20 research outputs found

    EficiĂȘncia de atrativos alimentares no monitoramento de Zaprionus indianus (Diptera:Drosophilidae) em pomar de goiaba.

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    O uso de atrativos alimentares em armadilhas frasco caça mosca é uma alternativa de baixo custo e eficiente para o monitoramento populacional de insetos pragas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de atrativos alimentares, no monitoramento populacional de Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) em pomar de goiaba (Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae). Conduzido em pomar de goiaba, no Setor de Fruticultura do Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 18 de março a 17 de junho de 2009. Garrafas pet. de 600 ml, foram utilizadas como armadilhas. Sucos de butiå (Butia capitata: Aracaceae) e de goiaba foram utilizados como atrativos alimentares. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos à anålise estatística. Calda de butiå e ågua (20%+80%) apresentou os maiores níveis de captura. A utilização de atrativos alimentares aliado ao manejo de restos culturais atua de maneira supressora a dispersão de Z. indianus para pomares de figo

    BIOECOLOGIA DE Oncideres cervina (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) EM CANELA-GUAICÁ (Ocotea puberula: Lauraceae) NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL

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    http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509818466The insect fauna knowledge of forest ecosystems have their importance in relation to damage caused by their different segments. The bioecology of the Oncideres cervina (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Ocotea puberula (Lauraceae) was studied in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. In 49 cut twigs were analyzed the cutoff frequency, the diameter of cut twigs and sections, twig length, posture incisions frequency, adult emergence, exit orifice size, length and volume of the larvae gallery of this species. The cut twigs period extends from February to March and this species is fit as thick cutter twigs. The incisions posture number is variable, but the highest concentration is found on sections 20 to 40 cm from the cut, with an average value of 11 incisions. Two hundred adults emerged from 27 twigs, with the most emergent on the first half of December. In order to complete its development, this species requires less wood volume if compared to other twig girdlers species.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509818466O conhecimento da entomofauna dos ecossistemas florestais tem sua importĂąncia no que se refere aos danos provocados pelos seus diferentes segmentos. Estudou-se a bioecologia do serrador Oncideres cervina (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), em Ocotea puberula (Lauraceae), na regiĂŁo central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em 49 galhos cortados foram analisados a frequĂȘncia de corte, o diĂąmetro de galhos no corte e secçÔes, comprimento de galhos, frequĂȘncia de incisĂ”es de postura, emergĂȘncia de adultos, tamanho do orifĂ­cio de saĂ­da, comprimento e volume da galeria larval desta espĂ©cie. O perĂ­odo de corte de galhos se estende de fevereiro a março e esta espĂ©cie se enquadra como cortadora de galhos grossos. O nĂșmero de incisĂ”es de postura Ă© variĂĄvel, porĂ©m, a maior concentração Ă© encontrada nas secçÔes de 20 a 40 cm a partir do corte, com valor mĂ©dio de 11 incisĂ”es. Duzentos adultos emergiram de 27 galhos, com pico de emergĂȘncia na primeira quinzena de dezembro. Para completar o seu desenvolvimento, esta espĂ©cie requer menor volume de madeira se comparada a outras espĂ©cies de serrador

    Semivariogram models for estimating fig fly population density throughout the year

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar modelos de semivariogramas para estimar a densidade populacional da mosca‑do‑figo (Zaprionus indianus; Diptera: Drosophilidae) ao longo do ano, com uso da krigagem ordinĂĄria. Dezenove locais de monitoramento foram demarcados em ĂĄrea de 8.200 m2, cultivada com seis espĂ©cies de frutĂ­feras: caquizeiro, citros, figueira, goiabeira, macieira e pessegueiro. Durante um perĂ­odo de 24 meses, foram realizadas 106 avaliaçÔes semanais nesses locais. O nĂșmero mĂ©dio de moscas‑do‑figo capturadas semanalmente por armadilha, por mĂȘs, foi submetido aos modelos de semivariogramas circular, esfĂ©rico, pentaesfĂ©rico, exponencial, gaussiano, quadrĂĄtico racional, seno cardinal, K‑Bessel, J‑Bessel e estĂĄvel, por meio de interpolação por krigagem ordinĂĄria. Os modelos com melhor ajuste foram selecionados a partir da validação cruzada. Cada conjunto de dados (meses) tem uma estrutura de dependĂȘncia espacial especĂ­fica, o que torna necessĂĄrio definir modelos especĂ­ficos de semivariogramas para melhorar o ajuste ao semivariograma experimental. Portanto, nĂŁo foi possĂ­vel definir um modelo padrĂŁo de semivariograma; ao invĂ©s disso, seis modelos teĂłricos foram selecionados: circular, gaussiano, seno cardinal, K‑Bessel, J‑Bessel e estĂĄvel.The objective of this work was to select semivariogram models to estimate the population density of fig fly (Zaprionus indianus; Diptera: Drosophilidae) throughout the year, using ordinary kriging. Nineteen monitoring sites were demarcated in an area of 8,200 m2, cropped with six fruit tree species: persimmon, citrus, fig, guava, apple, and peach. During a 24 month period, 106 weekly evaluations were done in these sites. The average number of adult fig flies captured weekly per trap, during each month, was subjected to the circular, spherical, pentaspherical, exponential, Gaussian, rational quadratic, hole effect, K‑Bessel, J‑Bessel, and stable semivariogram models, using ordinary kriging interpolation. The models with the best fit were selected by cross‑validation. Each data set (months) has a particular spatial dependence structure, which makes it necessary to define specific models of semivariograms in order to enhance the adjustment to the experimental semivariogram. Therefore, it was not possible to determine a standard semivariogram model; instead, six theoretical models were selected: circular, Gaussian, hole effect, K‑Bessel, J‑Bessel, and stable

    Attractive solutions for monitoring Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) populations in fig orchard

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    The fig fly (Zaprionus indianus) is one of the major fig pests in Brazil, being its monitoring important for reducing the use of chemical insecticides. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of attractive food for Z. indianus, in fig orchard. The experiment was installed in a domestic fig ('Roxo de Valinhos' cultivar) orchard, using five treatments (fig juice at 50%, sugarcane molasses at 7% and grape juice at 30%, 40% and 50%), with five replicates, in a completely randomized design. A total of 3,284 adult fig flies (1,983 female and 1,301 male) were captured, representing 42% of the total insects and 62% of the drosophilids captured. The proportion of males and females was similar for all attractive solutions. Fig juice at 50% was effective in capturing the fig fly, being recommended for its monitoring in domestic orchards. Sugarcane molasses at 7%, despite its effectiveness, did not present regularity in fig fly capturing, being only indicated for periods of less than 28 days. At the concentrations tested, the grape juice was not effective

    Use of isolated fungicides for the control of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybean

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    The occurrence of diseases in soybean crop has negatively affected its development and caused significant losses in productivity. Among the diseases, Asian rust caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow stands out because of its high severity. As a way of controlling, chemical fungicides is a tool used to mitigate the damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different isolated fungicides in the control of Asian rust. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of ​​the University of Cruz Alta in the state of Rio Grande do Sul with a randomized block design and four replications. The cultivar used was BMX Ativa, and the fungicide applications occurred before the interline closure and later with 15 days of interval between applications. The fungicides tested in the experiment were: metominostrobin + tebuconazole, piraclostrobin + fluxpyroxade, picoxystrobin + cyproconazole, Azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupir, picoxystrobin + benzovindiflupir, Trifloxystrobin + protioconazole, Pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole + fluxpyroxade, Bixafen + protioconazole + Trifloxystrobin, Mancozebe + picoxystrobin + tebuconazole and control. The variables analyzed were yield kg ha-1, weight of one thousand seeds and disease severity. The fungicides Mancozebe + picoxystrobin + tebuconazole and bixafen + protioconazole + trifloxystrobin showed the highest yield, one thousand grain weight and lower severity of Asian soybean rust

    Densidade populacional de Tibraca limbativentris em arroz irrigado por inundação e plantas hospedeiras alternativas

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    The objective of this work were to evaluate the population dynamics of the rice stem bug (Tibraca limbativentris) around and in flood irrigated rice cultivation area, to quantify the insect population flow between crops and host plants, and to determine the effect of the species, the diameter of the plant, and the distance of the host plant from the border on the rice stem bug population. The work was conducted in the 2012/2013 harvest and in the off-season, with sampling of rice, Andropogom bicornis, and Andropogon lateralis plants in six cultivated areas, in order to count the number of insects. The population density of the rice stem bug in irrigated rice and alternative host plants presents spatial and temporal dependence. In the cultivated areas, the population density of the rice stem bug increases according to the evolution of the rice phenological stages, with the highest densities concentrated in regions close to the crop borders. The diameter and species of the host plant affect the rice stem bug population. Andropogon bicornis plants have higher population densities than A. lateralis, and plants with larger diameters show higher population densities of the rice stem bug. In the off-season, the greatest population of the rice stem bug on host plants is concentrated up to 45 m from the crop border, but it can disperse until 150 m. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinĂąmica populacional do percevejo-do-colmo (Tibraca limbativentris) no entorno e na ĂĄrea de cultivo de arroz irrigado por inundação, quantificar o fluxo populacional do percevejo entre lavouras e plantas hospedeiras, e determinar a influĂȘncia da espĂ©cie, do diĂąmetro da planta e da distĂąncia da planta hospedeira da bordadura sobre a população do percevejo-do-colmo. O trabalho foi conduzido na safra 2012/2013 e na entressafra, com amostragem de plantas de arroz, Andropogom bicornis e A. lateralis em seis ĂĄreas de cultivo, para a contagem do nĂșmero de insetos. A densidade populacional do percevejo-do-colmo em arroz irrigado e plantas hospedeiras alternativas apresenta dependĂȘncia espacial e temporal. Nas ĂĄreas de cultivo, a densidade populacional do percevejo-do-colmo aumenta de acordo com a evolução dos estĂĄdios fenolĂłgicos do arroz, com as maiores densidades concentradas em regiĂ”es prĂłximas Ă s suas bordaduras. O diĂąmetro e a espĂ©cie da planta hospedeira influenciam a população do percevejo-do-colmo. Andropogon bicornis apresenta maiores densidades populacionais que A. lateralis e plantas com maiores diĂąmetros apresentam maiores densidades populacionais do percevejo-do-colmo. Durante a entressafra, a maior população do inseto em plantas hospedeiras se concentra atĂ© 45 m da bordadura, mas Ă© capaz de se dispersar atĂ© 150 m

    Alternativas ao paraquat para o controle químico de azevém, aveia e buva

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    With the banning of paraquat, it is necessary to plan for the use of alternative herbicides in the desiccation of weeds. In this sense, herbicides such as glufosinate, saflufenacil, diquat, glyphosate, clethodim are highlighted in different mixtures. Glufosinate, especially in mixtures, is believed to be effective in controlling Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), Avena fatua (wild oat) and/or Conyza sumatrensis (Sumatran fleabane). The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of glufosinate alone, or in mixtures, in the control of Italian ryegrass, wild oat and Sumatran fleabane, as an alternative to paraquat. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area located in the city of Cruz Alta, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, in November 2020. A completely randomized design was used, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the application of glufosinate, saflufenacil, diquat, glyphosate and clethodim, alone or in combinations. The control of Italian ryegrass, wild oat and Sumatran fleabane was evaluated at 7, 14, and 28 days after application. Glufosinate at mixtures was effective in controlling weeds, being almost always superior to that observed for diquat alone or in mixtures. To achieve the same efficacy of the mixtures, the rate of glufosinate must be at least 700 g a.i. ha-1. The application of glufosinate (400 g a.i. ha-1) in mixtures with saflufenacil, glyphosate and clethodim was effective in controlling Italian ryegrass, wild oat and Sumatran fleabane. The alone application of glufosinate proved to be effective in controlling all weeds at the maximum applied dose (700 g a.i. ha-1). Glufosinate, alone or in mixtures, is thus characterized as an alternative to paraquat in the control of weeds.Com o banimento do paraquat, Ă© necessĂĄrio planejar o uso de herbicidas alternativos na dessecação de plantas daninhas. Neste sentido desatacam-se herbicidas como glufosinate, saflufenacil, diquat, glyphosate, clethodim, em diferentes associaçÔes. Acredita-se que o glufosinate, sobretudo em associaçÔes, seja eficaz no controle de Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum (azevĂ©m), Avena fatua (aveia) e/ou Conyza sumatrensis (buva). Objetivou-se avaliar a eficĂĄcia de glufosinate isolado, ou em associaçÔes, no controle de azevĂ©m, aveia e buva, como alternativa ao paraquat. O experimento foi conduzido em ĂĄrea experimental  localizada no municĂ­pio de Cruz Alta, estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, em novembro de 2020. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetiçÔes. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela aplicação de glufosinate, saflufenacil, diquat, glyphosate e clethodim, isolados ou em associaçÔes. Foi avaliado o controle de azevĂ©m, aveia e buva, aos 7, 14 e 28 dias apĂłs aplicação. O glufosinate em associaçÔes foi eficaz no controle das plantas daninhas, sendo quase sempre superior ao observado para diquat isolado ou em misturas. Para se antingir a mesma eficĂĄcia das associaçÔes, a dose de glufosinate deve ser de no mĂ­nimo 700 g i.a. ha-1. A aplicação de glufosinate (400 g i.a. ha-1) em associaçÔes com saflufenacil, glyphosate e clethodim foi eficaz no controle de azevĂ©m, aveia e buva. A aplicação isolada de glufosinate se mostrou eficaz no controle de todas as plantas daninhas na dose mĂĄxima aplicada (700 g i.a. ha-1). O glufosinate, isolado ou em associaçÔes, caracteriza-se assim alternativa ao paraquat no controle de plantas daninhas

    Occurrence of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Agudo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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    This work has the first record of Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) found in the rural area of Agudo in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The adults were first found in plums (Prunus salicina Lindl). Subsequently it was found in mature figs (Ficus carica L.) in two orchards. In the first orchard about 80% of the collected figs were infested by Z. indianus. In the second orchard, 50% of the figs cv. “Pingo de mel” and 80% of the figs of cv. “Roxo de Valinhos” were infested. On these collected figs a total of 1364 adult insects emerged. Figs of cultivar “Roxo de Valinhos” had higher adult emergence number. Besides being present in residues of the figs, Z. indianus was observed flying over debris from Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham), Cucumis melo L., Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. and Vitis vinifera L., associated with other Drosophilidae. These findings indicate that measures for monitoring and pest control should be adopted in the county to ensure high quality figsEste trabalho faz menção ao primeiro registro de Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) encontrado na zona rural do municĂ­pio de Agudo, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os adultos da mosca foram encontrados primeiramente em frutos de ameixa (Prunus salicina Lindl) posteriormente em figos maduros (Ficus carica L.) em dois pomares. No primeiro pomar cerca de 80% dos figos coletados apresentaram ataque de Z. indianus e, no segundo pomar 50% dos figos da cv. “Pingo de mel” e 80% da variedade “Roxo de Valinhos” foram infestados. No perĂ­odo correspondente a emergĂȘncia dos adultos, coletou-se um total de 1364 indivĂ­duos. Os figos da cv “Roxo de Valinhos” apresentaram maior emergĂȘncia de adultos. AlĂ©m de estar presente em restos culturais de figo, Z. indianus foi visualizada sobrevoando restos culturais de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.), Cucumis melo L., Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. e Vitis vinifera L., associada a outros drosofilĂ­deos. Ressalta-se que medidas de monitoramento e controle da praga deverĂŁo ser adotadas no municĂ­pio para garantir figos de alta qualidade e sadios

    Pentatomids associated with blackberry

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    Information concerning the presence of stink bugs in blackberry (Rubus spp.) in Brazil is sparse. This study aimed to identify the stink bug species associated with blackberry, to establish the daily dynamics and evaluate the fruits damage. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in blackberry orchard. Presence and evaluations of stink bugs were done weekly through visual and sweeping samplings at different day times. Five species of pentatomids were identified: Piezodorus guildinii, Nezara viridula, Euschistus heros, Dichelops furcatus and Edessa meditabunda. The bugs attack the drupelets producing a dark brown spot and wrinkled berries
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