Diversity, chemical constituents and biological activities of endophytic fungi isolated from Schinus terebinthifolius raddi

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of various diseases. The secondary metabolites responsible for the pharmacological properties can be produced directly by the plant or by endophytic fungi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of endophytic fungi of di erent parts of S. terebinthifolius and to identify chemical compounds produced by endophytes and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. For this, fruits, stem bark and roots were dried, ground and placed in fungal growth medium. The selected endophytes were grown and subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate. DPPH, FRAP, -carotene bleaching and antimicrobial assays were performed. The phylogenetic tree was elaborated, encompassing 15 di erent species. The fungal extracts showed hydroxybenzoic acids and 1-dodecanol as predominant compounds. All fungal extracts exhibited antioxidant activity. The fungal extracts exhibited bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial ATCC strains and against methicillin-resistant nosocomial bacteria. Among the 10 endophytic fungi evaluated, the extract of the fungus Ochrocladosporium elatum showed higher phenolic content and exhibited higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities in all tests. Together, the results increase the known diversity of S. terebinthifolius endophytic fungi, secondary metabolites produced and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.Thisworkwas supported by grants fromFoundation to Support to Fundação deApoio aoDesenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado deMato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Viabilidade de Bifidobacterium animalis (Bb12) em sorvete dietético potencialmente simbiótico de leite cabra, sabor chocolate.

Resumo: O consumo de alimentos funcionais como os probióticos e prebióticos, que ajudam no equilíbrio da microbiota intestinal, pode contribuir de forma relevante para a promoção da saúde. Em virtude da crescente prevalência da diabetes mellitus, o desenvolvimento de um sorvete dietético que permita a adição de prebióticos que possam promover um baixo índice glicêmico, ainda agregado de produtos regionais como o leite de cabras, é promissor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do Bifidobacterium animalis (Bb12) em duas formulações de sorvete dietético de leite de cabras potencialmente simbióticos e verificar se houve alteração do pH durante o armazenamento. A viabilidade do probiótico e o pH foram avaliados aos 1, 28 e 56 dias após o processamento do sorvete adicionado com frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) e do sorvete adicionado de inulina, através de contagens em meio MSR-LP. A população de B. animalis nos sorvetes manteve-se superior a 8 log UFC/g durante todo o período de estocagem estudado e o pH de ambos sorvetes manteve-se em torno de 6,0. Os sorvetes desenvolvidos mostraram-se bons veículos para a Bb12, atendendo à legislação brasileira para produtos probióticos

Processamento de creme de leite de cabra padronizado pasteurizado.

bitstream/item/58376/1/COT-124.pd

Machine-assisted Cyber Threat Analysis using Conceptual Knowledge Discovery

Over the last years, computer networks have evolved into highly dynamic and interconnected environments, involving multiple heterogeneous devices and providing a myriad of services on top of them. This complex landscape has made it extremely difficult for security administrators to keep accurate and be effective in protecting their systems against cyber threats. In this paper, we describe our vision and scientific posture on how artificial intelligence techniques and a smart use of security knowledge may assist system administrators in better defending their networks. To that end, we put forward a research roadmap involving three complimentary axes, namely, (I) the use of FCA-based mechanisms for managing configuration vulnerabilities, (II) the exploitation of knowledge representation techniques for automated security reasoning, and (III) the design of a cyber threat intelligence mechanism as a CKDD process. Then, we describe a machine-assisted process for cyber threat analysis which provides a holistic perspective of how these three research axes are integrated together

Conservation of wild mushrooms through electron beam irradiation

The high perishability is a characteristic of the mushrooms consumed in fresh. Therefore, it is mandatory the application of effective conservation technologies to preserve and protect their chemical composition and nutritional value. Drying processes are widely used, but do not avoid the development of bacteria and fungi which have the ability to survive for long periods of time in dry foods, causing the loss of some nutrients and leading to food browning and oxidation of lipids and vitamins [1]. Irradiation appears as an alternative to food preservation assuring and maintaining its quality [2]. In this work, the effects of electron beam irradiation and storage time on nutritional and chemical parameters of wild samples of Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer, previously submitted to a drying process (oven at 30 ºC), were assessed. The wild mushroom samples were collected in Trás-os-Montes; electron beam irradiation (doses 0.5, 1 and 6 kGy) was carried out in the INCT- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw, Poland and the analyses were performed over the storage period (0, 6 and 12 months). The results were compared with a control (non-irradiated samples). The nutritional value was determined according to the official procedures of food analysis, while the profiles of fatty acids, tocopherols, mono and oligosaccharides were obtained by chromatographic techniques [1]. The irradiation showed a better capacity to maintain the nutritional and chemical profile, in comparison with the storage time. Effectively, the storage time had a significant effect in all parameters, but fatty acids undergone significant changes both with irradiation doses and storage time. Electron beam irradiation can be considered a suitable technique for conservation of mushrooms for long periods of time, attenuating the changes caused by the drying treatment.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), A. Fernandes (SFRH/BPD/114753/2016) and J.C.M. Barreira contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microbiological quality, chemical profile as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, commonly known as Brazilian peppertree, is a plant species widely used in Brazilian traditional medicine for various purposes. The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological quality, safety, chemical profile as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of different parts of S. terebinthifolius. Microbiological analysis of the methanolic extracts of the roots (MESR), stem bark (MESB) and leaves (MESL) of S. terebinthifolius showed no microbial growth. The concentrations of phenolic compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometry. The phenolic compounds of the MESL were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and mass spectrometer (LC-DAD-MS). The antioxidant activities of the extracts were analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radical (DPPH[rad]), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS[rad] + ), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), reducing power, β-carotene bleaching and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays in human erythrocytes. The antidiabetic properties of the extracts were demonstrated in vitro by their inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme and their anti-glycation activity via fructose and glyoxal. After showing no acute toxicity in vivo, MESL was able to lower postprandial glycemia after glucose overload in normoglycemic mice as well as the water and feed intake, liver weight, glycemia and serum levels of glycated hemoglobin, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in diabetic mice. Overall, S. terebinthifolius extracts showed microbiological safety along with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, likely mediated by its chemical constituents, such as gallic acid, gallotannins and glycosylated flavonolsThis work was supported by grants from Foundation to Support to Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Utilização de proteases vegetais na fabricação de queijos coalho com leite de cabra.

Na indústria alimentícia, as proteases têm encontrado diversas aplicações, algumas bastante tradicionais, a exemplo da quimosina, amplamente utilizada na fabricação de queijos. Entretanto, o aumento do consumo de queijos e a diminuição na disponibilidade de estômagos de bezerro lactentes têm ocasionado a demanda por coalhos alternativos como os de origem microbiana e animal, obtidos muitas vezes por manipulação genética. Produtos de ocorrência natural, como proteases extraídas de vegetais e destinadas à fabricação de queijos, apresentam a vantagem de serem mais facilmente aceitos pelos consumidores e aprovados para comercialização. Em estudos anteriores na Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, observou-se que sementes de girassol (Helianthus annus) apresentaram atividade coagulante no leite. Baseados nestes estudos realizaram-se novos experimentos com objetivo de avaliar o potencial da utilização de extratos das sementes de girassol na fabricação de queijos de leite de cabra. Para alcançar este objetivo, queijos foram fabricados com enzima tradicional (quimosina) e comparados com os fabricados com extratos de girassol, com base em eletroforeses e análises físico-químicas. Apresentando semelhança entre as características físico-químicas e eletroforéticas entre os dois processamentos, mostrando ser possível a fabricação de queijos fabricados a partir de extratos de sementes de girassol

Cultivation-independent methods applied to the microbial prospection of oil and gas in soil from a sedimentary basin in Brazil

The upper parts of oil field structures may leak gas which is supposed to be indirectly detected by the soil bacterial populations. Such microorganisms are capable of consuming this gas, supporting the Microbial Prospection of Oil and Gas (MPOG) methodology. The goal of the present work was to characterize microbial communities involved in short-chain alkane metabolism, namely methane, ethane and propane, in samples from a petroliferous (P) soil through clone libraries of the 16S rRNA gene of the Domains Bacteria and Archaea and the catabolic gene coding for the soluble di-iron monooxygenase (SDIMO) enzyme alpha subunit. The microbial community presented high abundance of the bacterial phylum Actinobacteria, which represented 53% of total clones, and the Crenarchaeota group I.1b from the Archaea Domain. The analysis of the catabolic genes revealed the occurrence of seven Operational Protein Families (OPF) and higher richness (Chao = 7; Ace = 7.5) and diversity (Shannon = 1.09) in P soil when compared with a non-petroliferous (Np) soil (Chao = 2; Ace = 0, Shannon = 0.44). Clones related to the ethene monooxygenase (EtnC) and methane monooxygenase (MmoX) coding genes occurred only in P soil, which also presented higher levels of methane and lower levels of ethane and propane, revealed by short-chain hydrocarbon measures. Real-time PCR results suggested that the SDIMO genes occur in very low abundance in the soil samples under study. Further investigations on SDIMOs genes in natural environments are necessary to unravel their still uncharted diversity and to provide reliable tools for the prospection of degrading populations

Magnetocaloric effect and evidence of superparamagnetism in GdAl2 nanocrystallites: a magnetic-structural correlation

CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO - FAPEMAFINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSThe correlation between structural and magnetic properties of GdAl2, focusing on the role played by the disorder in magnetic ordering and how it influences the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) are discussed. Micrometric-sized particles, consisting of nanocrystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix, were prepared by a mechanical milling technique and characterized by means of x-ray diffraction, scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy as well as magnetic measurements as a function of an applied external magnetic field and temperature. The results show that the average particle size is just slightly diminished (approximate to 7%) with the milling time (between 3 and 13 h), whereas the average crystallite size undergoes an expressive reduction (approximate to 43%). For long milling times, structural disorders mostly associated with crystallite size singularly affect the magnetic properties, leading to a large tablelike MCE in the temperature range between 30 and 165 K. Below 30 K, nanocrystallites with dimensions below a given critical size cause an enhancement in the magnetic entropy change related to superparamagnetic behavior. In contrast, for low milling times, relative cooling power values are improved. These striking features along with the small magnetic hysteresis observed make the milled GdAl2 a promising material for application in the magnetic refrigeration technology. Finally, a discussion in an attempt to elucidate the origin of the spin-glass states previously reported in the literature for mechanically milled GdAl2 samples for very long times (400 and 1000 h) is presented.The correlation between structural and magnetic properties of GdAl2, focusing on the role played by the disorder in magnetic ordering and how it influences the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) are discussed. Micrometric-sized particles, consisting of nanocrystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix, were prepared by a mechanical milling technique and characterized by means of x-ray diffraction, scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy as well as magnetic measurements as a function of an applied external magnetic field and temperature. The results show that the average particle size is just slightly diminished (approximate to 7%) with the milling time (between 3 and 13 h), whereas the average crystallite size undergoes an expressive reduction (approximate to 43%). For long milling times, structural disorders mostly associated with crystallite size singularly affect the magnetic properties, leading to a large tablelike MCE in the temperature range between 30 and 165 K. Below 30 K, nanocrystallites with dimensions below a given critical size cause an enhancement in the magnetic entropy change related to superparamagnetic behavior. In contrast, for low milling times, relative cooling power values are improved. These striking features along with the small magnetic hysteresis observed make the milled GdAl2 a promising material for application in the magnetic refrigeration technology. Finally, a discussion in an attempt to elucidate the origin of the spin-glass states previously reported in the literature for mechanically milled GdAl2 samples for very long times (400 and 1000 h) is presented.93919CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO - FAPEMAFINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO - FAPEMAFINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSSem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçã