Biologia de reprodução de Annonaceae em Matas do Brasil Central

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Observações sobre a fenologia e biologia reprodutiva foram feitas para três espécies de Annonaceae de um remanescente de mata mesófila em Uberlândia-MG

ANÁLISIS CUANTITATIVO SOBRE GRAVIDEZ EN LA ADOLESCENCIA EN UN MUNICIPIO DE MINAS GERAIS

E studio c uantitativo y d escriptivo c uyafinalidad fue verificar frecuencia, causas y consecuenciasde la gravidez en la adolescencia. Fueron entrevistadas 104adolescentes registradas en el Sistema de Informacionessobre N acidos V ivos e n 2 010, q ue s e e ncontrabanen la franja etaria de los 15 a los 21 años; la mayoríapresentava baja escolaridad; 60% no trabajaban; todasrealizaron prenatal; fueron observadas alteraciones en elestado conyugal después de la gestación y aumento en elconocimiento y uso de los métodos anticonceptivos; 74%no planeaban la gravidez; relataron cambios después dela gravidez como mayor responsabilidad (26%) y pérdidade libertad (23%). Se concluye que es necesaria unaaproximación con las adolescentes para aclarar dudas,libertarse de prejuicios, realizar asistencia holística conorientaciones objetivas, correctas y claras, respetandocreencias y individualidades.Estudo quantitativo e descritivo, que objetivou verificar frequência, causas e consequências dagravidez na adolescência. Foram entrevistadas 104 adolescentes cadastradas no Sistema de Informações sobreNascidos Vivos em 2010, que se encontravam na faixa etária dos 15 aos 21 anos; a maioria apresentava baixaescolaridade; 60% não trabalhavam; todas realizaram pré-natal; foram observadas alterações no estado conjugalapós a gestação e aumento no conhecimento e uso dos métodos contraceptivos; 74% não planejaram a gravidez;relataram mudanças após a gravidez como maior responsabilidade (26%) e perda da liberdade (23%). Concluiuseser necessária a aproximação com as adolescentes para esclarecer dúvidas, desprender-se de preconceitos,realizar assistência holística com orientações objetivas, corretas e claras, respeitando crenças e individualidades.This quantitative and descriptive study aimedto assess the frequency, causes, and consequences ofpregnancy in adolescence. Interviews were held with104 adolescents registered on the Live Births InformationSystem in 2010, who were in the age range of 15 – 21years old; the majority had low educational levels; 60%were not working; all attended prenatal care; changeswere observed in their conjugal status after the pregnancy,as was increase in their knowledge and use of methodsof contraception; 74% did not plan the pregnancy; andthey reported changes following the pregnancy such asgreater responsibility (26%) and loss of freedom (23%). Itis concluded that it is necessary to become closer to theadolescents so as to clarify doubts, to break away fromone’s own prejudices, and to provide holistic care withobjective, correct and clear guidance, respecting beliefsand individuality

Polinização e biologia reprodutiva de Araticum-liso (Annona coriacea Mart.: Annonaceae) em uma área de cerrado paulista: implicações para fruticultura

Anonáceas, em geral, são espécies cantarófilas e altamente especializadas, apresentando pétalas espessas, carnosas e nutritivas que formam uma câmara floral com ocorrência de termogênege. Este estudo objetivou verificar os efetivos polinizadores e sistema reprodutivo prevalente em A. coriacea. Flores foram marcadas e acompanhadas durante períodos do dia e da noite para verificar os polinizadores legítimos. Tratamentos de polinização manual foram realizados para determinar o sistema reprodutivo. Besouros escarabeídeos Cyclocephala atricapilla e Cyclocephala quatuordecimpunctata (Dynastinae) foram atraídos pelo odor emitido pelas flores no início da noite já contendo pólen em seus corpos e penetraram na câmara floral, onde permaneceram por até 48h alimentando-se das pétalas e de pólen, copulando, e ao tocarem nos estigmas receptivos, depositaram pólen. Posteriormente, flores em fase masculina liberaram pólen que novamente sujou o corpo dos besouros e, com a queda da flor, voaram para outra flor recém-aberta e em fase feminina, iniciando novo ciclo de polinização. A. coriacea é uma espécie autocompatível e Cyclocephala foram polinizadores muito eficientes

Beetle pollination and flowering rhythm of Annona coriacea Mart. (Annonaceae) in Brazilian cerrado: Behavioral features of its principal pollinators.

