Toponyms and place heritage as sources of place brand value

Commercial producers have long seen the advantage of branding their products, and the idea of branding also attracts place managers. In general, the core component of a brand is its name. In place branding, the name is even more crucial. It marks a geographical entity and creates the identity and image of the place. Having stayed unchanged, it represents longevity and stability and can be regarded as the place’s memory. In addition, place names carry of strong emotional attachment. The longer the history behind a name, the more meaningful it is as a word. A strong place brand is built upon a strong place heritage. Heritage is acknowledged as one of the future priorities in branding research. It is one of the intangible factors, in other words associations that differentiate brands from each other and are a source of tangible prosperity. Many of these associations are susceptible to competitor copying them – however, not the heritage or the name.This paper will introduce the conceptualisation of place heritage, with the place name being one of the focal components. For this, we will use data from our previous empirical survey carried out in 2013 on the 28 municipalities in Southwestern Finland. This survey investigated residents’ attitudes towards municipality names and name changes. Herein, we will focus on answers to two statements in the survey – The name of my place of domicile is important to me, and A name change will weaken the sense of community and solidarity in the municipality – and correlations between them and the place heritage value of each municipality. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of a place name in reference to place heritage value and to show an example of utilising this value in place branding. </p

Kunnan nimellä on väliä

Kunnan nimellä on asukkaille suuri merkitys. Kotikunnan nimen muuttaminen voi herättää kiihkeitä tunteita, minkä vuoksi kuntaliitostilanteissa pitäisi käytännön asioiden lisäksi käsitellä perusteellisesti myös nimikysymystä. Tämä käy ilmi Turun yliopiston tutkijoiden tekemästä selvityksestä.</p

Cystatin B deficiency results in sustained histone H3 tail cleavage in postnatal mouse brain mediated by increased chromatin-associated cathepsin L activity

Cystatin B (CSTB) is a cysteine cathepsin inhibitor whose biallelic loss-of-function mutations in human result in defects in brain development and in neurodegeneration. The physiological function of CSTB is largely unknown, and the mechanisms underlying the human brain diseases remain poorly understood. We previously showed that CSTB modulates the proteolysis of the N-terminal tail of histone H3 (H3cs1) during in vitro neurogenesis. Here we investigated the significance of this mechanism in postnatal mouse brain. Spatiotemporal analysis of H3cs1 intensity showed that while H3cs1 in wild-type (wt) mice was found at varying levels during the first postnatal month, it was virtually absent in adult brain. We further showed that the high level of H3cs1 coincides with chromatin association of de novo synthesized cathepsin L suggesting a role for nuclear cathepsin L in brain development and maturation. On the contrary, the brains of Cstb(-/-) mice showed sustained H3cs1 proteolysis to adulthood with increased chromatin-associated cathepsin L activity, implying that CSTB regulates chromatin-associated cathepsin L activity in the postnatal mouse brain. As H3 tail proteolysis has been linked to cellular senescence in vitro, we explored the presence of several cellular senescence markers in the maturing Cstb(-/-) cerebellum, where we see increased levels of H3cs1. While several markers showed alterations in Cstb(-/-) mice, the results remained inconclusive regarding the association of deficient CSTB function with H3cs1-induced senescence. Together, we identify a molecular role for CSTB in brain with implications for brain development and disease.Peer reviewe

Kommunens namn i kommunsloganer : perspektiv från lingvistik och marknadsföring

Peer reviewe

Cystatin B-deficiency triggers ectopic histone H3 tail cleavage during neurogenesis

Cystatin B (CSTB) acts as an inhibitor of cysteine proteases of the cathepsin family and loss-of-function mutations result in human brain diseases with a genotype-phenotype correlation. In the most severe case, CSTB-deficiency disrupts brain development, and yet the molecular basis of this mechanism is missing. Here, we establish CSTB as a regulator of chromatin structure during neural stem cell renewal and differentiation. Murine neural precursor cells (NPCs) undergo transient proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminal histone H3 tail by cathepsins B and L upon induction of differentiation into neurons and glia. In contrast, CSTB-deficiency triggers premature H3 tail cleavage in undifferentiated self-renewing NPCs and sustained H3 tail proteolysis in differentiating neural cells. This leads to significant transcriptional changes in NPCs, particularly of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. In turn, these transcriptional alterations impair the enhanced mitochondrial respiration that is induced upon neural stem cell differentiation. Collectively, our findings reveal the basis of epigenetic regulation in the molecular pathogenesis of CSTB deficiency.Peer reviewe

TESS Photometry of AM Her and AR UMa: Binary Parameters, Cyclotron Emission Modeling, and Mass Transfer Duty Cycles

Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry of the polars AM Herculis (AM Her) and AR Ursae Majoris (AR UMa) is presented, along with high-speed photometry. AM Her shows a variety of high states with frequent transitions between them. TESS photometry of AR UMa in the low state reveals no evidence of accretion, while the McDonald 2.1 m telescope caught AR UMa in its high accretion state. Roche-lobe overflow is shut off during low states of AR UMa, while accretion often still takes place during low states of AM Her. We derive inclinations of 50° and 70° for AM Her and AR UMa respectively. To model the high-state light curves of AM Her, we employ a self-organized map light-curve classification scheme to establish common accretion configurations. The cyclotron radiation properties then allow the production of emission region maps on the surface of the white dwarf. The accretion geometry of AM Her is most consistent with a multipolar field structure. The high-state photometry of AR UMa has stochastic accretion flaring, which we attribute to magnetically buffeted mass transfer through the inner Lagrangian point L1. To consider this possibility, we examine the magnetism of both stars and argue that the local magnetic field near L1 can initiate short-lived accretion events and affect transitions between high and low accretion states in both AM Her and AR UMa. In particular, AR UMa has the low state as its default, while AM Her and most other active polars are in the high state by default