Methodology for the analysis of vulnerability to water watershed supplying climate variability

This research paper presents a methodology for the analysis of vulnerabi­lity of water supply sources with regional results (Popayan and Cajibío), considering the following points: 1) incorporation of relevant indicators of municipal water supply sources, 2) Local knowledge on perception, and identification of climate related problems, 3) mathematical procedures and adjust the algorithm for calculating the vulnerability and 4) coordination with territorial planning instruments. As a result, the vulnerability in the current scenario of the Rio Las Piedras subbasin (Popayán) is medium low (0.42) product generated by adaptive capacity developed synergistic processes between local actors; in contrast, the basin of the river Michicao (Cajibio) has a high average vulnerability (0.54) due to social dislocation, low institutional presence and zero environmental investment.Este artículo de investigación presenta una metodología para el análisis de vulnerabilidad de fuentes abastecedoras de agua con resultados regionales (Popayán y Cajibío), considerando los siguientes elementos: 1) Incorpora­ción de indicadores pertinentes para fuentes abastecedoras de acueductos municipales, 2) Saberes locales sobre percepción, clima e identificación de problemáticas relacionadas, 3) Procedimientos matemáticos y ajuste del algoritmo para calcular la vulnerabilidad y 4) articulación con instrumentos de planificación territorial. Como resultado, la vulnerabilidad en el escenario actual de la subcuenca río Las Piedras (Popayán) es medio baja (0,42), produc­to de la capacidad adaptativa generada por procesos sinérgicos desarrollados entre los actores locales; en contraste, la subcuenca del río Michicao (Cajibío) presenta una vulnerabilidad media alta (0,54), debido a la desarticulación social, baja presencia institucional y nula inversión ambiental

133,000 Years of Sedimentary Record in a Contourite Drift in the Western Alboran Sea: Sediment Sources and Paleocurrent Reconstruction

The Djibouti Ville Drift is part of a contourite depositional system located on the southern side of the Djibouti Ville Seamount in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean). The sedimentary record of a core located in the drift deposits has been characterized to achieve the possible sediment sources for the Saharan dust supply and the paleocurrent variability related to Mediterranean intermediate waters for the last 133 kyr. Three end-member grain-size distributions characterize the sediment record transported by the bottom current to address the different aeolian populations, i.e., coarse EM1, silty EM2, and fine EM3. For these particles, the most likely source areas are the Saharan sedimentary basins and deserts, as well as the cratonic basins of the Sahara-Sahel Dust Corridor. The prevalence of these main source areas is shown in the core record, where a noticeable change occurs during the MIS 5 to MIS 4 transition. Some punctual sediment inputs from the seamount have been recognized during sea-level lowstand, but there is no evidence of fluvial supply in the drift deposits. The paleocurrent reconstruction allows the characterizing of the stadial and cold periods by large increases in the mean sortable silt fraction and UP10, which point to an enhanced bottom current strength related to intermediate water masses. Conversely, interglacial periods are characterized by weaker bottom current activity, which is associated with denser deep water masses. These proxies also recorded the intensified Saharan wind transport that occurred during interstadial/stadial transitions. All these results point to the importance of combining sediment source areas with major climatic oscillations and paleocurrent variability in palaeoceanographic sedimentary archives, which may help to develop future climate prediction models.Fil: López González, Nieves. Instituto Español de Oceanografía; EspañaFil: Alonso, Belén. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar; EspañaFil: Juan, Carmen. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar; EspañaFil: Ercilla, Gemma. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar; EspañaFil: Bozzano, Graziella. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval. Departamento Oceanografía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cacho, Isabel. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Casas, David. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: Palomino, Desirée. Instituto Español de Oceanografía; EspañaFil: Vázquez, Juan Tomás. Instituto Español de Oceanografía; EspañaFil: Estrada, Ferran. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar; EspañaFil: Bárcenas, Patricia. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar; EspañaFil: d’Acremont, Elia. Sorbonne Universités; FranciaFil: Gorini, Christian. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Sorbonne University; FranciaFil: Moumni, Bouchta El. Université Abdelmalek Essaadi; Marrueco

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[p.4] Canviar l’educació per canviar el món[p.8] Em sento bé?[p.14] Un enverinament consentit[p.18] Crim i consum[p.22] Trencar amb el pessimisme[p.28] Educació en construcció[p.35] La salut en el mil·lenni[p.36] Bé per al clima, bo per a la salut[p.40] El debat de les vacunes[p.42] Wi-Fi: dret o amenaça?[p.44] Discriminació ambiental[p.32] Entrevista: Teresa CasasPeer Reviewe

133,000 Years of Sedimentary Record in a Contourite Drift in the Western Alboran Sea: Sediment Sources and Paleocurrent Reconstruction

The Djibouti Ville Drift is part of a contourite depositional system located on the southern side of the Djibouti Ville Seamount in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean). The sedimentary record of a core located in the drift deposits has been characterized to achieve the possible sediment sources for the Saharan dust supply and the paleocurrent variability related to Mediterranean intermediate waters for the last 133 kyr. Three end-member grain-size distributions characterize the sediment record transported by the bottom current to address the different aeolian populations, i.e., coarse EM1, silty EM2, and fine EM3. For these particles, the most likely source areas are the Saharan sedimentary basins and deserts, as well as the cratonic basins of the Sahara-Sahel Dust Corridor. The prevalence of these main source areas is shown in the core record, where a noticeable change occurs during the MIS 5 to MIS 4 transition. Some punctual sediment inputs from the seamount have been recognized during sea-level lowstand, but there is no evidence of fluvial supply in the drift deposits. The paleocurrent reconstruction allows the characterizing of the stadial and cold periods by large increases in the mean sortable silt fraction and UP10, which point to an enhanced bottom current strength related to intermediate water masses. Conversely, interglacial periods are characterized by weaker bottom current activity, which is associated with denser deep water masses. These proxies also recorded the intensified Saharan wind transport that occurred during interstadial/stadial transitions. All these results point to the importance of combining sediment source areas with major climatic oscillations and paleocurrent variability in palaeoceanographic sedimentary archives, which may help to develop future climate prediction models

Banco de recursos didácticos sobre Métodos Específicos de Intervención en Fisioterapia

Depto. de EnfermeríaSección Deptal. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia (Enfermería)Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaFALSEsubmitte

Evaluation of aflatoxin and fumonisin co-exposure in urine samples from healthy volunteers in northern Mexico

Aflatoxins (AF) and fumonisins (FB) are common contaminants of maize and have been associated with cancer, immune suppression, and growth stunting. In this work, AFM(1) and FB(1) were measured in urine samples of healthy volunteers from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico, while AF and FB were detected in foods collected near the sampling zone. Urine samples from 106 adults were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and toxins in foods were measured by fluorometry. The mean value of AFM(1) and FB(1) was 4.3 pg/mg creatinine from 76 samples (72 %), and 50 pg/mg creatinine from 75 samples (71 %), respectively. More than half of the samples (n = 56, 53 %) had detectable levels of both AFM(1) and FB(1). No differences in toxin levels were found between males and females or between age groups, but AFM(1) and FB(1) levels were higher (p < 0.01) when detected as a single exposure compared to co-exposed. Some significant results were found when comparing AFM(1) and FB(1) levels among groups of people assigned to levels of food consumption. Food samples had average concentrations of 5.3 μg/kg for AF and 800 μg/kg for FB. The results showed that co-exposure to AF and FB is common in the metropolitan area of Monterrey

Submarine canyons and related features in the Alboran Sea: continental margins and major isolated reliefs

The analysis of a data set of multibeam bathymetry plus high resolution seismic and parametric profiles allow us to characterize the geomorphologic units on the Alboran Sea-floor as well as the evolution of morpho-sedimentary systems along the Pliocene and Quaternary, later than the main erosive Messinian event. Since the opening of the Gibraltar Straits, the sedimentary evolution of this basin has been controlled by the interchange of water masses between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Basin physiography is also a consequence of the Pliocene-Quaternary compression which has progressively uplifted the sourrounding reliefs and deforms the interior and the margins of the basin. On this scenario, several submarine canyons and gullies have been developed in this basin which traverse especially the northern margin and the flanks of the Northern Alboran Ridge, without affecting the African margins. This fact must be related to the action of bottom contour currents which constitute the main morpho-sedimentary process. The influence of water masses distributed the sedimentary input carried by rivers and coming from the erosion of surrounding ranges. In the southern margin of this basin this influence is stronger and inhibits the development of transversal submarine canyons

The Guadiaro-Baños contourite drifts (SW Mediterranean). A geotechnical approach to stability analysis

Two Quaternary plastered contourite drifts, with terraced and low-mounded morphologies, make up the continental slope and base-of-slope in the northwestern Alboran Sea, respectively, between the Guadiaro and Baños turbidite systems, close to the Strait of Gibraltar. Considering their significant lateral extent, the link between the contourite drift deposits and landslides may be particularly important for hazard assessment. The physical properties, composition and geometry of contourite drifts have been proposed as key factors in slope stability, although this relationship still needs to be better constrained. In this work, new in-situ geotechnical data (cone penetration tests; CPTu) has been combined with morphostratigraphic, sedimentological, and (laboratory) geotechnical properties to determine the stability of the Guadiaro-Baños drifts. For the depositional domains of both drifts, the resulting sedimentary and geotechnical model describes low-plasticity granular and silty sands on the erosive terraced domain that evolve seawards to silty and silty-clay deposits with a higher plasticity and uniform geomechanical properties. For the shallower coarse-grained contourite sediments, the cohesion (c') and internal friction angle (ϕ') values are 0–9 kPa and 46–30°, respectively, whereas for the distal fine contourites the undrained shear strength gradient (∇Su) is 2 kPa/m. These properties allow us to establish high factors of safety for all the scenarios considered, including seismic loading. Slope failure may be triggered in the unlikely event that there is seismic acceleration of PGA > 0.19, although no potential glide planes have been observed within the first 20 m below the seafloor. This suggests that the contourite drifts studied tend to resist failure better than others with similar sedimentary characteristics. The interplay of several processes is proposed to explain the enhanced undrained shear strength: 1) the geometry of the drifts, defined by an upper contouritic terrace and lower low-mounded shapes; 2) recurrent low-intensity earthquakes with insufficient energy to trigger landslides, favouring increased strength due to dynamic compaction; and 3) cyclic loading induced by solitons/internal waves acting on the sediment.En prens