Método rápido de avaliação do esverdeamento em tubérculos de batata

In potato, both chlorophyll and glycoalkaloids syntheses are light induced, being responsible for the development of greening and a bitter taste in potato tubers, respectively. This work was carried out aiming at identifying a quick method to assess resistance to tuber greening in potato. Tubers of elite-clones, as well as of cultivars Achat (susceptible) and Bintje (resistant) were washed and visually assessed to greening (five-point scale) after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of exposure to light (250 lux). A five-day exposure was enough to place cultivars Bintje (grade 1.0) and Achat (grade 3.0) in distinct classes. However, only after a 20-day exposure, an accurate identification of resistance sources was possible. Principal component analysis was used to group the evaluation dates. However, it did not provide a clear-cut separation of genotypes in classes of resistance to tuber greening. Taking into account the results obtained in each evaluation date, clones CNPH-036 and CNPH-065 (resistant to greening), and clones CNPH-039 and CNPH-063 (moderately, but consistently resistant) were selected. All four clones showed value per se and for breeding. Clones CNPH-009 and CNPH-019 had a variable reaction in time concerning greening and, although having value per se, are not recommended for breeding purposes.Em batata, as sínteses de clorofila e glicoalcalóides são induzidas pela luz, conferindo, respectivamente, esverdeamento e sabor amargo aos tubérculos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar um método rápido para avaliação da resistência ao esverdeamento dos tubérculos de batata. Tubérculos de clones-elite e das cultivares Achat (suscetível) e Bintje (resistente) foram lavados e avaliados visualmente quanto ao esverdeamento (escala de notas de cinco pontos) após 5, 10, 15 e 20 dias de exposição à luz (250 lux). Cinco dias de exposição à luz foram suficientes para separar as cultivares Bintje (nota 1,0) e Achat (nota 3,0) em classes distintas. Porém, foram necessários 20 dias de exposição à luz para identificar com precisão boas fontes de resistência. A análise das épocas de avaliação por meio de componentes principais não proporcionou uma clara separação dos genótipos em classes de resistência ao esverdeamento. Considerando cada leitura, foram selecionados, por seu valor per se e para uso em melhoramento, os clones CNPH-036 e CNPH-065 (resistentes ao esverdeamento) e CNPH-039 e CNPH-063 (de resistência moderada, mas consistente). Os clones CNPH-009 e CNPH-019 mostraram reação variável ao longo do tempo e, por isso, devem ser considerados apenas por seu valor per se

Produtividade e características comerciais de tubérculos de clones e cultivares comerciais de batataYield and marketable characteristics of tubers of clones and cultivars of potato

A batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) é uma importante fonte de alimento por possuir uma elevada eficiência na conversão de luz solar, água e nutrientes em um alimento de alta qualidade. Há necessidade de se realizar em pesquisas que contribuam para o desenvolvimento ou aprimoramento de novos genótipos de batata para atender as exigências de consumidores e produtores. Assim, pesquisas que caracterizem a variação genética existente são importantes para aumentar a eficiência dos programas de melhoramento. O presente trabalho avaliou caracteres da morfologia, desempenho produtivo e resistência pós-colheita ao esverdeamento dos tubérculos de cultivares e clones de batata. O experimento em campo foi conduzido na Embrapa Hortaliças, em Brasília, DF. Com elevada produtividade total (83,5 t ha-1) e comercial (49,0 t ha-1) de tubérculos, o clone 085 destacou-se dentre os clones avaliados. Este clone alia alta produtividade comercial de tubérculos a tubérculos com baixa susceptibilidade ao esverdeamento, ótima uniformidade, bom formato e olhos de profundidade rasa. Assim, o clone 085 torna-se forte candidato a ser lançado como uma nova cultivar ou para ser utilizado em cruzamentos para a seleção de novos clones, combinando qualidade e produtividade.Abstract The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important source of food because its high efficiency to convert sunlight, water and nutrients into high quality food. It is necessary to do researches that contribute to the development or improvement of new potato genotypes to meet demands of consumers and producers. Thus, researches that characterize the existent genetic variation are important for increase the efficiency in breeding programs. This study evaluated morphological characters, yield performance and postharvest resistance to tuber greening in potato cultivars and clones. The field experiment was conducted at Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, DF. With high total (83.5 t ha-1) and marketable (49.0 t ha-1) tuber yield, clone 085 stood out among the evaluated clones. This clone associates high commercial tuber yield with tubers with low susceptibility to greening, good uniformity, good format and shallow depth of eyes. Thus, clone 085 becomes strong candidate to be released as a new cultivar or to be used in crosses for selection of new clones, combining quality and yield

Inoculation of common beans with Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli under field conditions

A utilização de areia como agente abrasivo na inoculação do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) com Xanthomonas campestres pv. phaseoli, em condições de campo, foi altamente satisfatória. Obtiveram-se níveis mínimo e máximo de 28% a 68% das folhas analisadas com sintomas de crestamento bacteriano, comparado a um mínimo de 8% e um máximo de 16% de incidência natural. Os níveis finais de severidade de doença obtidos foram baixos e não se correlacionaram com a produção. A velocidade de progresso da doença a partir da inoculação foi baixa, não havendo diferença entre as cultivares testadas, exceto para a 'Carioca', com menor valor que a “Rio Tibagi”. Utilization of sand blast injury for inoculation of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with Xanthomonas campestris pv.phaseoli under field conditions was shown to be highly satisfactory. Twenty-eight to sixty-eight per cent of the total of leaves analised with common blight were obtained, compared to 8% to 16% of natural incidence. The final disease incidence and severity obtained were low and not correlated to yield. There was no difference among cultivars on the rate of disease progress, except for 'Carioca' with a lower rate than “Rio Tibagi”.

Conformal prediction for frequency-severity modeling

We present a nonparametric model-agnostic framework for building prediction intervals of insurance claims, with finite sample statistical guarantees, extending the technique of split conformal prediction to the domain of two-stage frequency-severity modeling. The effectiveness of the framework is showcased with simulated and real datasets. When the underlying severity model is a random forest, we extend the two-stage split conformal prediction procedure, showing how the out-of-bag mechanism can be leveraged to eliminate the need for a calibration set and to enable the production of prediction intervals with adaptive width

Live-cell FRET imaging reveals clustering of the prion protein at the cell surface induced by infectious prions

Prion diseases are associated to the conversion of the prion protein into a misfolded pathological isoform. The mechanism of propagation of protein misfolding by protein templating remains largely unknown. Neuroblastoma cells were transfected with constructs of the prion protein fused to both CFP-GPI-anchored and to YFP-GPI-anchored and directed to its cell membrane location. Live-cell FRET imaging between the prion protein fused to CFP or YFP was measured giving consistent values of 10 +/- 2%. This result was confirmed by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and indicates intermolecular interactions between neighbor prion proteins. In particular, considering that a maximum FRET efficiency of 17 +/- 2% was determined from a positive control consisting of a fusion CFP-YFP-GPI-anchored. A stable cell clone expressing the two fusions containing the prion protein was also selected to minimize cell-to-cell variability. In both, stable and transiently transfected cells, the FRET efficiency consistently increased in the presence of infectious prions - from 4 +/- 1% to 7 +/- 1% in the stable clone and from 10 +/- 2% to 16 +/- 1% in transiently transfected cells. These results clearly reflect an increased clustering of the prion protein on the membrane in the presence of infectious prions, which was not observed in negative control using constructs without the prion protein and upon addition of non-infected brain. Our data corroborates the recent view that the primary site for prion conversion is the cell membrane. Since our fluorescent cell clone is not susceptible to propagate infectivity, we hypothesize that the initial event of prion infectivity might be the clustering of the GPI-anchored prion protein. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal [PTDC/QUI-BIQ/119677/2010, PTDC/CTM-NAN/2700/2012]; FCT [PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2011, SFRH/BD/48664/2008, SFRH/BPD/64932/2009]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Scapular dynamic muscular stiffness assessed through myotonometry: a narrative review

Several tools have been used to assess muscular stiffness. Myotonometry stands out as an accessible, handheld, and easy to use tool. The purpose of this review was to summarize the psychometric properties and methodological considerations of myotonometry and its applicability in assessing scapular muscles. Myotonometry seems to be a reliable method to assess several muscles stiffness, as trapezius. This method has been demonstrated fair to moderate correlation with passive stiffness measured by shear wave elastography for several muscles, as well as with level of muscle contraction, pinch and muscle strength, Action Research Arm Test score and muscle or subcutaneous thickness. Myotonometry can detect scapular muscles stiffness differences between pre- and post-intervention in painful conditions and, sometimes, between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Physicochemical quality evaluation of acetylsalicylic acid tablets distributed by a basic pharmacy

The present paper aims to investigate the physicochemical quality of pharmaceutical drugs acquired and distributed by the Basic Pharmacy of the city of Cascavel-Paraná State. During the period between June 2004 and March 2006, samples of eight batches of acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg produced by two laboratories were analyzed. Following the techniques and specifications established by official compendiums, physicochemical tests of disintegration, dissolution, hardness, friability, uniformity of mass, content and limit of free acetylsalicylic acid were carried out. All the analyzed products presented quality deviations. All the six batches produced by one of the laboratories failed in the punctual dissolution test. The dissolution profile test confirmed such results, showing that these six batches cannot be considered equivalent to the branded drug.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Setor de software : diagnóstico e proposta de ação para o BNDES

Bibliografia: p. 126-127Uma das mais importantes características da tecnologia da informação, da qual o software é parte essencial, é que ela lida com o conhecimento, que pode ser reduzido a forma digital, armazenado em computadores e difundido mais rapidamente. São características desta indústria: a alta velocidade na introdução de inovações técnicas e o contínuo desenvolvimento de produtos; a competição acirrada; o baixo investimento em capital fixo; e a capacidade criativa e intelectual da mão-de-obra, que é o seu grande ativo. No Brasil, o setor produtor de software ainda é pouco conhecido, sem estatísticas consistentes, devido, em boa medida, ao fato de ter um desenvolvimento recente, com maciça participação de pequenas empresas e com o mesmo elevado grau de segmentação verificado internacionalmente. Por outro lado, dada a sua elevada contribuição a modernização da sociedade, é um segmento que apresenta tendência de expressivo crescimento, sendo que, para 1997, estima-se uma taxa da ordem de 40% em relação a 1996. atuação do BNDES no setor é praticamente inexistente, por carecer de um instrumento operacional adequado às peculiaridades das empresas, seja pelas características de suas operações de capital de risco, seja pelas garantias exigidas nos financiamentos ou mesmo pelo desinteresse dos agentes financeiros por estas empresas. Por outro lado, reconhece-se que este é um setor de grande importância para o desenvolvimento do país e que, por isso, requer atenção especial

Scapular motor control and upper limb movement quality in subjects with and without chronic shoulder pain

Despite the existence of several studies about the scapula’s position and motion, in shoulder pain conditions, there are still conflicting findings regarding scapular adaptations and reduced research about the scapula’s role during functional tasks. The present study aimed to compare scapular-related kinematic and electromyographic outcomes during different shoulder movements (with and without load) and the drinking task, between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Forty subjects (divided into two groups) participated in this cross-sectional observational study. Scapulothoracic motion, scapulohumeral rhythm, and movement quality (considering trunk compensation, time-to-peak acceleration, and smoothness), as well as the relative surface electromyographic activity and muscle ratio considering the trapezius, serratus anterior, and levator scapulae (LS), were assessed. The symptomatic group presented the following: (1) changes in scapular upward rotation (p = 0.008) and winging (p = 0.026 and p = 0.005) during backward transport and drink phases; (2) increased muscle activity level of the middle trapezius (MT) in all tasks (p < 0.0001 to p = 0.039), of LS during shoulder elevation with load (p = 0.007), and of LS and LT during most of the drinking task phases (p = 0.007 to p = 0.043 and p < 0.0001 to p = 0.014, respectively); (3) a decreased serratus anterior lower portion activity level (SAlow) during shoulder lowering with load (p = 0.030) and drink phase (p = 0.047); and (4) an increased muscular ratio between scapular abductors/adductors (p = 0.005 to p = 0.036) and elevators/depressors (p = 0.008 to p = 0.028). Compared to asymptomatic subjects, subjects with chronic shoulder pain presented scapular upward rotation and winging adaptations; increased activity levels of MT, LT, and LS; decreased activity levels of SAlow; and increased scapular muscle ratios.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio