Improvement of messages delivery time on vehicular delay-tolerant networks

“Copyright © [2009] IEEE. Reprinted from International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops ICPPW '09.ISSN:1530-2016. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs [email protected]. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.”Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) are an application of the Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) concept, where the movement of vehicles and their message relaying service is used to enable network connectivity under unreliable conditions. To address the problem of intermittent connectivity, long-term message storage is combined with routing schemes that replicate messages at transfer opportunities. However, these strategies can be inefficient in terms of network resource usage. Therefore, efficient scheduling and dropping policies are necessary to improve the overall network performance. This work presents a performance analysis, based on simulation, of the impact of different scheduling and dropping policies enforced on Epidemic and Spray and Wait routing schemes. This paper evaluates these policies from the perspective of their efficiency in reducing the message’s end-to-end delay. In our scenario, it is shown that when these policies are based on the message’s lifetime criteria, the message average delay decreases significantly and the overall message delivery probability also increases for both routing protocols. Further simulations show that these results outperform the MaxProp and PRoPHET routing protocols that have their own scheduling and dropping mechanisms.Part of this work has been supported by Instituto de Telecomunicações, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group, Portugal, in the framework of the VDTN@Lab Project, and by the Euro-NF Network of Excellence from the Seventh Framework Programme of EU

Crescimento e qualidade da carcaça de suinos Landrace X Large White submetidos a acabamento intensivo até elevado peso de abate

Ao longo dos últimos anos, em muitos países, e como já é habitual em Itália, o peso vivo de abate de suínos tem registado um progressivo aumento, o que tem sido possível devido ao melhoramento genético de raças industriais, com potencial para produzir mais carne magra. Utilizaram-se 30 suínos, F1 cruzados de Landrace x Large White, castrados, submetidos a acabamento intensivo com alimento composto (Energia Bruta 3833 kcal / kg MS), distribuído ad libitum, até um peso elevado ao abate (90-160 kg de PV). Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo dos animais, espessura da gordura e profundidade do Longissimus dorsi, in vivo, e peso de carcaça. Os animais foram pesados semanalmente e a ingestão de alimento controlada, individual e diariamente, permitindo calcular os GMD e IC. Efetuaram-se diversas medições, in vivo, da espessura da gordura (P1 - linha média da última vertebra torácica, P2 - a 6 cm da linha média ao nível da última vertebra torácica e P3 - linha média da última vertebra lombar) e da profundidade do Longissimus dorsi, por ultra-sonografia, aos 90, 120 e 160 kg PV. Os animais foram abatidos em matadouro experimental, registando-se o peso de carcaça, a quente e a frio (24 h post mortem), bem como o total das gorduras rejeitadas e miudezas. Os GMD dos animais foram de 828,3 ± 110,3 g e de 673,1 ± 112,2 g, nos períodos 90-120 kg e 120- 160 kg, respetivamente, o que representa um decréscimo de 19% do GMD, entre os períodos considerados. Nos mesmos períodos, os IC foram de 4,27 ± 0,32 e de 4,99 ± 0,49, representando um incremento de 17%. O consumo médio de alimento foi de 3,34 kg / dia. Para as três medições de espessura da gordura efetuadas e da profundidade do Longissimus dorsi, registou-se um crescimento constante ao longo do ensaio, no total de 1,1 cm, e de 1,2 cm, respetivamente. Observou-se apenas uma diferenciação do crescimento do P2, menos acentuado entre os 90 e os 120 kg, mas recuperando, no período 120-160 Kg. Os pesos médios da carcaça, a quente e a frio, foram respectivamente 132,1 Kg e 130 kg, representando 82,4% e 81% do peso vivo ao abate. Obteve-se um peso médio da perna (com chispe) de 19 kg. Os resultados obtidos indiciam uma possível utilização deste cruzamento na produção de suínos em sistema intensivo com objetivo de produção de pernas para presunto e com aproveitamento das restantes peças cárneas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluating simulated annealing algorithms in the optimization of bacterial strains

In this work, a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is proposed for a Metabolic Engineering task: the optimization of the set of gene deletions to apply to a microbial strain to achieve a desired production goal. Each mutant strain is evaluated by simulating its phenotype using the Flux-Balance Analysis approach, under the premise that microorganisms have maximized their growth along natural evolution. A set based representation is used in the SA to encode variable sized solutions, enabling the automatic discovery of the ideal number of gene deletions. The approach was compared to the use of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) to solve the same task. Two case studies are presented considering the production of succinic and lactic acid as the target, with the bacterium E. coli. The variable sized SA seems to be the best alternative, outperforming the EAs, showing a fast convergence and low variability among the several runs and also enabing the automatic discovery of the ideal number of knockouts.FEDER.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) - POSC/EIA/59899/2004

Shear-induced lamellar ionic liquid-crystal foam

n a recent paper we reported an experimental study of two N-alkylimidazolium salts. These ionic compounds exhibit liquid crystalline behaviour with melting points above 50 degrees C in bulk. However, if they are sheared, a (possibly non-equilibrium) lamellar phase forms at room temperature. Upon shearing a thin film of the material between microscope slides, textures were observed that are strikingly similar to liquid (wet) foams. The images obtained from polarising optical microscopy (POM) were found to share many of the known quantitative properties of a two-dimensional foam coarsening process. Here we report an experimental study of this foam using a shearing system coupled with POM. The structure and evolution of the foam are investigated through the image analysis of time sequences of micrographs obtained for well-controlled sets of physical parameters (sample thickness, shear rate and temperature). In particular, we find that there is a threshold shear rate below which no foam can form. Above this threshold, a steady-state foam pattern is obtained where the mean cell area generally decreases with increasing shear rate. Furthermore, the steady-state internal cell angles and distribution of the cell number of sides deviate from their equilibrium (i.e. zero-shear) values

Perioperative Challenges of Heroin Addiction: A Case Report of Opioid-Free Anesthesia in Tongue Carcinoma Excision With Free-Flap Reconstruction

Anesthesia for major head and neck surgery is historically heavily reliant on opioids with deleterious consequences. We reported a case of a patient with a history of heroin abuse submitted to a tongue carcinoma excision, followed by free-flap reconstruction under opioid-free anesthesia. We used a propofol total intravenous anesthesia and perfusions of ketamine, dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, and magnesium sulfate for analgesia, complemented by boluses of dexamethasone, acetaminophen, parecoxib, and metamizole. Hemodynamic needs of the procedure were addressed by titrating perfusions of sodium nitroprusside or dobutamine. The patient was weaned from the ventilator at the end of the surgery. Surgical outcomes were achieved and opioid-free analgesia allowed early reestablishment of bodily functions without compromise of adequate pain control. Anesthesia protocols for free-flap surgery still lack scientific evidence, especially in the context of substance abuse: opioid-sparing approaches seem a viable option, which requires further studies and familiarity by health care professionalsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

From chickpea and lupin as dairy alternatives

Funding text This work was supported by the FCT Project PTDC/BAA-AGR/28370/2017: “Bebida de proteína vegetal a partir de leguminosas europeias com potencial bioativo”; and also through the research unit UID/AGR/04129/2020 – LEAF.Consumption of plant based products as dairy alternatives is increasing steeply. This diet transition can only be achieved if these products keep the nutritional value and meet consumer's sensory acceptance. This work aimed to evaluate the decrease of the “beany” flavour and of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose contents in EU pulse beveragés production, and also the best lactic fermentation conditions of the beverages, towards chickpea- and lupin-based yoghurts, with rheology properties similar to the commercial soy yoghurts. The reduction of “beany” volatile compounds of chickpea and lupin beverages during processing was confirmed through GC–MS analysis. Soaking and cooking processes were effective in removing flatulence sugars with almost 48% loss from the initial content in lupin beverage. The fermentation conditions at 40 °C, 12 h and 2% (w/v) of starter concentration evidenced the best viscoelastic structure and flow properties. The lupin yoghurt-type showed a similar gel structure to commercial soy yoghurt. © 2022publishersversionpublishe

Portuguese and Brazilian stock market integration : a non-linear and detrended approach

Besides the historical heritage that Portugal and Brazil share, the last two decades have also shown an increase in some economic indicators, such as the percentage of imports/exports and foreign direct investment. In order to take advantage of all the benefits, the countries should increase economic integration, stock market integration being one of the possibilities. In this context, this paper analyses stock market integration between these two countries, using non-linear methodologies: detrended fluctuation analysis, detrended cross-correlation analysis and detrended moving-average cross-correlation analysis. Using the main stock indexes, and splitting the sample in six different periods, the main conclusion is that integration between these two countries increased over time. However, since 2013, the integration pattern has decreased, with the economic crisis both countries suffered being the main factor.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio