Resposta antioxidante de células em suspensão de duas variedades de Coffea arabica submetidas à baixa concentração de alumínio em pH 5.8

The effects of aluminum (Al) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and ferritin expression were studied in cell suspension cultures of two varieties of Coffea arabica, Mundo Novo and Icatu, in medium with pH at 5.8. The cells were incubated with 300 µM Al3+, and the Al speciation as Al3+ was 1.45% of the mole fraction. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were increased in Mundo Novo, whereas glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activities remained unchanged. SOD, GR, and GST activities were increased in Icatu, while CAT activity was not changed, and GPOX activity decreased. The expression of two ferritin genes (CaFer1 and CaFer2) were analyzed by Real-Time PCR. Al caused a downregulation of CaFER1 expression and no changes of CaFER2 expression in both varieties. The Western blot showed no alteration in ferritin protein levels in Mundo Novo and a decrease in Icatu. The differential enzymes responses indicate that the response to Al is variety-dependent.Foram estudadas a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e a expressão da ferritina em culturas celulares de duas variedades de Coffea arabica, Mundo Novo e Icatu, tratadas com alumínio (Al) em meio de cultura com pH 5.8. As células foram incubadas com 300 µM Al3+, e a especiação do Al para Al3+ foi de 1.45%. Para Mundo Novo, a atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa S-transferase (GST) aumentou, enquanto que a atividade da glutationa redutase (GR) e da guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) permaneceu inalterada. Para Icatu, a atividade da SOD, GR e GST aumentou, a atividade da CAT não se alterou e da GPOX diminuiu. Foram analisadas a expressão de dois transcritos da ferritina (CaFer1 e CaFer2) por meio de PCR em Tempo Real. O Al provocou queda na expressão do CaFER1 e nenhuma alteração em CaFER2 nas duas variedades. Não houve alteração no acúmulo de ferritina para Mundo Novo, mas uma diminuição para Icatu. A resposta diferencial das enzimas indica que a resposta antioxidante é variedade dependente.0110Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Resposta antioxidante de células em suspensão de duas variedades de Coffea arabica submetidas à baixa concentração de alumínio em pH 5.8

The effects of aluminum (Al) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and ferritin expression were studied in cell suspension cultures of two varieties of Coffea arabica, Mundo Novo and Icatu, in medium with pH at 5.8. The cells were incubated with 300 µM Al3+, and the Al speciation as Al3+ was 1.45% of the mole fraction. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were increased in Mundo Novo, whereas glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activities remained unchanged. SOD, GR, and GST activities were increased in Icatu, while CAT activity was not changed, and GPOX activity decreased. The expression of two ferritin genes (CaFer1 and CaFer2) were analyzed by Real-Time PCR. Al caused a downregulation of CaFER1 expression and no changes of CaFER2 expression in both varieties. The Western blot showed no alteration in ferritin protein levels in Mundo Novo and a decrease in Icatu. The differential enzymes responses indicate that the response to Al is variety-dependent

Biometric characterization of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg. in an araucaria forest

The present research aimed to analyze biometric characteristics of Campomanesia xanthocarpa and its fruits and its fruit yield. This study was developed in araucaria forest at Irati National Forest, Paraná state. To perform this analysis, 31 individuals were selected and the total height and commercial height, diameter breast height (DBH), crown diameter, crown length, crown proportion, crown formal, salience index, range index and slenderness rate were measured. From the fruits, variables as length, width, weight and number of seeds per fruit were measured. The fruit yield was estimated by means of the fruit number per branch and the average fruit weight per tree. The species presented total height, DBH and crown diameter of 14.2 m, 32.09 cm and 9.5 m, respectively. The crown diameter is 30 times greater than DBH, and 49.71% from total height is occupied by its crown. The fruits presented 22.01 mm, 19.74 mm, 6.64 g and eight units for width, length, weight and seeds/fruit, respectively. The yield was 1.273 fruits, with 8.64 kg.tree-1. The species presents slow growth, with slender crown and resistance to weathering. Its fruits had great potential for selection for commercialization

Perfil dos pacientes internados por COVID-19: a importância da vigilância epidemiológica hospitalar

Rationale: Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-Cov-2, also called COVID-19, has spread rapidly across countries, making it one of the biggest health challenges of this century. In Brazil, it was declared a public health emergency in March 2020. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of patients hospitalized by COVID-19 in an emergency hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, as well as the factors associated with in-hospital death. Methods: Retrospective observational study, which included patients hospitalized between March and December 2020 with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects were extracted from the epidemiological investigation files and the hospital chart. Results: 582 suspected cases of COVID-19 were hospitalized and 317 were confirmed, of which 182 (57.5%) were male, and most were residents in the north of Rio de Janeiro (42.5%). Main tomographic or radiological findings: ground glass (34.7%) and pulmonary infiltrate (15.4%), and more than half of those hospitalized (64.0%) had at least one comorbidity. Among hospitalized patients, the overall lethality was 53.6%, and among those admitted to the ICU, this percentage was 84.5%. Age and use of ventilatory support and ICU were the variables that showed a statistically significant association with in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: This study reinforces the importance of epidemiological surveillance, in a hospital setting, especially for diseases in which the passive surveillance system may not be able to adequately report, as in the case of COVID-19.Justificación: Desde diciembre de 2019, el coronavirus SARS-Cov-2, también llamado COVID-19, se ha extendido rápidamente por los países, convirtiéndose en uno de los mayores retos sanitarios de este siglo. En Brasil, se declaró una emergencia de salud pública en febrero de 2020. El objetivo de este estudio es describir el perfil de los casos hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un hospital de urgencias de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, así como los factores asociados a la muerte hospitalaria. Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, que incluyó pacientes hospitalizados entre marzo y diciembre de 2020 con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19. Los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de laboratorio fueron extraídos del formulario de investigación epidemiológica y de los registros hospitalarios. Resultados: Se hospitalizaron 582 casos sospechosos de COVID-19 y se confirmaron 317, de los cuales 203 (57,5%) eran hombres, la mayoría residentes en el norte de Río de Janeiro (42,5%). Los principales hallazgos tomográficos o radiológicos: vidrio deslustrado (34,7%) e infiltrado pulmonar (15,4%) y más de la mitad de los hospitalizados (64%) tenían al menos 1 comorbilidad. La letalidad global entre los hospitalizados fue del 53,6% y entre los ingresados en la UCI, este porcentaje fue del 84,5%. Las variables que mostraron una asociación estadísticamente significativa con la mortalidad intrahospitalaria fueron la edad, el uso de soporte ventilatorio y el uso de la UCI. Conclusiones: El estudio refuerza la importancia de la vigilancia epidemiológica en el ámbito hospitalario, especialmente para aquellas enfermedades en las que el sistema de vigilancia pasiva puede no informar adecuadamente, como es el caso de la COVID-19.Justificativa: Desde dezembro de 2019, o novo coronavírus SARS-Cov-2, também chamado COVID-19, tem se espalhado rapidamente pelos países, tornando-se um dos maiores desafios sanitários deste século. No Brasil, ele foi declarado como una emergência de saúde pública em março de 2020. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil dos pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 em um hospital de emergência no município de Rio de Janeiro, bem como os fatores associados ao óbito hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospectivo, que incluiu pacientes internados entre março e dezembro de 2020 com um diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19. Os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, e laboratoriais foram extraídos das fichas de investigação epidemiológica e do prontuário hospitalar. Resultados: Foram internados 582 casos suspeitos de COVID-19 e 317 foram confirmados, dos quais 182 (57,5%) eram do sexo masculino, e a maioria era residente na zona norte do Rio de Janeiro (42,5%). Principais achados ‘tomográficos ou radiológicos’: vidro fosco (34,7%) e infiltrado pulmonar (15,4%), e mais da metade dos hospitalizados (64,0%) apresentava pelo menos uma comorbidade. Entre os pacientes hospitalizados, a letalidade geral foi de 53,6% sendo que entre os internados na UTI esse percentual foi de 84,5%. Idade e uso de suporte ventilatório e UTI foram as variáveis que mostraram associação estatisticamente significante com mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Conclusão: Este estudo reforça a importância da vigilância epidemiológica, em âmbito hospitalar, principalmente para as doenças em que o sistema de vigilância passivo pode não ser capaz de reportar adequadamente, como no caso da COVID-19

Oxidative processes during 'Golden' papaya fruit ripening

'Golden' papayas at maturity stage 1 (15% yellow skin) were chosen to study selected oxidative processes, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in storage at 22°C, during the ripening of the fruit. An increase in ethylene production was observed on the second day of storage and it was followed by an increase in respiration. An increased activity of catalase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase was observed concurrently or soon after this increase in ethylene production and respiration. The increased activity of these enzymes near the peaks of ethylene production and respiration is related to the production of oxidants accompanying the onset of ripening. On the fourth day of storage, there was an increased lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase. Lipid peroxidation induces the increase of antioxidant enzymes, which can be verified by further increases in the activities of catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. Unlike the other antioxidant enzymes, the ascorbate peroxidase activity in the pulp increased continuously during ripening, suggesting its important role in combating reactive oxygen species during papaya ripening. With regard to physical-chemical characteristics, the soluble solids did not vary significantly, the acidity and ascorbic acid contents increased, and hue angle and firmness decreased during storage. The results revealed that there was variation in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, with peaks of lipid peroxidation during the ripening of 'Golden' papaya. These results provide a basis for future research, especially with regard to the relationships among the climacteric stage, the activation of antioxidant enzymes and the role of ascorbate peroxidase in papaya ripening

The atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 is protective against sepsis

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response as a result of uncontrolled infections. Neutrophils are the first cells to reach the primary sites of infection and chemokines play a key role in recruiting neutrophils. However, in sepsis chemokines could also contribute to neutrophil infiltration to vital organs leading to multiple organ failure. ACKR2 is an atypical chemokine receptor, which can remove and degrade inflammatory CC chemokines. The role of ACK2 in sepsis is unknown. Using a model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), we demonstrate here that ACKR2 deficient (−/−) mice exhibited a significant reduction in the survival rate compared to similarly treated wild type (WT) mice. However, neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity and bacterial load were similar between WT and ACKR2−/− mice during CLP. In contrast, ACKR2−/− mice showed increased neutrophil infiltration and elevated CC chemokine levels in the lung, kidney and heart compared to the WT mice. In addition, ACKR2−/− mice also showed more severe lesions in the lung and kidney than those in the WT mice. Consistent with these results, WT mice under non-severe sepsis (90% survival) had higher expression of ACKR2 in these organs than mice under severe sepsis (no survival). Finally, the lungs from septic patients showed increased number of ACKR2+ cells compared to those of non-septic patients. Our data indicate that ACKR2 may have a protective role during sepsis, and the absence of ACKR2 leads to exacerbated chemokine accumulation, neutrophil infiltration and damage to vital organs

Dependência de smartphone em adolescentes, parte 1: revisão de escopo

Given the constant presence of smartphones in adolescents’ lives and the increase in screen time observed in recent years, this study aimed to map the evidence available on adolescents’ smartphone addiction. This is the first part of a scoping review. A total of 67 articles were published between 2009 and 2019, with an increase of 31.74 % per year. Most of the research was conducted in South Korea (n=28; 41.79 %), in psychology (n=21; 31.34 %) and by the cross-sectional method (n=49; 73.13 %). Fourteen self-applicable scales were identified for use with adolescents, the most used being the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Most scales include the following domains: abstinence, tolerance, compulsion, and the effect of addiction on daily life. It was concluded that smartphone addiction is a growing public health problem on a global scale that may compromise adolescents’ health. This construct has been measured by validated and reliable scales, but no Brazilian studies have been identified in the period investigated, so it is necessary to adapt and validate instruments with this population tobetter understand the phenomenon in Brazil.Dada la presencia constante de los teléfonos inteligentes en la vida de los adolescentes y el aumento del tiempo de pantalla observado en los últimos años, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear la evidencia disponible sobre la dependencia del smartphone en adolescentes. Esta es una revisión del alcance. Se publicaron un total de 67 artículos entre 2009 y 2019, con un aumento del 31.74 % por año. La mayor parte de la investigación se realizó en Corea del Sur (n=28; 41,79 %), por el área de psicología (n=21; 31,34 %) y por el método transversal (n=49; 73,13 %). Se identificaron catorce escalas autoaplicables para su uso con adolescentes, y las más utilizadas fueron la Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale y la Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version. La mayoría de las escalas incluyen los siguientes dominios: abstinencia, tolerancia, compulsión y el efecto de la dependencia en la vida diaria. Se concluye que la dependencia de los smartphones es un problema de salud pública creciente en el mundo y puede comprometer la salud de los adolescentes. Esta construcción se ha medido mediante escalas validadas y confiables, pero no se han identificado estudios brasileños en el periodo investigado, por lo que es necesario adaptar y validar los instrumentos con esta población, para comprender mejor el fenómeno en Brasil. Face a presença constante dos smartphones na vida dos adolescentes e ao aumento do tempo de tela observado nos últimos anos, este estudo objetivou mapear as evidências disponíveis sobre a dependência de smartphone em adolescentes. Tratase da primeira parte de uma revisão de escopo. Um total de 67 artigos foram publicados entre 2009 e 2019, com um incremento de 31,74 % ao ano. A maioria das pesquisas (n=28; 41,79 %), foram desenvolvidas na Coreia do Sul, pela área de psicologia (n=21; 31,34 %) e pelo método transversal (n=49; 73,13 %). 14 escalas autoaplicáveis foram identificadas para o uso com adolescentes, sendo que, as mais utilizadas foram a Smartphone addiction Proneness Scale e a Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version. Grande parte das escalas contempla os domínios: abstinência, tolerância, compulsão e efeito da dependência na vida diária. Conclui-se que a dependência de smartphone é um problema de saúde pública em ascensão no mundo e pode comprometer a saúde dos adolescentes. Tal construto tem sido mensurado por escalas validadas e confiáveis, porém, não foram identificados estudos brasileiros no período investigado. Portanto, faz-se necessário adaptar e validar instrumentos com esta população para melhor compreensão do fenômeno no Brasil

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt