Dietas e competências mediáticas de universitários portugueses

In the society of screens, networks and networking, a new communicational order - characterized by the ephemerality of narrative discourses, by the uninterrupted imagetic globalization, by the informational disorder that shapes a new media ecosystem, by the fragmentation of attention in multiple and constant stimuli - imposes to assume the current relevance of the concept of media literacy (media education, educommunication) and its relevance for a critical and rational reading of the World, towards global skills (OECD, 2018), democratic culture skills (COUNCIL OF EUROPE, 2016), towards a global citizenship (UNESCO, 2015). This research sought to understand how young Portuguese university students (n= 314) construct their media diets, particularly the informative ones, how they deconstruct and interpret them, and how they reflect on them. At a methodological level, we have opted for a triangulation based on a questionnaire survey (to assess media practices), a media literacy test (to assess literacy skills) and, finally, a focus group (to deepen the results obtained). The results revealed young people who were detached, not aware of their surroundings, uncritical and not engaged. Na sociedade dos ecrãs, das redes e em rede, uma nova ordem comunicacional – caracterizada pela efemeridade dos discursos narrativos, pela globalização imagética ininterrupta, pela desordem informacional que molda um novo ecossistema mediático, pela fragmentação da atenção em múltiplos e constantes estímulos – impõe que se assuma a atualidade do conceito de literacia mediática (alfabetização mediática, educomunicação) e a sua pertinência para uma crítica e racional leitura do Mundo, rumo a competências globais (OCDE, 2018), competências de cultura democrática (CONSELHO DA EUROPA, 2016), rumo a uma cidadania global (UNESCO, 2015). Esta investigação procurou perceber de que forma é que os jovens universitários portugueses (n=314) constroem as suas dietas mediáticas, em particular as informativas, como as desconstroem, as interpretam e como refletem acerca das mesmas. A nível metodológico, optámos por uma triangulação que teve por base um inquérito por questionário (para aferição de práticas mediáticas), uma prova de literacia mediática (para avaliação de competências de literacia) e, por fim, um grupo de foco (de forma a aprofundar os resultados obtidos). Os resultados revelaram jovens alheados, desfocados do que os rodeia, pouco críticos e engajados

Polifarmacoterapia: Estratégias de racionalização

Introdução: A polifarmacoterapia é um termo recente que tem subjacente a utilização de vários medicamentos em simultâneo. O termo mais utilizado até ao momento tem sido polifarmácia, que pode ter diversos significados e tem uma conotação negativa. A polifarmacoterapia está associada ao aumento do risco de iatrogenia e de gastos em saúde. Nem sempre a polifarmacoterapia é inapropriada e compete ao médico de família a difícil tarefa de aplicar individualmente a melhor evidência disponível. Processo de raciocínio terapêutico: A decisão de prescrever é um processo complexo que tem determinantes prévios e consequências. A formação médica em farmacologia clínica, a indústria farmacêutica e as normas de orientação clínica (que devem reunir a melhor evidência) são os principais determinantes. Existem diversos instrumentos facilitadores do raciocínio terapêutico, dos quais salientamos: as P-drugs, a Lista de Beers (idoso), os suportes electrónicos de apoio à prescrição e a utilização de acrónimos tais como AVOID Mistake, NO TEARS, entre outros. Estratégias de racionalização da polifarmacoterapia:A abordagem da polifarmacoterapia é uma medida de prevenção quaternária (prevenção da iatrogenia) que pressupõe uma medicina reflexiva e uma decisão partilhada com o doente. É listado um conjunto de etapas, numa sequência lógica, das quais se salienta: a listagem exaustiva de todos os medicamentos (incluindo não sujeitos a receita médica, os fitoterapêuticos, os dietéticos e os alternativos), o conhecimento farmacológico de cada medicamento prescrito, a simplificação dos regimes e explicitação dos objectivos terapêuticos

Clinical and genetic factors predicting response to therapy in patients with Crohn’s disease

