic analysis and by computer-aided design for finite element analysis. To standardize the evaluation, specific areas were determined at the lateral surface of mandibular body. The photoelastic analysis was configured through a vertical load on the first upper molar and fixed support at the ramus of mandible. The same configuration was used in the computer simulation. Force magnitudes of 50, 100, 150, and 200 N were applied to evaluate the bone stress. The stress results presented similar distribution in both analyses, with the more intense stress being at retromolar area and oblique line and alveolar process at molar level. This study presented the similarity of results in the experimental and computational analyses and, thus, showed the high importance of morphology biomechanical characterization at posterior dentition.This study proposed to evaluate the mandibular biomechanics in the posterior dentition based on experimental and computational analyses. The analyses were performed on a model of human mandible, which was modeled by epoxy resin for photoelastic analysis a2014CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOsem informaçã

Behavior of cervical muscles in individuals with esophageal speech and artificial larynx

PURPOSE: to evaluate by the surface electromyography the behavior of the sternocleidomastoid and cervical paraspinalis muscles, bilaterally in patients who use esofagic and artificial larynx as alternative to talk and to determine if these conditions modify the cervical muscles behavior. METHODS: ten volunteers were evaluated (two women, eight men), with average age: 49. 7 years, with total laryngectomy, average time of postoperative: 2.6 years, with neck movements limitation, divided in two groups: group 1 with five volunteers (artificial larynx); group 2 with five volunteers (esofagic voice); and group 3 control (seven volunteers). RESULTS: there was no significant difference in the muscular activation pattern during phonation in individuals with esofagic voice and the artificial larynx compared to the control group, however, in the rest condition, there was a significant difference comparing the average values of Root Mean Square (RMS) of groups 1 and 2 with group 3, for the right sternocleidomastoid muscle and the right cervical paraspinalis muscles. CONCLUSION: the vocal option did not interfere on the muscular activation pattern during the phonation, as well as there was no difference in the muscular activation pattern comparing the experimental groups with the control group.OBJETIVO: avaliar através da eletromiografia de superfície o comportamento dos músculos esternocleidomastóideo e paraespinhais cervicais bilateralmente em pacientes que se comunicam por meio da fala esofágica e laringe artificial, para determinar se o tipo de voz utilizada altera o comportamento dos músculos cervicais. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados dez voluntários (duas mulheres e oito homens), idade média de 49,7 anos, com laringectomia total, tempo de pós-operatório médio de 2,6 anos, com limitação dos movimentos do pescoço, divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1: cinco voluntários (laringe artificial); grupo 2: cinco voluntários (voz esofágica); grupo 3 controle (sete voluntários). RESULTADOS: na fonação não houve alteração no padrão de ativação muscular dos indivíduos que utilizam a voz esofágica e a laringe artificial, com relação ao grupo controle. No entanto, na condição de repouso houve diferença significativa, comparando-se os valores médios de Root Mean Square dos grupos 1 e 2 com o grupo 3, para o músculo esternocleidomastóideo direito e para os músculos paraespinhais cervicais direito. CONCLUSÃO: o tipo de opção vocal não interferiu no padrão de ativação muscular durante a fonação, bem como não existiu diferença no padrão de ativação muscular na fonação dos voluntários quando comparados a indivíduos sem intercorrências no aparelho fonador.8290Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Enxerto periostal e de hidroxiapatita no tratamento de falha ossea produzida na pre-maxila de ratos

Orientador: Jose Angelo CamilliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: O enxerto ósseo autógeno tem sido freqüentemente usado no tratamento de fendas palatinas e defeitos ósseos no crânio, porém seu volume muitas vezes é insuficiente e o manuseio difícil. Assim sendo, existe o interesse em desenvolver um substituto para este método. No presente trabalho, falhas ósseas foram produzidas cirurgicamente na pré-maxila de ratos e tratados com enxerto periostal e hidroxiapatita. Os 80 ratos foram divididos em quatro grupos: G 1- a falha foi recoberta pelo periósteo da pré-maxila; G2-. a falha foi recoberta com o periósteo da pré-maxila associada a hidroxiapatita;G3- a falha foi recoberta com o periósteo do fêmur associado a hidroxiapatita; G4- a falha foi recoberta com o enxerto periostal livre do fêmur. Posteriormente foram sacrificados após 2, 4, 8 e 16 semanas e a falha foi examinada radiográfica e histologicamente. Espículas radiopacas partindo da margem da falha, foram os primeiros sinais radiográficos de formação óssea, após a quarta e a oitava semanas, em todos os grupos. Pontos radiolucidos no interior do implante foram mais evidentes, nos animais do grupo 3, após a oitava semana. Formação óssea partindo da margem da falha pôde ser vista em todos os grupos. Com oito e 16 semanas, ilhas de osso maduro puderam ser vistas ao redor do implante. A falha recoberta com o periósteo do fêmur apresentou melhor reparo quando comparada com a falha recoberta com o periósteo da pré-maxila, oito e 16 semanas após a cirurgia. Os resultados indicam que o enxerto periostallivre contribuiu para a produção de osso e que o implante de HÁ ofereceu suporte satisfatório para a neoformação ósseaAbstract: Bone regeneration of defects resulting from maxillary alveoIar c1eft, as well as in bone clefts of the palate, is important for the restoration of Iost fonn and function. Autogenous bone grafts have been used to treat these lesions. However, they may be difficult to handle and the amount of availabIe bone is sometimes insufficient. Therefore, there is interest in developing a substitute to autogenous bone grafts. The aim of the present investigation was to study the use of porous hydroxyapatite with free periosteal graft, to repair a defect produced in the premaxillary of rats. A cavity was made in the premaxillary bone of 80 rats, 8 weeks old, using a surgical trephine and a low-speed dental engine as a model of cleft palates. Four groups were made : 1st) treated with the periosteal from the premaxillary; 2nd) treated with porous HA and the periosteal from the premaxillary; 3rd) treated with porous HA and free periosteal graft from the femur; 4th) treated. with only free periosteal graft from the femur. The animals were killed after 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks, and the defect was radiografically and histologically examined. The radiographic study showed no signs of bone fonnation after 2 weeks. The first signs of bone formation appeared after 4 and 8 weeks. The 2nd and 3rd groups, exhibited a large area of radiopacity. After 2 weeks, bone fonnation could be seen around the border of the defects in alI cases. Cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation occurred from the periosteaI grafts. IsIands of mature bone, without fibrous tissue, were seen around of the HA implants, after 16 weeks. The results indicate that free periosteal graft produces bone into to the defect and provide a rigid satisfactory support to the HA implantoMestradoAnatomiaMestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutura

Rotation axis of the maxillary molar and maximum tooth movement according to force direction

Aim: To evaluate the correlation between the maxillary molar rotation center and the direction of the maximum tooth movement according to the force direction using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Methods: Computed tomography of a human tooth was used to build a finite element model, which comprised the cancellous and cortical bones, the periodontal ligament and the tooth. After applying lateral and posterior boundary conditions, a 1 N force was applied to the mesial and lingual faces of the maxillary molar to simulate buccal and distal tipping forces on the tooth. Results: The initial displacement of the maxillary first molar was greater for distal tipping than for buccal tipping. The rotation axis for distal tipping in this simulation was located on the furcation of the first molar. For buccal tipping this axis was on the cervical and middle third of the buccal roots of the maxillary first molar. Conclusions: The applied movement interferes in molars Cres location. Higher molar tipping is expected when distal movement is applied rather than buccal movement thanks to the close distance between Cres and location of the force applied to this movemen

Rotation axis of the maxillary molar and maximum tooth movement according to force direction

evaluate the correlation between the maxillary molar rotation center and the direction of the maximum tooth movement according to the force direction using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Methods: Computed tomography of a human tooth was used to build a finite element model, which comprised the cancellous and cortical bones, the periodontal ligament and the tooth. After applying lateral and posterior boundary conditions, a 1 N force was applied to the mesial and lingual faces of the maxillary molar to simulate buccal and distal tipping forces on the tooth. Results: The initial displacement of the maxillary first molar was greater for distal tipping than for buccal tipping. The rotation axis for distal tipping in this simulation was located on the furcation of the first molar. For buccal tipping this axis was on the cervical and middle third of the buccal roots of the maxillary first molar. Conclusions: The applied movement interferes in molars Cres location. Higher molar tipping is expected when distal movement is applied rather than buccal movement thanks to the close distance between Cres and location of the force applied to this movementAim: To evaluate the correlation between the maxillary molar rotation center and the direction of the maximum tooth movement according to the force direction using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Methods: Computed tomography of a human tooth was used to build a finite element model, which comprised the cancellous and cortical bones, the periodontal ligament and the tooth. After applying lateral and posterior boundary conditions, a 1 N force was applied to the mesial and lingual faces of the maxillary molar to simulate buccal and distal tipping forces on the tooth. Results: The initial displacement of the maxillary first molar was greater for distal tipping than for buccal tipping. The rotation axis for distal tipping in this simulation was located on the furcation of the first molar. For buccal tipping this axis was on the cervical and middle third of the buccal roots of the maxillary first molar. Conclusions: The applied movement interferes in molars Cres location. Higher molar tipping is expected when distal movement is applied rather than buccal movement thanks to the close distance between Cres and location of the force applied to this movement