Analysis of three polymorphisms in Bidayuh ethnic of Sarawak population: A report from Malaysia

Insertion/deletion polymorphism of YAP (DYS287), M96 and M120 polymorphisms in Bidayuh ethnic populations of Sarawak, Malaysia were analyzed in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from 180 buccal samples and amplified by Hot-Start PCR method. The amplified PCR products were separated by using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. 26 out of 180 samples (14.44%) have shown insertion (YAP+) polymorphism, while the rest of the samples (85.56%) have shown deletion (YAP-) polymorphism. M96 derived and ancestral allele reveal 102 (56.67%) and 78 (43.33%), respectively and 96 (53.33%), while for M120 derived allele and 84 (46.67%) for M120 ancestral allele. This study has provided the information about the distribution of YAP, M96 and M120 polymorphisms in Bidayuh ethnic population of Sarawak. This study has to be continued with more samples to determine the YAP polymorphism and also the biallelic markers in Bidayuh population.Keywords: Y-chromosome, YAP, Sarawak

Analysis of glutathione S-transferase (M1, T1 and P1) gene polymorphisms in Iranian prostate cancer subjects

Glutathione S-transferase enzymes are active in detoxifying a wide number of endogenous and exogenous chemical carcinogens and subsequently, are crucial in protecting the DNA. Several studies show some differences in association of glutathione S-transferase M1, T1 and P1 genetic polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer in various populations. The current study was done with Iranian subjects to evaluate the association of the polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase subtypes (T, M and P) and the susceptibility of prostate cancer in Iranian patients as compared to controls. Blood samples were collected from 65 prostate cancer patients and 65 unrelated health individuals as controls from Milad hospital, Tehran, Iran. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to determine the polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) -313 A/G gene, while multiplex PCR method was utilized to detect the glutathione S-transferase teta (GSTT) 1 and glutathione S-transferase mμ (GSTM) 1 null allele. There was no significant association in the -313 G allele (Val) of GSTP1 gene  olymorphism and prostate cancer risk (odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.08 - 4.60, p = 0.627). Moreover, no relationship was found between the polymorphism of GSTT1 (odds ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.27 - 1.62) and GSTM1 (odds ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.27 - 1.08) genes and higher risk of prostate cancer among Iranian subjects (p > 0.05). This study showed that either GSTP1-313 G polymorphism or GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes cannot be predisposing risk factors for prostate cancer among Iranian subjects.Key words: Glutathione S-transferase, prostate cancer, polymorphism

Analysis of human bradykinin receptor gene and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms in end-stage renal disease among Malaysians

The aim of this study was to determine the association of the c.894G>T; p.Glu298Asp polymorphism and the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and c.181C>T polymorphism of the bradykinin type 2 receptor gene (B2R) in Malaysian end-stage renal disease (ESRD) subjects. A total of 150 ESRD patients were recruited from the National Kidney Foundation’s (NKF)dialysis centers in Malaysia and compared with 150 normal healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells of all the subjects. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was carried out to amplify the products and the restricted fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Statistical analyses were carried out using software where a level of p T, 4b/a) and eNOS gene (c.894G>T) polymorphisms were not statistically significant (p >0.05) when compared to the control subjects. The B2R and eNOS gene polymorphisms may not be considered as genetic susceptibility markers for Malaysian ESRD subjects

Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Dribbling Permainan Bola Basket

Learning outcomes play a very important role in the teaching and learning process as they can be used as a standard to measure the extent of changes that occur in students after receiving learning experiences that can be observed and measured through the knowledge, attitudes, and skills they acquire. This study aims to determine the influence of motivation on the learning outcomes of dribbling in basketball. This study uses a correlational research design with a simple regression technique. The study was conducted at Triatma Mulya University with a sample size of 16 students in the Primary School Teacher Education Program. The data collection technique for the level of motivation in this study uses a questionnaire, while the learning outcomes are measured using the skills score in the Physical Education course with dribbling basketball material. The results of this study show that learning motivation has a positive influence on the learning outcomes of dribbling basketball material by 86.8%

Haplotype analysis of β-Thalassaemia major and carriers with Filipino β°-deletion in Sabah, Malaysia

Objective: The Filipino β°-deletion has been reported as a unique mutation in East Malaysia with a severe phenotype due to the complete absence of β-globin chain synthesis. In this study, the haplotype patterns of the β-globin gene cluster were used to relate the human genetic variation to this specific β-thalassaemia mutation. Methods: The 376 study subjects included 219 β-thalassaemia major (β-TM) patients with homozygous Filipino β°-deletion and 157 carriers with heterozygous Filipino β°-deletion from 10 government hospitals in different regions of Sabah. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood using silica membrane based DNA purification protocol. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) was conducted on five markers within the β-globin gene cluster to construct the haplotype patterns.Results: Four haplotypes (Haplotype I–IV) were identified with Haplotype I as the predominant haplotype with the highest frequency of 0.98, followed by Haplotype II, III and Haplotype IV with 0.02. Haplotype I was strongly linked with the Filipino β°-deletion among the indigenous population. Conclusion: Haplotype I as the predominant haplotype suggests the patients with the Filipino β°-deletion in Sabah have a similar origin

Molecular basis of transfusion dependent beta-thalassemia major patients in Sabah

Beta-thalassemia is one of the most prevalent inherited diseases and a public health problem in Malaysia. Malaysia is geographically divided into West and East Malaysia. In Sabah, a state in East Malaysia, there are over 1000 estimated cases of β-thalassemia major patients. Accurate population frequency data of the molecular basis of β-thalassemia major are needed for planning its control in the high-risk population of Sabah. Characterization of β-globin gene defects was done in 252 transfusion dependent β-thalassemia patients incorporating few PCR techniques. The study demonstrates that β-thalassemia mutations inherited are ethnically dependent. It is important to note that 86.9% of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major patients in Sabah were of the indigenous population and homozygous for a single mutation. The Filipino β0-deletion was a unique mutation found in the indigenous population of Sabah. Mutations common in West Malaysia were found in 11 (4.3%) patients. Four rare mutations (Hb Monroe, CD 8/9, CD 123/124/125 and IVS I-2) were also found. This study is informative on the population genetics of β-thalassemia major in Saba

The EFFECT OF SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATION OF LEAD ON DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID DEHYDRATASE ACTIVITY AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN THE JAVANESE CARP Puntius gonionotus (BLEEKER)

The activity of the erythrocyte delta-Aminolevulinie acid dehydratase (ALA-D) of carp, Puntius gonionotus, was measured under a variety of lead (Pb) exposure conditions

Physico-chemical properties of native and cross-linked banana starches (Ciri fizikokimia kanji pisang asli dan kanji pisang rangkaian silang)

Abstrak Ekstrak kanji pisang varieti Awak, Embun dan Nangka dirangkai silang dengan menggunakan natrium trimetafosfat. Ciri fizikokimia kanji asli dan kanji rangkaian silang ditentukan. Cirinya dibandingkan dengan ciri kanji pisang yang dikaji di tempat lain. Perbezaannya dengan kanji pisang varieti lain juga dikenal pasti. Keluk viskositi pes kanji tersebut didapati serupa dengan keluk kanji jagung terubahsuai komersial yang disyorkan untuk sos. Viskositi pes kanji asli dan kanji rangkaian silang Embun lebih tinggi daripada viskositi pes kanji varieti Awak dan Nangka. Pengasingan air (sineresis) kanji asli dan kanji rangkaian silang Embun terendah manakala sineresis bagi kanji Nangka tertinggi. Kanji asli pisang mengandungi lembapan, protein, lemak, abu dan serabut kasar yang rendah. Kandungan amilosanya berjulat antara 33.6% hingga 40.9%. Kandungan sisa fosforus dan fosfat kanji rangkaian silang lebih rendah daripada tahap yang dibenarkan oleh FAO/WHO dan EEC. Kedua-dua kanji asli dan kanji rangkaian silang boleh digunakan sebagai pemekat bagi makanan yang berasid. Akan tetapi kanji rangkaian silang lebih stabil terhadap haba, pH dan ricih. Abstract The extracted starches of banana varieties Awak, Cavendish and Nangka were cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate. Their physico-chemical properties were determined and compared with banana varieties studied elsewhere. The pasting viscosity curves of banana starches were similar to that of a commercial modified corn starch recommended for sauces. The pasting viscosities of native and cross-linked Cavendish starches were higher than those of the other two varieties. The water separation in native and cross-linked Cavendish starches was the lowest while that of Nangka was the highest. The native banana starches had low moisture, protein, fat, ash and crude fibre contents. The amylose contents of banana starches were between 33.6% and 40.9%. The residual phosphorus and phosphate contents were lower than the permitted levels specified by FAO/WHO and EEC. Both native and cross-linked banana starches can be used as thickener in acidic foods such as sauces but the cross-linked ones are more stable to heat, pH and shear