91 research outputs found
Troubles de la mĂ©moire dĂ©clarative verbale et dĂ©pression : revue de la littĂ©rature et Ă©tude de lâimpact des antĂ©cĂ©dents dĂ©pressifs sur la mĂ©moire dĂ©clarative verbale chez une population de patients dĂ©primĂ©s
Les troubles de la mĂ©moire dĂ©clarative verbale sont trĂšs souvent retrouvĂ©s au cours comme au dĂ©cours dâun Ă©pisode dĂ©pressif majeur, dans le cadre dâun trouble de lâhumeur unipolaire ou bipolaire. Ces troubles mnĂ©siques peuvent ĂȘtre significativement aggravĂ©s par la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de lâĂ©pisode et par la prĂ©sence de caractĂ©ristiques mĂ©lancoliques. La sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© Ă©volutive du trouble dĂ©pressif a aussi une influence nĂ©gative, qui peut cependant ĂȘtre masquĂ©e au moment dâun Ă©pisode dĂ©pressif par la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© clinique de lâĂ©pisode et des troubles de lâattention et de la motivation associĂ©s. Une Ă©tude sur 30 patients soutient ces donnĂ©es et suggĂšre quâil existe une influence Ă la fois dâun facteur « trait » et dâun facteur « Ă©tat » sur les capacitĂ©s de mĂ©moire dĂ©clarative verbale des patients dĂ©primĂ©s. Une hypothĂšse explicative serait celle dâune neurotoxicitĂ© de la maladie dĂ©pressive sur les cognitions et notamment sur la mĂ©moire dĂ©clarative verbale, via une atteinte de lâhippocampe, retrouvĂ© atrophiĂ© dans la dĂ©pression. Plusieurs mĂ©canismes physiopathologiques ont Ă©tĂ© impliquĂ©s, comme une dysrĂ©gulation de lâaxe hypothalamo-hypophyso-cortico-surrĂ©nalien et/ou des processus inflammatoires, associĂ©s Ă des troubles de la neurogĂ©nĂšse et de la plasticitĂ© neuronale hippocampique. Lâexistence dâune vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique prĂ©alable pourrait agir par diffĂ©rents biais sur le volume de lâhippocampe et la survenue de la dĂ©pression. Les traitements utilisĂ©s dans la dĂ©pression sont associĂ©s Ă des effets neurotrophiques et de neurogĂ©nĂšse au niveau de lâhippocampe, ce qui pourrait rendre compte de lâamĂ©lioration des troubles de mĂ©moire dĂ©clarative verbale observĂ©e au dĂ©cours de la prise en charge
CrĂ©ativitĂ©, adaptabilitĂ© et compĂ©tences Ă sâorienter tout au long de la vie.
Two major approaches have emerged in the discipline of career counseling to determine the key factors in career development: the relationship between creative potential and adaptability, and between creative potential and the individual characteristics of personality, motivation, and logical reasoning. This research attempts to integrate these two approaches by evaluating the impact of each of these factors on adaptability. 500 undergraduate volunteers filled out self-assessment questionnaires and performed timed graphic efficiency tests. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The findings indicate that the individual characteristics of personality and motivation have higher correlation with adaptability than creativity and logical reasoning. Future research should involve different populations and employ non-graphic tests of creativity to confirm these results. If confirmed it would then be necessary to further explore the role of creativity in career development.Partant du constat que les compĂ©tences crĂ©atives ont Ă©tĂ© peu Ă©tudiĂ©es dans le champ de lâorientation, alors mĂȘme que les conduites dâorientation dans le contexte sociĂ©tal moderne font trĂšs largement appel aux compĂ©tences individuelles dâouverture, de flexibilitĂ©, dâoriginalitĂ©, dâadaptation, voire mĂȘme dâinnovation, la thĂšse prĂ©sentĂ©e examine la place et le rĂŽle de la crĂ©ativitĂ© comme composante des compĂ©tences Ă sâorienter.AprĂšs avoir explorĂ© diffĂ©rentes associations possibles entre crĂ©ativitĂ© et diffĂ©rentes compĂ©tences Ă sâorienter, nous nous focalisons dâune part sur les relations entre la crĂ©ativitĂ© et lâadaptabilitĂ© de carriĂšre telles que dĂ©finies et opĂ©rationnalisĂ©es par Savickas (Savickas & Porfeli, 2012), et dâautre part entre la crĂ©ativitĂ© et lâadaptabilitĂ© individuelle telle que dĂ©finie et opĂ©rationnalisĂ©e par Ployart et Bliese (2006). Une Ă©tude portant sur un Ă©chantillon dâĂ©tudiants de premier cycle universitaire en France (n = 500) a Ă©tĂ© conduite et les rĂ©sultats obtenus indiquent des corrĂ©lations significatives et positives entre le potentiel crĂ©atif et certaines des dimensions de lâadaptabilitĂ© individuelle et de carriĂšre et invitent Ă accorder une place plus importante Ă la crĂ©ativitĂ© dans les modĂšles dâorientation tout au long de la vie
A homogenizing process of selection has maintained an \u27ultra-slow\u27 acetylation NAT2 variant in humans
N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a wide spectrum of naturally occurring xenobiotics, including therapeutic drugs and common environmental carcinogens. Extensive polymorphism in NAT2 gives rise to a wide interindividual variation in acetylation capacity which influences individual susceptibility to various drug-induced adverse reactions and cancers. Striking patterns of geographic differentiation have been described for the main slow acetylation variants of the NAT2 gene, suggesting the action of natural selection at this locus. In the present study, we took advantage of the whole-genome sequence data available from the 1000 Genomes project to investigate the global patterns of population genetic differentiation at NAT2 and determine whether they are atypical compared to the remaining variation of the genome. The non-synonymous substitution c.590G\u3eA (rs1799930) defining the slow NAT2*6 haplotype cluster exhibited an unusually low FST value when compared to the genome average (FST = 0.006, P-value = 0.016). It was pointed out as the most likely target of a homogenizing process of selection promoting the same allelic variant in globally distributed populations. The rs1799930 A allele has been associated with the slowest acetylation capacity in vivo and its substantial correlation with the subsistence strategy adopted by past human populations suggests that it may have conferred a selective advantage in populations shifting from foraging to agricultural and pastoral activities in the Neolithic period. Results of neutrality tests further supported an adaptive evolution of the NAT2 gene through either balancing selection or directional selection acting on multiple standing slow-causing variants
Un environnement émancipant pour apprendre et coopérer : le cas Matrice
International audienceMatrice est une association crĂ©Ă©e pour dĂ©velopper une formation dans le cadre dâun environnement Ă©mancipant, propice Ă lâapprentissage de la coopĂ©ration dans le respect de lâaltĂ©ritĂ©. Ce projet est portĂ© par un travail de recherche questionnant les enjeux des formations Ă lâinnovation et montrant lâimportance du processus de construction dâune identitĂ© socioprofessionnelle singuliĂšre et unique chez les Ă©tudiants. LâĂ©tude du dispositif pĂ©dagogique de cette formation Ă©claire lâimportance du cadre posĂ© pour que les Ă©changes entre Ă©tudiants puissent construire un vĂ©ritable Ă©cosystĂšme collaboratif
Investigation of reactiveâionâetchâinduced damage of InP/InGaAs multiple quantum wells by photoluminescence
The effects of CH4/H2 reactive ion etching (RIE) on the optical properties of an InP/InGaAs multipleâquantumâwell structure have been investigated by lowâtemperature photoluminescence (PL). The structure consisted of eight InGaAs quantum wells, lattice matched to InP, with nominal thicknesses of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 70 monolayers, respectively, on top of a 200ânmâthick layer of InGaAs for calibration. The design of this structure allowed etchâinduced damage depth to be obtained from the PL spectra due to the different confinement energies of the quantum wells. The samples showed no significant decrease of luminescence intensity after RIE. However, the observed shift and broadening of the PL peaks from the quantum wells indicate that intermixing of well and barrier material increased with etch time. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70403/2/JAPIAU-78-3-1528-1.pd
Sens de la vie, sens du travail et orientation professionnelle : un dispositif innovant dâaccompagnement des adultes
Cet article expose la mĂ©thodologie dâun dispositif innovant dâaccompagnement pour adultes visant lâappropriation du « sens de sa vie », dans la perspective de construire son orientation professionnelle. Partant des cadres thĂ©oriques de la psychologie positive et du « life-designing », la mĂ©thodologie sâappuie sur une animation de groupe comportant sept sĂ©ances de deux heures et incluant des exercices originaux. Une premiĂšre Ă©valuation permet de dĂ©gager certains constats et de formuler des prĂ©conisations relatives aux interventions Ă dĂ©velopper pour que les personnes soient davantage actrices de leur vie et y trouvent du sens.This article presents the methodology for an innovative approach to guidance counseling for adults, by having them take ownership of the meaning of life in order to develop their career choice. Based on the theoretical framework of positive psychology and life-designing models, the methodology is based on seven 2-hour group-counseling sessions and original exercises. An initial assessment will present certain findings and make recommendations on which actions to develop so that the people become better actors of their own lives and will find meaning in it
La CGTU en Loire-Inférieure de 1922 à 1935
After the division in syndicalism in Loire-Inférieure in the early twenties, particularly in the metallurgical sector, two opposing concepts emerged, on one side the reformist ideas of the confederates (being the majority in Saint-Nazaire) whose leaders, for the most part, supported the SFIO ; and on the other, the class syndicalism of the «unitaires», solidly implanted in Nantes. But undermined by internal conflicts (anarchist minorities, owing allegiance to the Communist Party) and repressed by management and the police, the CGTU remained a minority during its 13 years of existence.En Loire-Inférieure, deux conceptions du syndicalisme s'opposent au lendemain de la scission syndicale du début des années 20, notamment dans le secteur de la Métallurgie : au réformisme des confédérés (majoritaires sur Saint-Nazaire),dont la plupart des leaders sont proches de la SFIO, répond le syndicalisme de classe des unitaires solidement implantés sur Nantes. Mais, minée par des conflits internes (minorité anarchiste, inféodation au Parti communiste) et victime de la répression patronale et policiÚre, la CGTU demeurera largement minoritaire durant ses 13 ans d'existence.Patillon Christophe. La CGTU en Loire-Inférieure de 1922 à 1935. In: Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest. Tome 102, numéro 3, 1995. La CGT en Bretagne : Un centenaire. pp. 91-113
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