The conservation and sustainable management of Annona coriacea requires knowledge of its floral and reproductive biology, and of its main pollinators and their life cycles. In this work, we analyzed these aspects in detail. Floral biology was assessed by observing flowers from the beginning of anthesis to senescence. The visiting hours and behavior of floral visitors in the floral chamber were recorded, as were the sites of oviposition. Excavations were undertaken around specimens of A. coriacea to determine the location of immature pollinators. Anthesis was nocturnal, starting at sunset, and lasted for 52-56 h. The flowers were bisexual, protogynous and emitted a strong scent similar to the plant´s own ripe fruit. There was pronounced synchrony among all floral events (the period and duration of stigmatic receptivity, release of odor, pollen release and drooping flowers) in different individuals, but no synchrony in the same individuals. All of the flowers monitored were visited by beetle species of the genera Cyclocephala and Arriguttia. Beetles arrived at the flowers with their bodies covered in pollen and these pollen grains were transferred to the stigmata while foraging on nutritious tissues at the base of the petals. With dehiscence of the stamens and retention within the floral chamber, the bodies of the floral visitors were again covered with pollen which they carried to newly opened flowers, thus promoting the cycle of pollination. After leaving the flowers, female beetles often excavated holes in the soil to lay eggs. Larvae were found between the leaf litter and the first layer of soil under specimens of A. coriacea. Cyclocephala beetles were the main pollinators of A. coriacea, but Arriguttia brevissima was also considered a pollinator and is the first species of this genus to be observed in Annonaceae flowers. Annona coriacea was found to be self-compatible with a low reproductive efficiency in the area studied. The results of this investigation provide ecological data that should contribute to the conservation and economic exploitation of A. coriacea

Abundance (n) and occurrence period (months) of pollinators during flowering <i>Annona coriacea</i> (Annonaceae) in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso in December 2005 to April 2006.

<p>Abundance (n) and occurrence period (months) of pollinators during flowering <i>Annona coriacea</i> (Annonaceae) in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso in December 2005 to April 2006.</p

Floral event <i>A</i>. <i>coriacea</i>.

<p>(A) Floral button in pre-anthesis; (B) Flower opening in process, and expansion of petals 12 hours after the onset of anthesis; (C) Flower fully open 24 hours after onset of anthesis; (D) Flower in female stage 48 hours after anthesis; (E) Flower also in female phase, also 48 hours after anthesis, but petals spaced manually to allow the inside of the floral chamber to be displayed, stamens assembly further strongly adhered to each other without releasing, and yet with pollen-receptive stigmas. Note the production of exudate, a bright and viscous substance on the stigma that has function of adhering to the pollen grains (arrow); (F) Flower male phase 52 hours after anthesis, with stamens falling off and starting release of pollen, and droop of stigmatic (arrow) marking the end of the female phase (outer and inner petals partially removed for better viewing).</p

Fruit set from controlled pollination of flowers of <i>Annona coriacea</i> Mart. (Annonaceae), in Cerrado of Mato Grosso State in December 2005 until April 2006.

<p>Fruit set from controlled pollination of flowers of <i>Annona coriacea</i> Mart. (Annonaceae), in Cerrado of Mato Grosso State in December 2005 until April 2006.</p

Adults and larvae <i>Cyclocephala</i>, pollinators of <i>Annona coriacea</i>.

<p>(A) Adult of <i>C</i>. <i>atricapilla</i> (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), digging in the ground near <i>A</i>. <i>coriacea</i> plant after the fall of araticum flower. (B) Larvae Cyclocephala found between litters and soil just below <i>A</i>. <i>coriacea</i> individuals.</p