Pension system's reform in Spain: a dynamic analysis of the effects in Welfare

100 p. : graf.El trabajo que se presenta como tesis doctoral tiene un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, se propone una metodología, el análisis dinámico de duración, para estimar los efectos que sobre el bienestar de la población jubilada pueden llegar a tener las reformas paramétricas de los actuales sistemas de pensiones públicos. En segundo lugar, se testan los efectos, tomando España como caso de estudio, de algunas de dichas reformas

A dynamic analysis of the effect of social security reform on Spanish widow pensioners

This paper shows the dynamic effects of the reform of the Spanish social security pension system on the pensions received by one of the most vulnerable groups of the population, namely, widows. We undertake a duration analysis to account for the effects of reform over time. We study the effects on the widows’ overall financial welfare in terms of the evolution of their risk of poverty. We show that the combined effects of the measures to be implemented will have a positive impact; that is to say, the risk of poverty diminishes with respect to the current financial situation of the widows. However, the risk of poverty increases as the pensioners get older

Paid and unpaid work in Rosario : the unequal distribution of time between men and women

El presente trabajo estudia los patrones de uso del tiempo de la población de la ciudad de Rosario en base a la Encuesta de Uso del Tiempo y Voluntariado del año 2010, realizada utilizando la metodología del “diario de actividades" del día anterior. Por un lado, se evidenció la existencia de una fuerte división sexual del trabajo en la que los varones dedican más tiempo al trabajo realizado para el mercado que las mujeres, y en la que las mujeres destinan casi tres veces más tiempo que los varones al trabajo no remunerado (doméstico y de cuidados). En segundo lugar se comprobó la existencia de una doble jornada femenina a partir del hecho de que las mujeres trabajan (remunerada y no remuneradamente) una mayor cantidad de horas que los varones, y se verificó que las mujeres trabajan más horas pero ganan menos, principalmente dado que su mayor carga de trabajo no recibe ninguna remuneración. Por último, a partir del análisis en función del nivel de ingresos se aprecia una desigualdad adicional intra-mujeres, siendo que aquellas que viven en hogares de menores ingresos dedican una mayor cantidad de tiempo al trabajo no remunerado que aquellas de hogares de mayores ingresos.This paper studies the time-use patterns of the local people of Rosario city based on the Time Use Survey and Volunteer of 2010, carried out using the methodology of the “daily activities" of the previous day. The study shows the existence of a strong sexual division of labor in which men spend more time on paid work than women, and where women spend nearly three times longer on unpaid work (domestic and care). Added to this, it is confirmed the existence of a female second shift from the fact that women work (paid and unpaid) a greater number of hours than men, and it was found that women work more hours but earn less than men do, mainly as most part of their work gets no financial rewards. Finally, the analysis based on the level of income shows an unequal situation between women since those living in lower-income households spend a greater amount of time on unpaid work than those from higher income households.Fil: Ganem, Javier. Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Giustiniani, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Peinado, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Rosari

The Effect of the Great Recession Unemployment on Spain's Pensioners

One of the main impacts of the Great Recession has been the increase in the rate of unemployment in Spain. Unemployment has a negative impact on the wages of workers, which, in those pension systems where pensions are computed according to wages, eventually affect pension benefits. In this contribution we estimate the impact of these detrimental effects on Spain’s pensioners’ welfare. According to our estimates the average pensioner is expected to lose the equivalent to 18 monthly payments of the initial pension entitlement. Additionally, the poverty risk faced by pensioners is estimated to increase between 10.6 and 24.6 per cent due to the effect of the Great Recession

Lan merkatuko genero desberdintasunaren bilakaera Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan (EAE) (2002-2020)

Bosgarren Garapen Iraunkorreko Helburuak (5. GIH) Genero Berdintasuna lortzea dauka helburu. Artikulu honetan Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko (EAE) lan-merkatuko genero berdintasunen bilakaera deskribatzen da 2002-2020 epealdian Langabeziako Genero Arrakala (LGA), Enpleguko Genero Arrakala (EGA), Jarduerako Genero Arrakala (JGA) eta Generoaren araberako Soldata Arrakala (SGA) aztertuz. Analisia egiteko lau azpiepealdi hartzen dira kontuan: Atzeraldi Handia baino lehenagokoa, Atzeraldi Handikoa, errekuperazio ekonomikoaren epealdia eta COVID-19aren hasierakoa. Emaitzek erakusten dutenez, EAEko genero arrakalek behera egin duten arren oraindik bide luzea dago genero berdintasuna lortzeko. Horrela, bada, EAEk bereziki generoaren araberako soldata-desberdintasunak murrizteko politikak garatzea gomendatzen da.; The aim of the Sustainable Development Goal number five is to achieve Gender Equality. In this article the evolution of gender differences in the labour market in the Basque Country is described for the period 2002-2020 by assessing the Gender Unemployment Gap (GUG), the Gender Employment Gap (GEG), the Gender Activity Gap (GAG) and the Gender Wage Gap (GWG). The analysis is performed for different subperiods of time: the period Prior to the Great Recession, the period of the Great Recession, the period of economic recovery and the beginning of COVID-19 period. Although gender gaps have diminished there is still a long path for the gender equality to be achieved. Policies aimed to close gender differences in wages are recommended for the Basque Country

Introducción a la Economía II. Principios de Macroeconomía

Duración (en horas): Más de 50 horas Destinatario: EstudianteMaterial docente para la aplicación de la metodología "Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP)" en la asignaura Introducción a la Economía II: Principios de Macroeconomía común al primer curso de todos los grados de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa de la UPV/EHU en Bilbao-Sarriko. El alumnado que curse la asignatura con esta metodología acabará contestando a la pregunta "Dada la situación económica actual en la CAV-EAE, ¿qué políticas macroeconómicas aconsajaría que implementasen las distintas autoridades económicas y qué consecuencias se derivarían de implementar cada una de ellas?". Cada estudiante es nombrado consejero de economía del gobierno (rol de estudiante) y vinculado a un equipo de trabajo donde desepeñará la labor que le sea encomendada. El profesor toma el rol de consejero jefe y aprovecha las ventajas de la evaluación con retroalimentación para dinamizar el trabajo colaborativo de los equipos. La experiencia es evaluada de excepcionalmente positiva tanto por el alumnado como para el docente. El alumnado declara haber adquirido competencias tanto teóricas como profesionales útiles para su futuro, muestra satisfacción personal y, además, una mejora de los resultados académicos. El docente califica la experiencia de laboriosa y muy satisfactoria y, con ello, anima a los docentes implicados en asignaturas iguales o similares utilicen el material para implementar la experiencia en las aulas

Epigenetics override pro-inflammatory PTGS transcriptomic signature towards selective hyperactivation of PGE 2 in colorectal cancer

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- et al.[Background]: Misregulation of the PTGS (prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, also known as cyclooxygenase or COX) pathway may lead to the accumulation of pro-inflammatory signals, which constitutes a hallmark of cancer. To get insight into the role of this signaling pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC), we have characterized the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of the PTGS pathway genes in normal and cancer cells. [Results]: Data from four independent series of CRC patients (502 tumors including adenomas and carcinomas and 222 adjacent normal tissues) and two series of colon mucosae from 69 healthy donors have been included in the study. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and Affymetrix U219 arrays. DNA methylation was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing, dissociation curves, and HumanMethylation450K arrays. Most CRC patients show selective transcriptional deregulation of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of prostanoids and their receptors in both tumor and its adjacent mucosa. DNA methylation alterations exclusively affect the tumor tissue (both adenomas and carcinomas), redirecting the transcriptional deregulation to activation of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) function and blockade of other biologically active prostaglandins. In particular, PTGIS, PTGER3, PTGFR, and AKR1B1 were hypermethylated in more than 40 % of all analyzed tumors. [Conclusions]: The transcriptional and epigenetic profiling of the PTGS pathway provides important clues on the biology of the tumor and its microenvironment. This analysis renders candidate markers with potential clinical applicability in risk assessment and early diagnosis and for the design of new therapeutic strategies.IC was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/28464/2006); JC was funded by a FPI fellowship. ADV was supported in part by a contract from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (PTC2011-1091). This work was supported by the MINECO(SAF2011/23638, SAF2014/52492), the Catalan Institute of Oncology and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant PI11-01439, RD12/0042/0019 and CIBERESP CB06/02/2005), the Generalitat de Catalunya (grant 2014SGR647), and the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC).Peer Reviewe

Interference-Aware Schedulability Analysis and Task Allocation for Multicore Hard Real-Time Systems

[EN] There has been a trend towards using multicore platforms for real-time embedded systems due to their high computing performance. In the scheduling of a multicore hard real-time system, there are interference delays due to contention of shared hardware resources. The main sources of interference are memory, cache memory, and the shared memory bus. These interferences are a great source of unpredictability and they are not always taken into account. Recent papers have proposed task models and schedulability algorithms to account for this interference delay. The aim of this paper is to provide a schedulability analysis for a task model that incorporates interference delay, for both fixed and dynamic priorities. We assume an implicit deadline task model. We rely on a task model where this interference is integrated in a general way, without depending on a specific type of hardware resource. There are similar approaches, but they consider fixed priorities. An allocation algorithm to minimise this interference (Imin) is also proposed and compared with existing allocators. The results show how Imin has the best rates in terms of percentages of schedulability and increased utilisation. In addition, Imin presents good results in terms of solution times.This work was supported under Grant PLEC2021-007609 funded by MCIN/ AEI/ 10.13039/ 501100011033 and by the "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR".Aceituno-Peinado, JM.; Guasque Ortega, A.; Balbastre, P.; Simó Ten, JE.; Crespo, A. (2022). Interference-Aware Schedulability Analysis and Task Allocation for Multicore Hard Real-Time Systems. Electronics. 11(9):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics1109131312111

Times and gaps in Scientific and Technological System of Santa Fe, Argentina

[ES] A partir del estudio desagregado en los estratos: «Institutos y Universidad», el presente trabajo muestra que el Sistema Científico y Tecnológico de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina: está feminizado (54% y 61% de la población respectivamente), remunera menos a las mujeres (un 8% y un 36% menos respectivamente), e implica que las mujeres trabajen más horas que los varones pero ganando menos (la parte remunerada de la carga de trabajo que no recibe remuneración es del 32% en ambos estratos para ellas, frente al 28% y 20% de los varones respectivamente). De esta manera se puede apreciar cómo un sistema científico-tecnológico que se plantea como “neutral” al género, amplifica las desigualdades de género.[EN] Based on the study broken down into the strata: «Institutes and University», this work shows that the Scientific and Technological System (Santa Fe, Argentina): it is feminized (54% and 61% of the population respectively), it pays less to women (8% and 36% less respectively), and implies that women work more hours than men but earn less (the remunerated part of the workload that does not receive remuneration is 32% in both strata for them, compared to 28% and 20% of males respectively). In this way, a scientific-technological system that is considered as "neutral" to gender can be found to amplify gender inequalities