Aim - To identify clinical and/or genetic predictors of response to several therapies in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Methods - We included 242 patients with CD (133 females) aged (mean ± standard deviation) 39 ± 12 years and a disease duration of 12 ± 8 years. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studied were ABCB1 C3435T and G2677T/A, IL23R G1142A, C2370A, and G9T, CASP9 C93T, Fas G670A and LgC844T, and ATG16L1 A898G. Genotyping was performed with real-time PCR with Taqman probes. Results - Older patients responded better to 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and to azathioprine (OR 1.07, p = 0.003 and OR 1.03, p = 0.01, respectively) while younger ones responded better to biologicals (OR 0.95, p = 0.06). Previous surgery negatively influenced response to 5-ASA compounds (OR 0.25, p = 0.05), but favoured response to azathioprine (OR 2.1, p = 0.04). In respect to genetic predictors, we observed that heterozygotes for ATGL16L1 SNP had a significantly higher chance of responding to corticosteroids (OR 2.51, p = 0.04), while homozygotes for Casp9 C93T SNP had a lower chance of responding both to corticosteroids and to azathioprine (OR 0.23, p = 0.03 and OR 0.08, p = 0.02,). TT carriers of ABCB1 C3435T SNP had a higher chance of responding to azathioprine (OR 2.38, p = 0.01), while carriers of ABCB1 G2677T/A SNP, as well as responding better to azathioprine (OR 1.89, p = 0.07), had a lower chance of responding to biologicals (OR 0.31, p = 0.07), which became significant after adjusting for gender (OR 0.75, p = 0.005). Conclusions - In the present study, we were able to identify a number of clinical and genetic predictors of response to several therapies which may become of potential utility in clinical practice. These are preliminary results that need to be replicated in future pharmacogenomic studies

SARCOIDOSE SUBCUTÂNEA – UM CASO RARO DE MANIFESTAÇÃO CUTÂNEA ESPECÍFICA

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Cutaneous involvement can occur and can be classified as specific or nonspecific depending on the presence or absence of granulomas on his- topathology of the skin. The subcutaneous form is a special type of presentation and it is believed to be more often associated with systemic disease.KEYWORDS – Sarcoidosis; Skin Diseases.A sarcoidose é uma doença granulomatosa multissistémica de etiologia desconhecida. O envolvimento cutâneo pode ocorrer, sendo classificado de específico ou inespecífico, dependendo da presença ou ausência de granu- lomas no exame histopatológico da pele. A forma subcutânea é uma forma particular e mais rara de apresentação e constitui o único subtipo que se crê estar associado a doença sistémica.PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Sarcoidose; Doenças da Pele

ERITEMA INDURATUM DE BAZIN – UM CASO NUMA DOENTE COM TUBERCULOSE GANGLIONAR ACTIVA

Erythema induratum of Bazin is a rare disease, characterized by the appearance of cutaneous erythema- tous nodules, sometimes painful with frequent evolution to ulceration. It is considered to be a hypersensitivity response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We describe an 83 years old female patient, with a 3 months history of erythematous subcutaneous nodules involving both legs and, at the same time, of right cervical enlarging nodes.KEYWORDS – Antitubercular Agents; Erythema Induratum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Panniculitis; Vasculitis.O Eritema induratum de Bazin é uma doença rara, considerada uma reacção de hipersensibilidade ao Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Caracteriza-se pelo aparecimento de nódulos firmes, dolorosos, por vezes, ulcerados nos membros inferiores. Descrevemos o caso de uma doente do sexo feminino, 83 anos de idade, com queixas de aproximadamente 3 meses de duração de tumefacção cervical direita indolor e de nódulos subcutâneos de superfície eritematosa envolvendo ambas as pernas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Antituberculosos; Eritema Induratum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Paniculite; Vasculite

APOBEC3-mediated editing in HIV type 1 from pediatric patients and its association with APOBEC3G/CUL5 polymorphisms and Vif variability

The APOBEC3 proteins are cytidine deaminases that can introduce G→A mutations in the HIV-1 plus DNA strand. This editing process may inhibit virus replication through lethal mutagenesis (hypermutation), but could also contribute to viral diversification leading to the emergence of escape forms. The HIV-1 Vif protein has the capacity to counteract APOBEC3 factors by recruiting a CUL5-based ubiquitin ligase complex that determines their proteasomal degradation. In this work, we analyzed the APOBEC3-mediated editing in proviral HIV-1 from perinatally infected children (n=93) in order to explore its association with polymorphisms of APOBEC3G and CUL5 genes (APOBEC3G H186R, APOBEC3G C40693T, and CUL5 SNP6), the Vif protein variability, and also the time to AIDS development. To calculate the level of editing, we have developed an index exploiting the properties of a region within the HIV-1 pol gene that includes the central polypurine tract (cPPT). We detected a reduced editing associated with the CUL5 SNP6 minor allele and also with certain Vif variants (mutations at sites 46, 122, and 160), although we found no evidence supporting an impact of APOBEC3 activity on disease progression. Thus, our findings suggest that APOBEC3-mediated editing of HIV-1 could be modulated by host and virus genetic characteristics in the context of pediatric infection.Fil: de Maio, Federico Andres. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rocco, Carlos Alberto. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Aulicino, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus; ArgentinaFil: Bologna, Rosa. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Mangano, Andrea María Mercedes. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sen, Luisa. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Detección molecular de citomegalovirus porcino (PCMV) en jabalíes del noreste de la Patagonia argentina

Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is a recognized pathogen of domestic swine that is widely distributed around the world. PCMV is the etiological agent of inclusion body rhinitis and has also been associated with other diseases that cause substantial losses in swine production. Wild boar populations can act as reservoirs of numerous infectious agents that affect pig livestock, including PCMV. The aim of this work was to assess the circulation of this virus in free-living wild boars that inhabit Northeastern Patagonia (Buenos Aires and Río Negro Provinces), Argentina. Nested-PCR assays were conducted to evaluate the presence of PCMV in samples of tonsil tissue collected from 62 wild boar individuals. It was found that the overall rate of infection was about 56%, with significant higher values (almost 90%) in the age group corresponding to piglets (animals less than 6 months old). In addition, a seasonal variation was observed in the PCMV detection rate, with an increase during the transition from summer to autumn. In conclusion, this study confirmed that wild boars are major carriers and dispersal agents of PCMV in Northeastern Patagonia, which raises the necessity to evaluate the extent to which this virus affects local livestock production.Fil: de Maio, Ana de Las Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Winter, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Abate, Sergio Damian. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; ArgentinaFil: Birochio, Diego Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; ArgentinaFil: Iglesias, Nestor Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Barrio, Daniel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Bellusci, Carolina Paula. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Atlántica; Argentin

Incisors’ bone height and inclination changes after orthodontic treatment with a self-ligating passive system

This study aimed to evaluate changes in the alveolar buccal bone height of maxillary and mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment with a self-ligating passive system and to assess the correlation between bone height and incisor inclination.Pre (T1) and post-treatment (T2) cone-beam computed tomography images of patients treated with the Damon 3MX appliance system were measured to quantify the alveolar buccal bone height of the maxillary incisors. The incisor’s inclination was measured in digital models. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the changes between T1 and T2, and Pearson’s coefficient was used to test the correlation.All teeth presented statistically significant alveolar buccal bone loss at T2. A statistically significant buccal inclination was observed only for the lower left lateral incisors. There was no correlation between bone height changes and incisor inclination.Orthodontic treatment with a self-ligating passive system showed changes in alveolar height, but these changes were not correlated with incisor inclination

NEVOS RECORRENTES – UMA REVISÃO DE 5 ANOS

The development of a melanocytic lesion at the site where it had been previously excised can place clini- cally and histologically some problems because of the differential diagnosis with melanoma, named by some authors as 'pseudomelanoma. In this study, the authors intend to carry out a comparative analysis between the clinical and the pathologic features of recurrent nevi and primary melanocytic lesions.KEYWORDS – Nevus, Pigmented; Melanoma.A persistência de uma lesão melanocítica, em local onde tenha sido previamente excisado um nevo me- lanocítico pode colocar, clínica e histologicamente, problemas no diagnóstico diferencial com melanoma, designado por alguns autores como ‘pseudomelanoma’. Neste estudo, os autores pretendem realizar uma análise comparativa entre os achados clínicos e histopatológicos das lesões melanocíticas primárias e dos nevos recorrentes. Procura-se também avaliar eventuais factores predisponentes para este fenómeno.PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Nevo recorrente; Pseudomelanoma; Melanoma; Regressão

Correlation of age and skeletal effects after miniscrew assisted rapid palatal expansion

To evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects after miniscrew assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) and their correlation with the age of the patients. Settings and sample population: Sample comprised 19 patients with maxillary atresia and poster