221 research outputs found
Myocardial extracellular volume quantification by cardiovascularagn magnetic resonance and computed tomography
Purpose of review This review article discusses the evolution of extracellular volume (ECV) quantification using both cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and computed tomography (CT).
Recent findings Visualizing diffuse myocardial fibrosis is challenging and until recently, was restricted to the domain of the
pathologist. CMR and CT both use extravascular, extracellular contrast agents, permitting ECV measurement. The evidence base
around ECV quantification by CMR is growing rapidly and just starting in CT. In conditions with high ECV (amyloid, oedema
and fibrosis), this technique is already being used clinically and as a surrogate endpoint. Non-invasive diffuse fibrosis quantification is also generating new biological insights into key cardiac diseases.
Summary CMR and CT can estimate ECV and in turn diffuse myocardial fibrosis, obviating the need for invasive
endomyocardial biopsy. CT is an attractive alternative to CMR particularly in those individuals with contraindications to the
latter. Further studies are needed, particularly in CT
Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident lesions
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Antecedents and performance consequences of international outsourcing
The outsourcing of intermediate products to international suppliers is believed to improve firm performance. We investigate this claim and test key dimensions of the decision to outsource internationally using survey data on 200 manufacturing firms located in the Netherlands. We find that most international outsourcing is intra-regional in nature. Furthermore international outsourcing is a consequence of a firm‟s ability to search and evaluate foreign suppliers, which is co-determined by its size, multinationality, and frequency of cross-border communications. Finally, no performance effects were observed for international or global outsourcing. We conclude international outsourcing is a balancing act between lower production costs abroad and lower transaction costs locally
Quantitative wave-particle duality and non-erasing quantum erasure
The notion of wave-particle duality may be quantified by the inequality
V^2+K^2 <=1, relating interference fringe visibility V and path knowledge K.
With a single-photon interferometer in which polarization is used to label the
paths, we have investigated the relation for various situations, including
pure, mixed, and partially-mixed input states. A quantum eraser scheme has been
realized that recovers interference fringes even when no which-way information
is available to erase.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.
Measurement of ground-state decoherence via interruption of coherent population trapping
Journals published by the American Physical Society can be found at http://publish.aps.org/We examine the role of ground-state coherence on the fluorescence from the excited state in a three-level Lambda system under continuous-wave excitation. When resonantly pumped, the fluorescence is strongly affected by any perturbation in the ground-state coherent population trapping. From our analytical results, we suggest how to use this strong dependence of fluorescence on the ground-state decays as a new method for the measurement of the ground-state decoherence rates. Our calculations should work well for a wide range of systems such as atomic vapors with a buffer gas, active dopants in solids, and quantum dots, etc. We present a proof of principle experiment using Rb-87 vapor
Prevalence of Cardiac Amyloidosis in Patients Referred for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.
Continuous-variable optical quantum state tomography
This review covers latest developments in continuous-variable quantum-state
tomography of optical fields and photons, placing a special accent on its
practical aspects and applications in quantum information technology. Optical
homodyne tomography is reviewed as a method of reconstructing the state of
light in a given optical mode. A range of relevant practical topics are
discussed, such as state-reconstruction algorithms (with emphasis on the
maximum-likelihood technique), the technology of time-domain homodyne
detection, mode matching issues, and engineering of complex quantum states of
light. The paper also surveys quantum-state tomography for the transverse
spatial state (spatial mode) of the field in the special case of fields
containing precisely one photon.Comment: Finally, a revision! Comments to lvov(at)ucalgary.ca and
raymer(at)uoregon.edu are welcom
A consistent quantum model for continuous photodetection processes
We are modifying some aspects of the continuous photodetection theory,
proposed by Srinivas and Davies [Optica Acta 28, 981 (1981)], which describes
the non-unitary evolution of a quantum field state subjected to a continuous
photocount measurement. In order to remedy inconsistencies that appear in their
approach, we redefine the `annihilation' and `creation' operators that enter in
the photocount superoperators. We show that this new approach not only still
satisfies all the requirements for a consistent photocount theory according to
Srinivas and Davies precepts, but also avoids some weird result appearing when
previous definitions are used.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Creating quanta with "annihilation" operator
An asymmetric nature of the boson `destruction' operator and its
`creation' partner is made apparent by applying them to a
quantum state different from the Fock state . We show that it is
possible to {\em increase} (by many times or by any quantity) the mean number
of quanta in the new `photon-subtracted' state . Moreover, for
certain `hyper-Poissonian' states the mean number of quanta in the
(normalized) state can be much greater than in the
`photon-added' state . The explanation of this
`paradox' is given and some examples elucidating the meaning of Mandel's
-parameter and the exponential phase operators are considered.Comment: 10 pages, LaTex, an extended version with several references added
and the text divided into sections; to appear in J. Phys.
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