Assessment of trace element pollution and its environmental risk to freshwater sediments influenced by anthropogenic contributions: The case study of Alqueva reservoir (Guadiana Basin)

The Guadiana Basin.(SW Iberian Peninsula) is affected by acid mine drainage (AMD), a consequence of ancient mining activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). Consequently, the sedimerits at the Alqueva reservoir (SE Portugal) in the Guadiana Basin are potentially contaminated by trace elements, which make important: (i) to characterize the status of trace element pollution of the sediments; (ii) to evaluate the mobility and the bioavailability of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn; and (iii) to assess the environmental risk associated with the total and bioavailable concentrations of trace elements, using the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and the risk assessment code (RAC). Metal enrichment factors (EF) and geoaccumulation indexes (I-geo), determined taking into account the regional background levels, revealed that, among the metals analyzed, Cd contributed the highest to pollution levels followed by Pb and As. Despite the trace element contamination of the Alqueva sediments, the sequential extraction showed that Most of them are found in the oxidizable and residual fractions, which indicates that they are sparingly bioavailable, with exception of Cd (acid-labile fraction) and Pb (reducible fraction). Based on the RAC, Cd was the only metal that presented a high risk, while Pb, As and Zn showed a medium risk. Moreover, the SQGs revealed the existence of certain areas of extremely high risk, particularly related to high concentrations of total As and, in less extent, of Pb and Cd, associated with AMD, wastewater discharges and runoff of plant protection products from agricultural fields located near the reservoir. (C) 2015 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) [PTDC/AAC-AMB/103547/2008]; FEDER, through POFC (Eixo I - Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade) from QREN [COMPETE Re: FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-008582]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Soil Pollution Assessment and Sustainable Remediation Strategies

Editorialinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Musicalidade e Teatro: o processo de criação em Outside, um Musical Noir

In this article, I expose some fundamentals of the creation process of the theatrical show Outside, a musical noir, staged by Toque Cia de Teatro in 2011, of which I highlight the dialogue between Music and Theater as the main foundation. I bring notes that emerged from my participation as a creative artist and reports from other artists involved in the editing, which compose a polyphonic memory intertwined by the voices of the actors-musicians, the director, the playwright, and the musical director, without hierarchies between them. Finally, I describe scenes of this theatrical show, performed in a collaborative process of creation, particularly in its musical aspects.En este artículo expongo algunos fundamentos del proceso de creación del espectáculo teatral Outside, un musical noir, montado por Aquela Cia. de Teatro en 2011, del que destaco como eje principal el diálogo entre Música y Teatro. Traigo notas que surgieron de mi participación como creadora y relatos de otros artistas involucrados en el montaje, que componen una memoria polifónica entrelazada por las voces de los actores-músicos, el director, el dramaturgo y el director musical, sin que existan jerarquías entre ellos. Finalmente, describo algunas escenas del espectáculo, realizadas en un proceso colaborativo de creación, particularmente en su aspecto musical.Dans cet article, j'expose quelques fondamentaux du processus de création du spectacle théâtral Outside, un noir musical, mis en scène par Toque Cia. du Théâtre en 2011, dont je mets en évidence le dialogue entre Musique et Théâtre comme fondement principal. J'apporte des notes issues de ma participation en tant qu'artiste créateur et des témoignages d'autres artistes impliqués dans le montage, qui composent une mémoire polyphonique entrelacée par les voix des comédiens-musiciens, du metteur en scène, du dramaturge et du directeur musical. Enfin, je décris des scènes du spectacle, réalisées dans un processus collaboratif de création, notamment dans ses aspects musicaux.In questo articolo espongo alcuni fondamenti del processo creativo dello spettacolo teatrale Outside, un musical noir, diretto da Toque Cia. du Théâtre nel 2011, di cui sottolineo il dialogo tra musica e teatro come fondamento principale. Porto note della mia partecipazione come artista creativo e testimonianze di altri artisti coinvolti nel montaggio, che compongono una memoria polifonica intrecciata dalle voci dell'attore-musicista, del regista, del drammaturgo e del direttore musicale. Infine, descrivo scene dello spettacolo, prodotte in un processo creativo collaborativo, principalmente nei suoi aspetti musicali.Neste artigo, exponho alguns fundamentos do processo de criação do espetáculo teatral Outside, um musical noir, encenado por Aquela Cia. de Teatro em 2011, do qual destaco a interlocução entre a Música e o Teatro como principal alicerce. Trago apontamentos surgidos a partir da minha participação como artista criadora e relatos de outros artistas envolvidos na montagem, os quais compõem uma memória polifônica entrelaçada pelas vozes dos atores- músicos, do diretor, do dramaturgo e do diretor musical, sem que existam hierarquias entre elas. Por fim, descrevo cenas do espetáculo, realizadas em um processo colaborativo de criação, particularmente em seus aspectos musicais

A Case Study in the Tejo Basin (Portugal)

Funding Information: This research was funded through the Project AgriWW2Fertilizer, from LEAF/ISA, FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the Project LEAF (Ref. UIDB/04129/2020 and UIDP/04129/2020), and by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund, included in the COMPETE 2020 (Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization) through the ICT project (UIDB/04683/2020) and through the FitoFarmGest Operational Group (PDR2020-101-030926). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.The use of agricultural drainage water (ADW) in irrigation is a great challenge, improving water use efficiency, nutrient circularity, and avoiding surface and ground-water contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and ecotoxicological characteristics of an ADW to analyze the safety of its reuse. An irrigated area with maize crops was selected (Tejo Basin, Portugal), where a subsurface structure for the recovery of ADW was installed, collecting the drainage in a pond and recycling it for crop irrigation. Water was collected monthly during the irrigation campaign of 2021 (April to August). Three herbicides and two metabolites were quantified, reaching a maximum concentration of 0.74 µg L−1 for S-metolachlor and 0.48 µg L−1 for terbuthylazine. The lethal bioassays did not detect toxicity, except for the sample collected in August toward Vibrio fisheri (EC50 = 25.2%). The samples were not toxic to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, with a growth inhibition rate of less than 10%. The low lethal and sublethal effects may be ascribed to the high nutrient concentration (e.g., 1.76 mg P L−1 and 98.9 mg NO3− L−1, in July) that could have masked toxic effects. Ecotoxicological responses support the option of ADW reuse in irrigation, offering a safe and sustainable solution for water and nutrient management.publishersversionpublishe

O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida e os seus impactos sociais na vida dos novos e antigos moradores de um bairro periférico

The present work intends to bring to light the socio-political and territorial impacts that have marked the neighborhood of Santa Cruz in Rio de Janeiro and directly impacted the lives of new and old residents since the arrival of the projects of the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program. After five years of the delivery of the keys to the first venture in the neighborhood, the empirical observations and contact with some residents, these, face several issues that range from the difficulty of staying in condominiums and the new neighborhood, lack of services and equipment effectively guaranteeing their social reproduction to the process of creating / reproducing the stigmas of the older residents towards the new ones. Thus, based on consecrated bibliographies on the abovementioned housing policy, empirical observations and interviews with some residents, it is possible to have the dimension of the paths that still need to be addressed in order to deal with intra-urban inequalities, so relevant to the discussion of urban and regional planning.Através do presente trabalho, pretende-se trazer à luz os impactos sociopolíticos e territoriais que têm marcado o bairro de Santa Cruz no Rio de Janeiro e impactado diretamente a vida dos novos e antigos moradores, desde a chegada dos empreendimentos do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. Após cinco anos da entrega das chaves do primeiro empreendimento no bairro, retomam-se as observações empíricas e o contato com alguns moradores realizados em pesquisa anterior. Verificou-se que os moradores enfrentam diversas questões que vão desde a dificuldade material de se viver nos condomínios e no novo bairro, como a falta de serviços e equipamentos públicos que garantam, com efetividade, a sua reprodução social, como também até o processo de criação/ reprodução de estigmas dos moradores mais antigos para com os novos. Dessa forma, a partir de bibliografias consagradas sobre a política habitacional supracitada, observações empíricas e entrevistas com alguns moradores é possível ter a dimensão dos caminhos que ainda precisam ser enfrentados para o enfrentamento das desigualdades intraurbanas, tão pertinentes à discussão do Planejamento urbano e regional

Assessment of soil physicochemical characteristics and As, Cu, Pb and Zn contamination in non-active mines at the Portuguese Sector of the

This study aimed to evaluate soil physicochemical characteristics (pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total N, and extractable P and K), and potentially toxic elements (As, Cu, Pb, and Zn), in non-active mines located in the Portuguese sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). A total of 70 sampling sites were surveyed at Aljustrel and Lousal, in areas already rehabilitated, and at São Domingos, where rehabilitation was only beginning. The soils at São Domingos were very heterogeneous, with extreme values for some properties (e.g., minimum soil pH 2.0 and maximum As concentration, 4382.8 mg kg1 dry weight basis (DW)). Aljustrel was the site that presented soils with a higher total As, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentration (median values: 441.5, 545.9, 1396.8, and 316.5 mg kg1 DW, respectively), above the soil quality guidelines values proposed by the Portuguese Environmental Agency (18, 230, 120, and 340 mg kg1 DW, respectively). A principal component analysis identified the most relevant soil properties to explain the data variance, which were the soil pH and Pb total concentration, followed by Cu and Zn total concentrations, allowing a separation of Aljustrel from the other mines. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed very strong associations between Pb and As, markedly found at higher concentrations in São Domingos, whereas Aljustrel had an elevated concentration of As and Pb, but also of Cu and Zn. It is evident the risk that persists in the Aljustrel mine area, which was not alleviated by the “dig, dump, and cover” techniques that were implemented to rehabilitate the area

Trends in water quality in the Alqueva irrigation area and its potential effects on soil structure and on crop yields

One of the major threats to the sustainability of irrigated agriculture is the risk of land salinization, due to the reduction in water quality and to the increase of soil salt concentrations leading to crop yield reductions. Therefore, monitoring salinity status of agricultural water resources is increasingly important to prevent soil salinization processes. The Alqueva reservoir constitutes the most important water supply source in Alentejo, a region where agriculture is one of the main activities. Based on the physicochemical characteristics of water collected in nine sampling sites along the Alqueva reservoir, the evolution of water quality for irrigation, and its potential effects on soil structure and on crop yields, was assessed throughout two sampling campaigns, 2006-2007 and 2011-2012. The Maas-Hoffman (MH) and the van Genuchten-Hoffman (GH) models were used to determine the relative yield (Yr) for the main crops grown in the Alqueva irrigation area. Overall, from 2006-2007 to 2011-2012, the results indicated an increment of the ionic concentrations at the water body, more significant for sodium (+55%), chloride (+44%), and magnesium (+30%). The sodium adsorption rate values (SAR) showed an average increase of 36%. The assessment of water quality for agriculture performed for both campaigns, using the FAO guidelines, showed slight to moderate risk of reduced infiltration rates in every site and date, which is particularly significant in fine textured soils, and whenever sprinkler irrigation systems are used. The water collected at some sites and dates had characteristics consistent with a slight to moderate risk of sodium and chloride toxicity when using sprinkler irrigation. The lower Yr estimates (85 to 89%) using both the MH and the GH models occurred for almond, table grape, pumpkin and onion, indicating that attention should be given to sensitive and moderately sensitive crops cultivated in the Alqueva irrigation area, especially in drought years

Cenário da gestão da qualidade nos laticínios de micro e pequeno porte da região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná

The eating habits of the Brazilian people suffered a remarkable change from the mid 90’s. This fact was due to the falling price of milk and its derivatives. So, strategically large -sized national and multinational industries invested in dairy, as well as small industries targeting a retention of part of the share of this growing market. The State of Paraná in Brazil has stood out in recent years on the national scene in both milk production and in industrial production. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) the state produces 3.3 billion liters of milk / year, ranking third in the national ranking of milk production, and of this total are processed 2.1 billion liters of milk/year, 67% of production in the state. Data from a survey conducted by the Paraná Institute of Economic and Social Development (IPARDES), revealed that the present population of dairy industries in the state of Paraná, 2 8% are represented by dairy micro scale industries and 55% are represented by industries dairy small, totaling a percentage of 83% of dairy surveyed statewide. However, the small national dairy organizations are lacking of competitiveness strategies in relation to market and product quality. Aware of this information and because of the importance that quality has on the food industry this paper aims to identify which stage of the "Ages" of the quality described by Garvin (2002), the micro and small dairies of Campos Gerais region in Paraná State are positioned. To achieve this objective this research examined the relationship between indicators and the use of quality tools. Unable to search 10 of 13 companies of the population of dairy owners seal Certification Inspection Service of Paraná (SIP) and the Federal Inspection Service (SIF) in the Campos Gerais region of Paraná state. The methodology used was based on a descriptive qualitative research which was used as a research tool on-site visits and application of a semi structured questionnaire with open and closed questions. It was identified that dairy industries surveyed comply with current legislation using the tools that provide the product quality free from contamination. The present study was also able to characterize the setting of quality with respect to the evolving context of "Eras quality” (Inspection, Statistical Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Strategic Quality Management), and such dairy industries are targeted for management aimed at ensuring product quality. Nevertheless, the dairies have no strategic actions and not use the tools to your fingertips.O hábito alimentar do brasileiro sofreu uma notável mudança a partir de meados da década de 90. Esse fato se deu em virtude da queda do preço do leite e de seus derivados. Assim, estrategicamente, indústrias de grande porte nacionais e multinacionais investiram na produção de lácteos, bem como as indústrias de pequeno porte almejando uma retenção de parte da fatia deste mercado em ascensão. O Estado do Paraná vem se destacando nos últimos anos no cenário nacional, tanto na produção leiteira como na produção industrial. Segundo dados do IBGE o Estado produz 3,3 bilhões de litros de leite/ano, ocupando a terceira colocação no ranking nacional de produção de leite, sendo que desse total são processados 2,1 bilhões de litros de leite/ano, ou seja, 67% da produção do estado. Dados de uma pesquisa realizada pelo Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (IPARDES) revelaram que da população de indústrias de laticínios presentes no estado do Paraná, 28% são representadas por indústrias de laticínios de micro porte e 55% são representadas por indústrias de laticínios de pequeno porte, totalizando um percentual de 83% dos laticínios pesquisados em todo o estado. Todavia, os pequenos laticínios nacionais são organizações carentes de estratégias de competitividade em relação ao mercado e à qualidade dos produtos. Atentos a essas informações e devido à importância que a qualidade exerce sobre as indústrias de alimentos o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar em qual etapa da “Eras” da qualidade descritas por Garvin (2002), as indústrias de laticínios de micro e pequeno porte dos Campos Gerais no Paraná estão posicionadas. Para o alcance deste objetivo esta pesquisa analisou a relação entre indicadores e a utilização das ferramentas da qualidade. Foi possível pesquisar 10 de 13 empresas da população de laticínios possuidoras do selo de certificação do Serviço de Inspeção Paranaense (SIP) e do Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) na região dos Campos Gerais - PR. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada em uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, onde se empregou como instrumento de pesquisa as visitas in loco e a aplicação de um questionário semi-estruturado contendo questões abertas e fechadas. Foi identificado que os laticínios pesquisados cumprem a legislação vigente, utilizando as ferramentas que propiciam a qualidade do produto, livre de contaminações. A pesquisa também conseguiu caracterizar o cenário da qualidade no que tange ao contexto evolutivo das “Eras” da qualidade (Inspeção, Controle Estatístico da Qualidade, Garantia da Qualidade e Gestão Estratégica da Qualidade), sendo que tais laticínios estão direcionados para uma gestão voltada para a garantia da qualidade dos produtos. No entanto, tais laticínios são deficientes de ações estratégicas, bem como não utilizam as ferramentas ao seu alcance

Assessment of the environmental impact of acid mine drainage on surface water, stream sediments, and macrophytes using a battery of chemical and ecotoxicological indicators

Mining activities at the Portuguese sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) have been responsible for the pollution of water, sediments, and biota, caused by the acid mine drainage (AMD) from the tailing deposits. The impact has been felt for years in the rivers and streams receiving AMD from the Aljustrel mine (SW sector of the IPB, Portugal), such as at the Água Forte stream, a tributary of the Roxo stream (Sado and Mira Hydrographic Region). To evaluate the extent of that environmental impact prior to the remediation actions, surface water, sediments, and the macrophyte Scirpus holoschoenus L. were sampled at the Água Forte and the Roxo streams, upstream and downstream from the confluence. The surface water and the sediments were extremely acidic at the Água Forte stream (pH ranges 2.22–2.92 for the water and 2.57–3.32 for the sediment), with high As, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations of 2.1, 120, 0.21, and 421 mg kg1, respectively, in the water, and 661, 1746, 539, and 1994 mg kg1, respectively, in the sediment, in the location closer to the mine. Two aquatic bioassays evidenced the high ecotoxicity of the Água Forte water at that site, with very low EC50 values for Vibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition (<3.1% v/v) and Daphnia magna 48-hour immobilization/mortality assays (<6.3% v/v). The impact of the AMD was also evident in the sediments of the Roxo stream, but not so marked in the water, with circa neutral pH and lower As, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations. Consistently, the ecotoxicological response was only felt in the sampling point closer to the confluence of the Água Forte with the Roxo stream, with an EC20 of 27.0% (v/v) towards the V. fischeri. One of the dominant and well adapted macrophytes, S. holoschoenus L., presented low bioaccumulation factors for Cu (0.04) and Zn (0.15) in their emerging parts, and very low concentrations for As and Pb, making this plant a potential candidate to be used in phytoremediation actions to treat and control AMD in the IPBinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio