4 research outputs found
From medical relief to community health care: a case study of a non-governmental organisation (Frontier Primary Health Care) in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan
- Publication venue
- The University of Edinburgh
- Publication date
- 01/01/2005
- Field of study
This case study is designed to answer the question whether refugees can make a positive
contribution to host countries, not simply as individual participants in economic activity, but
by contributing to welfare. The thesis provides a detailed study of an NGO originally
established to provide medical relief for refugees but which now provides basic health care
for local people. Since 1995 this NGO has adopted a policy of providing the same basic care
to refugees and to people in local Pakistani villages, thus making no distinction between
refugees and the residents of a specific geographical area. The case study also shows that an
NGO can be an appropriate and effective provider of primary health care (PHC) as promoted
by the 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata.
The thesis uses several approaches to demonstrate why this happened and how it was
achieved. Firstly, it narrates the history over the twenty-year period 1980-2000 of an
international health project originally started for a group of Afghan refugees, and its
transformation in 1995 into an indigenous Pakistani NGO called “Frontier Primary Health
Care (FPHC)”. Secondly, the study explores the theoretical utility and limitations of the
PHC strategy generally. Thirdly, the thesis provides an analysis of the extent to which the
underlying principles or “pillars” of PHC, that is, participation, inter-sectoral collaboration
and equity have affected the process and outcomes of the project.
Locating the case study in the Pakistani context provides evidence of the persistent
difficulties and shortcomings of official government basic health care in Pakistan,
particularly for rural poor people, showing that the field is open for other providers of health
care, such as NGOs. The thesis goes on to discuss strengths and weaknesses of NGOs in
general, and particularly as health care providers. In investigating characteristics of the
NGO sector in Pakistan, the study pays special attention to the discrete health care system
for Afghan refugees created in the early 1980s, including its introduction of Community
Health Workers.
In order to assess the impact of the NGO on people’s health, the study uses data from
mother/child health and family planning programmes (as far as available) demonstrating that
this NGO is a more effective provider than the other two agencies i.e. the Government of
Pakistan and the Afghan Refugee Health Programme. Placing the NGO in this context also
shows that it has a better understanding of the underlying “pillars” and has made more
determined and effective efforts to implement them, especially in regard to community
involvement.
It is unusual for a project initially refugee-oriented to have matured sufficiently to be making
a contribution, as a matter of formal policy, to basic welfare in the host country, itself a
developing country. The study concludes that the significant factors in its success are
continuity of leadership; boundaries of population, geography and administration;
dependable income and material resources; rigorous supervision; support, but not takeover,
by experienced consultants; capacity to use learning to adapt and move on; and sensitivity to
local cultural norms. All these have enabled the project to survive and develop as an
indigenous autonomous organisation beyond the twenty years covered by the case study.
FPHC is still operational in 2004
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Return of genetic research results in 21,532 individuals with autism
- Author
- Aarrestad Alexandria
- Abbeduto Leonard
- Aberbach Gabriella
- Aberle Shelley
- Adegbite Adediwura
- Adeniji Debbie
- Aguilar Maria
- Ahlers Kaitlyn
- Albright Charles
- Alessandri Michael
- Algaze Zach
- Alkazi Jasem
- Amador Raquel
- Amaral David
- Amon Logan
- Amundsen Leonor
- Andrus Alicia
- Anglo Claudine
- Annett Robert
- Arar Adam
- Arnold Jonathan
- Arriaga Ivette
- Arzate Eduardo
- Ashley Raven
- Aslamy Leilemah
- Astrovskaya Irina
- Baalman Kelli
- Baer Melissa
- Bahi Ethan
- Bailey Joshua
- Baldlock Zachary
- Banks Grabrielle
- Baraghoshi Gabriele
- Bardett Nicole
- Barns Sarah D.
- Barrett Mallory
- Bartholomew Yan
- Bates Heidi
- Beard Katie
- Becerra Juana
- Beckwith Malia
- Beechan Paige
- Beeson Josh
- Beeson Landon
- Bell Brandi
- Belli Monica
- Benitez Velazquez Alan Jesus
- Bentley Dawn
- Berger Natalie
- Berman Anna
- Bernier Raphael
- Berry-Kravis Elizabeth
- Berwanger Mary
- Birdwell Shelby
- Blank Elizabeth
- Bond Rebecca
- Booker Stephanie
- Bordofsky Aniela
- Bower Erin
- Bowers Lukas
- Bradley Catherine
- Brayer Heather
- Brewster Stephanie
- Brown Alison
- Brown Hallie
- Brown Melissa
- Buck Catherine
- Buescher Cate
- Bullon Kayleigh
- Buraima Joy
- Butter Eric
- Caamano Amalia
- Cacciato Nicole
- CaI Wenteng
- Calderon Norma
- Callahan Kristen
- Camba Alexies
- Campo-Soria Claudia
- Caprara Giuliana
- Carbone Paul
- Carpenter Laura
- Carpenter Sarah
- Casseus Myriam
- Casten Lucas
- Catherine Sullivan
- Chappo Ashley
- Chavez Kimberly
- Cheathem-Johnson Randi
- Chen Tia
- Chintalapalli Sharmista
- Cho Daniel
- Choi Y.B.
- Chung Wendy K.
- Clark Nia
- Clark Renee
- Coffman Marika
- Coleman Kendra
- Coleman Laura
- Collins Alister
- Columbi Costanza
- Comitre Joaquin
- Constant Stephanie
- Contra Arin
- Conyers Sarah
- Cooper Cameron
- Cooper Lindsey
- Coppola Leigh
- Corlett Allison
- Corrales Lady
- Correa Dahriana
- Cottrell Hannah
- Coughlin Michelle
- Courchesne Eric
- Coury Dan
- Crocetti Deana
- Croson Carrie
- Crowell Judith
- Cubells Joseph
- Cunningham Sean
- Currin Mary
- Cutri Michele
- D'Ambrosi Sophia
- David Giancarla
- Davis Ayana
- Davis Sabrina
- Decius Nickelle
- Delaporte Jennifer
- DeMarco Lindsey
- Dennis Brandy
- Deronda Alyssa
- Dhawan Esha
- Dichter Gabriel
- Doan Ryan
- Dominick Kelli
- Doyle Erin
- Drayton Andrea
- DuBois Megan
- Dudley Johnny
- Duhon Gabrielle
- Duncan Amie
- Duncan Grabrielle
- Dunlevy Megan
- Dyer Meaghan
- Earl Rachel
- Edmonson Catherine
- Eldred Sara
- Elliott Nelita
- Emery Brooke
- Enright Barbara
- Erb Sarah
- Erickson Craig
- Esler Amy
- Estevez Liza
- Fanta Anne
- Fassler Carrie
- Fatemi Ali
- Fazal Faris
- Featherston Marilyn
- Feliciano Pamela
- Ferguson Jonathan
- Fish Angela
- Fitzgerald Kate
- Flores Kathleen
- Fombonne Eric
- Foster Margaret
- Fowler Tiffany
- Fox Emily
- Fox Emma
- Francis Sunday
- Frayne Margot
- Froman Sierra
- Fuller Laura
- Galbraith Virginia
- Gallimore Dakota
- Gambrell Ariana
- Gazestani Vahid
- Geisheker Madeleine R.
- Gerdts Jennifer
- Geschwind Daniel
- Ghaziuddin Mohammad
- Ghina Haidar
- Given Erin
- Goetz Mykayla
- Goler Alexandra
- Gong Jared
- Gonring Kelsey
- Gonzalez Antonio
- Gonzalez Natalia
- Goodwill Ellie
- Gordon Rachel
- Graham Carter
- Gray Catherine
- Grimes Ellen
- Griswold Anthony
- Gu Pan
- Guilfoyle Janna
- Gulsrud Amanda
- Gunderson Jaclyn
- Gunn Amanda Moffitt
- Gunter Chris
- Gupta Abha
- Gupta Sanya
- Gutierrez Anibal
- Gwynette Frampton
- Haidar Ghina
- Hale Melissa
- Haley Monica
- Hall Jacob B.
- Hall Lauren K.
- Hamer Kira
- Hamilton Piper
- Han Bing
- Hanna Nathan
- Hardan Antonio
- Harkins Christina
- Harrell Eldric
- Harris Jill
- Harris Nina
- Hayes Caitlin
- Hayse Braden
- Heckers Teryn
- Heerwagen Kathryn
- Hennelly Daniela
- Herbert Lynette
- Hermle Luke
- Hernandez Briana
- Herrera Clara
- Hess Amy
- Heyman Michelle
- Higgins Lorrin
- Hirst Kathy
- Ho Theodore
- Hoffman Emily
- Hojlo Margaret
- Honaker Makayla
- Hong Michael
- Hooks Gregory
- Horner Susannah
- Horton Danielle
- Hounchell Melanie
- Howes Dain
- Huang-Storm Lark
- Hunter Samantha
- Hutter Hanna
- Hyde Emily
- Ibanez Teresa
- Ingram Kelly
- Istephanous Dalia
- Jacob Suma
- Jarratt Andrea
- Jelinek Anna
- Johnson Mary
- Jones Garland
- Jones Mark
- Jones Mya
- Jorgenson Alissa
- Judge Jessyca
- Kalb Luther
- Kalmus Taylor
- Kang Sungeun
- Kangas Elizabeth
- Kanne Stephen
- Kaplan Hannah
- Khan Sara
- Kim Annes
- Kim Sophy
- Kitaygordsky Alex
- Klaiman Cheryl
- Klever Adam
- Koene Hope
- Koomar Tanner
- Koza Melinda
- Kramer Sydney
- Krushena Meghan
- Kurtz-Nelson Eva
- Lamarche Elena
- Lampert Erica
- Lamy Martine
- Landa Rebecca
- Lavanderos Ambar Munoz
- Lebron-Cruz Alexa
- Lechniak Holly
- Lee Soo
- Leight Bruce
- Lerner Matthew
- Lesher Laurie
- Lewis Courtney
- Li Deana
- Li Hai
- Libove Robin
- Lillie Natasha
- Limon Danica
- Limpoco Desi
- Lin Melody
- Littlefield Sandy
- Lobisi Brandon
- Locarno Laura
- Long Bailey
- Long Kennadie
- Long Nancy
- Lopez Marilyn
- Lovering Taylor
- Lozano Ivana
- Lucio Daniella
- Luo Addie
- Luu My-Linh
- Lyon Audrey
- Ma Julia
- Madi Natalie
- Malloch Lacy
- Mankaryous Reanna
- Manning Patricia
- Mantey Alvin
- Marini Richard
- Marsden Alexandra
- Marwali Clarissa
- Marzano Gabriela
- Mason Andrew
- Mastel Sarah
- Mathai Sheena
- Matthews Emily
- Matusoff Emma
- Maxim Clara
- McCarthy Caitlin
- McClellen Lynn
- Mccoy Nicole
- McCullough Kaylen
- McDonald Brooke
- McGalliard Julie
- McIntyre Anne-Marie
- McKenna Brooke
- McKenzie Alexander
- McTaggart Megan
- Meinen Hannah
- Melnyk Sophia
- Miceli Alexandra
- Michaels Sarah
- Michaelson Jacob
- Milan Estefania
- Miller Melissa
- Milliken Anna
- Minton Kyla
- Mitchell Terry
- Mohiuddin Sarah
- Money Gina
- Montezuma Jessie
- Mooney Lindsey
- Moore Margo
- Morales-Lara Amy
- Morgan Kelly
- Morotti Hadley
- Morrier Michael
- Munoz Maria
- Murali Shwetha
- Murillo Karla
- Murray Kailey
- Myhre Erin
- Neely Jason
- Neuhaus Emily
- Newman Olivia
- Nguyen Richard
- Nguyen Victoria
- Nichols Evelyn
- Nicholson Amy
- Niederhauser Melanie
- Norris Megan
- Norton Shai
- Nowell Kerri
- O'Brien Kaela
- O'Meara Mitchell
- O'Neil Molly
- O'Roak Brian
- Ocampo Edith
- Ochoa-Lubinoff Cesar
- Oft Anna
- Orobio Jessica
- Ortega Leonardo Dominquez
- Ortiz Crissy
- Ousley Opal
- Oyeyemi Motunrayo
- Pacheco Lillian
- Palacios Valeria
- Palmer Samiza
- Palmeri Isabella
- Pama Katrina
- Pandey Juhi
- Paolicelli Anna Marie
- Parker Jaylaan
- Patterson Morgan
- Pawlowski Katherine
- Pedapati Ernest
- Pepper Michah
- Perrin Jeremy
- Peura Christine
- Phillips Brittani Hilscher
- Phillips Diamond
- Pierce Karen
- Piven Joseph
- Plate Juhi
- Polanco Jose
- Pott-Schmidt Natalie
- Pramparo Tiziano
- Pratt Taleen
- Prock Lisa
- Qi Hongjian
- Qiu Shanping
- Queen Eva
- Questel Marcia
- Quinones Ashley
- Rambeck Desiree
- Randall Shelley
- Ranganathan Vaikunt
- Raymond Laurie
- Rayos Madelyn
- Real Kelly
- Rhea Anna
- Rice Catherine
- Richardson Harper
- Riffle Stacy
- Robertson Tracy
- Roby Erin
- Rocha Ana
- Roche Casey
- Rodriguez Bianca
- Rodriguez Nicki
- Roeder Katherine
- Rojas Daniela
- Rosewater Jacob
- Rosselott Hilary
- Runyan Payton
- Russo Nicole
- Rutter Tara
- Ruzzo Elizabeth
- Sahin Mustafa
- Salem Fatima
- Salmon Lauren Ziegelmayer
- Sanchez Rebecca
- Sanders Muave
- Sanderson Tayler
- Sandhu Sophie
- Sanford Katelyn
- Santangelo Susan
- Santulli Madeline
- Sarver Dustin
- Savage Madeline
- Scherr Jessica
- Schneider Hoa
- Schools Hayley
- Schoonover Gregory
- Schultz Robert
- Sebolt Cheyanne
- Shaffer Rebecca
- Shameen Sana
- Shen Yufeng
- Sherard Curry
- Shikov Roman
- Shillington Amelle
- Shir Mojeeb
- Shocklee Amanda
- Shrier Clara
- Shu Chang
- Shulman Lisa
- Siegel Matt
- Simon Andrea
- Simon Laura
- Singh Arushi
- Singh Vini
- Smalley Devin
- Smith Ashlyn
- Smith Chris
- Smith Kaitlin
- Snyder LeeAnne Green
- Soorya Latha
- Soscia Julia
- Soucy Aubrie
- Srishyla Diksha
- Stamps Danielle
- Stchur Laura
- Steele Morgan
- Strathearn Camilla
- Sussman Nicole
- Swanson Amy
- Sweeney Megan
- Sziklay Anthony
- Tafolla Maira
- Taiba Jabeen
- Takahashi Nicole
- Terroso Sydney
- The SPARK Consortium
- Thomas Taylor
- Thompson Samantha
- Touchette Ellyn
- Townsend Laina
- Trog Madison
- Tsai Katherine
- Tseng Angela
- Tshering Paullani
- Tso Ivy
- Turecki Samuel
- Valicenti-Mcdermott Maria
- VanMetre Bonnie
- VanWade Candace
- Vargo Kerrigan
- Vattuone Cristiana
- Veenstra-Vanderweele Jeremy
- Vehorn Alison
- Verdi Mary
- Villalobos Michele
- Volfovsky Natalia
- Vrittamani Lakshmi
- Wainer Allison
- Wallace Jermel
- Walston Corrie
- Wang Jiayaho
- Ward Audrey
- Warren Zachary
- Washington Katherine
- Westerkamp Grace
- White Sabrina
- White Stormi Pulver
- Wink Logan
- Winoto Fiona
- Winters Sarah
- Wodka Ericka
- Wright Jessica R.
- Xavier Samantha
- Xu Sidi
- Yang Amy
- Yang WhaJames
- Yang Yi
- Yinger Meredith
- Yu Timothy
- Zaro Christopher
- Zha Cindy
- Zhang Haicang
- Zhao Haoquan
- Zhou Xueya
- Zick Allyson
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 29/06/2024
- Field of study
Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies
- Author
- Aaron James Holland
- Abdullah Jumana T.
- Abrams Jonathan M.
- Abrashoff Riley
- Acevedo Andres B.
- Acha Iker
- Acosta Daniela M. Meza
- Adam Megan M.
- Adams Dante Q.
- Adams Elena R
- Adams Kalvyn N
- Akbar Zainab A.
- Akruwala Ushmi H.
- Al-Ghazwi Adel
- AlAbbas Batool H.
- Alahmed Mohammed S.
- AlAwadhi Areej A.
- Albakr Mohammed A.
- Albalushi Yusef J.
- Albaum Jonathan
- Aldhamen Ahmed
- Ales Nolan
- Alesmail Mohammad
- Alhabeeb Abdulelah
- Alhamli Dania
- AlHarbi Yazeed A.
- Alhuseini Isehaq
- Alkaabi Suhail
- Alkhezzi Tameem
- Alkubaisi Mohamed
- Allanqawi Nasser
- Allsbrook Martin
- Almohsen Yousef A.
- Almquist Justin Thomas
- Alnaji Teeb
- Alnasrallah Yousef A
- Alonzi Nicholas
- Alosaimi Meshal
- Alqabani Emeen
- Alrubaie Mohammad
- Alsinan Reema A.
- Altenbern Ava L.
- Altokhais Abdullah
- Alyami Saleh A.
- Ameijenda Federico
- Amer Hamzi
- Amos Meggan
- Anderson Hunter J.
- Andrew Carter
- Andringa Jesse C
- Angwin Abigail
- Aradhya Arvind J.
- Aramians Andrew
- Arango Camila Villamil
- Archibald Jack. W.
- Arias-Robles Brian A.
- Aryan Maryam
- Ash Kevin
- Astalos Justin
- Atchley-Rivers N. S.
- Augenstein Dakota N.
- Austin Bryce W.
- Avula Abhinav
- Aycock Matthew C.
- Baflah Abdulrahman A.
- Balaji Sahana
- Balajonda Brian
- Balcer Leo M
- Baldwin James O.
- Banda David J
- Bard Titus
- Barmore Abby
- Barnes Grant M.
- Barnhart Logan D. W.
- Barone Kevin M.
- Bartman Jessica L.
- Bassel Claire
- Bastias Catalina S
- Bat-Ulzii Batchimeg
- Batra Jasleen
- Battist Lexi
- Bay Joshua
- Beach Simone
- Beard Sara
- Beato Quinn I
- Beattie Ryan
- Beatty Thomas
- Beauprez Jacob N.
- Beck Lily
- Beck M. G.
- Becker Simone E.
- Behr Braden
- Behrer Timothy A.
- Beijer Joshua
- Belei Brennan J.
- Belknap Annelene L.
- Bell Aislyn
- Bence Caden
- Benke Evan
- Berhanu Naomi
- Berriman-Rozen Zachary D.
- Bertuccio Chrisanna
- Berv Owen A.
- Biediger Blaine B.
- Biehle Samuel J
- Billig Brennen
- Billingsley Jacob
- Billman Jayce A.
- Biron Connor J.
- Bisacca Gabrielle E.
- Blake Cassidy A.
- Blandon Guillermo
- Blevins Olivia
- Blouin Ethan
- Bodzianowski Michal
- Boeyink Taylor A.
- Bondar Matthew
- Bone Lauren
- Bonilla Alberto Espinosa de los Monteros
- Borelli William T
- Borgerding Luke R.
- Bowen Troy
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- Boyle Aidan P.
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- Branch Donovan
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- Brennan David J.
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- Brockman Jennifer L.
- Brookins Sarah
- Brown Cameron L.
- Brown Gabriel T.
- Brown Ryan
- Brownlow Jordi
- Brumage-Heller Grant
- Brumley Preston J.
- Bryan Samuel
- Brzostowicz A.
- Buhamad Maryam
- Bullard-Connor Gigi
- Bunsow J. R. Ramirez
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- Canales Braden P.
- Cancio Alejandro R.
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- Carpender Michael Andrew
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- Chadda Shivank
- Chambers Paige
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- Chang Ethan C.
- Chaparro David
- Chapman Logan T.
- Chapman Mitchell G.
- Chavali S.
- Chavez Luis
- Cheang Nathan M.
- Chen Judy
- Chen Kevin
- Chen Lily
- Chen Sam
- Chhetri Jenisha
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- Christiansen Katherine E
- Cisne Nicholas A.
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- Clark David B.
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- Clarkson Peter C
- Clausi Alexis R.
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- Colleran Jake R.
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- Cool Destiny J.
- Cooper Nicholas M.
- Corbitt Jessica S
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- Cruz Avril
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- Curry Riley T.
- Cutler Libby
- Cyr Aidan St.
- Dabberdt Frederick M.
- Daboub Johnston
- Damgaard Olivia
- Das Swagatam
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- de La Beaujardiere Tristan
- DeBarros Elyse
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- Del Foco Leonardo
- Delasantos Megan E.
- Deng Tianyue
- Derwin Zachary
- Desai Om
- Dewey Kai
- Dias John S.
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- Dicken Cyrus A.
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- Engelhardt Rasce
- Engelstad Jacob
- England Colin
- Enrich Andrew
- Erickson Abbey
- Erickson Benjamin
- Erikson James W.
- Evans Nathan
- Ewing Calvin A
- Eyeson Elizabeth A.
- Faber Ian
- Fails Avery M.
- Fauntleroy John T
- Fell Kevin
- Feng Zitian
- Fenwick Logan D.
- Feoktistov Nikita
- Fife Ryann
- Figueirinhas John Alfred D.
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- Fischer Emmalee
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- Fix Alexander
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- Frick Florian G.
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- Furney Sebastian
- Gabir Moutamen
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- Gale Skylar
- Ganesan Koushik
- Gapin Keala C.
- Garscadden A. J.
- Gasser Rachel
- Gayou Lily
- Gearhart Emily E.
- Geerdts T. R.
- Geisman Jane
- Geneser Julianne R.
- Genne SL
- Gentile Julia G
- Gentry Eleanor
- George Jacob D.
- Georgiades Nathaniel James
- Gerhardstein Phillip
- Gersabeck Clint
- Ghaith Bandar Abu
- Ghiassi Dorsa
- Giebner B. C.
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- Gilpatrick Connor B.
- Gjini Michael
- Golden Olivia
- Golding Nathan T.
- Goldsberry C. A.
- Gomez Angel A.
- Gomez Angel R.
- Gopalakrishnan Sean
- Gopalani Mariam
- Gotlib Nicholas
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- Gregory Joshua A.
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- Griffin Nicholas F.
- Guerrero Matt
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- Haile L. N.
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- Hales Ryder Buchanan
- Haley Mark S.
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- Han Soonhee
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- Hansen Joshua A.
- Hansson Jonathan
- Hao Tony Yunfei
- Haratsaris Nicholas
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- Hardwick Dillon F.
- Hares Cameron T.
- Harris Coyle M.
- Harris Logan Swous
- Hart Omer
- Hashiro Kyle
- Hattendorf Elsie
- Haubrich Calder
- Hawat Elijah
- Hayrynen Griffin A.
- Heintz Danielle A.
- Hellweg Tim
- Hernandez Angel
- Herrera Emanuel
- Herrington Robert N.
- Herwig Tim
- Hesse Troy M.
- Hiatt Quinn
- Hibbard Lea Pearl
- Hicks Andrew J.
- Hicks Imari R.
- Highhouse Nigel
- Hildebrand Annalise K.
- Hill Hallie
- Hill Paula
- Hintsa Evan
- Hirschmann Anna E.
- Hitt Travis
- Ho Ella
- Hoang Thi D
- Hoff Isabelle J.
- Hoffman Alex
- Hogen Blake A.
- Horne Linda
- Horning Thomas M.
- Houck Timothy J
- House Jr. Tony A.
- Howell Noah H.
- Hrudka E. M.
- Hu J.
- Huang Chenqi
- Huang Jianyang
- Huang Shancheng
- Hudson Nathan C.
- Hudson Zachary A.
- Huebsch Tyler J.
- Hull Owen
- Hunter Samuel C
- Husted Troy
- Hutabarat Abigail P.
- Huynh Leslie
- Idoine Yolande
- Ingram Julia A.
- Iovan Taro
- Isert Samuel A.
- Jacobsen Thomas
- Jaimes Alan A
- Jameson Connor
- Jarriel J. R.
- Jarvis Sam
- Jenkins Josh
- Jensen Alexander V.
- Jeong Jacob
- Jeseritz Luke A.
- Jesse Trevor
- Ji Soo Yeun
- Jiang Yufan
- Jin Yan
- Johnson Matthew
- Johnson Owen
- Johnson Sawyer
- Johnston Braedon Y.
- Johnston Julia
- Jones M. R.
- Jones Olivia M.
- Jourabchi Tara
- Juels Parker
- Kainz Sabrina J. H. T.
- Kaiser Emily
- Kallemeyn Nicolas Ian
- Kalmus Madison H.
- Kalra Etash
- Kamenetskiy Margaret
- Kanokthippayakun Jeerakit
- Kapla Shaun D.
- Karsh Brennan J.
- Keating Caden J.
- Kelley Michael P.
- Kelley Morgan A.
- Kelly Christopher M
- Kelly James
- Kelly Nicholas
- Kelly Teagan
- Kennedy Abigail
- Kennedy Cayla J.
- Kennedy Forrest
- Kennedy Kellen
- Kerr-Layton Liana
- Ketterer Marilyn
- Khan Ibraheem A.
- Khan Usman
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- Publication venue
- 'American Astronomical Society'
- Publication date
- 09/05/2023
- Field of study
Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of
the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism
that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of
magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted
that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two
competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To
date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition,
extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a
substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One
way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which
describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power
law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold,
α=2 as established in prior literature, then there should be a
sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed
>600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number
of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory
course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis
methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy,
which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the
results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that α=1.63±0.03. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en
waves are an important driver of coronal heating.Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The
Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 7
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