96 research outputs found

    AUTOREGULATION CEREBROVASCULAIRE SOUS ANESTHESIE GENERALE

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     En situation post-opĂ©ratoire, les complications de type accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral (AVC), dĂ©lires et confusions sont plus frĂ©quemment observĂ©es chez les personnes ĂągĂ©es que chez les jeunes. L'Ăąge a d'ailleurs Ă©tĂ© dĂ©fini comme un facteur de risque d'atteinte cognitive post-­‐opĂ©ratoire [14, 15]. Il a Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© montrĂ© que pour diverses raisons expliquĂ©es ci-­‐dessus, le mĂ©canisme d'AC Ă©tait perturbĂ© sous anesthĂ©sie gĂ©nĂ©rale par volatils [12]. Ainsi, l'AC Ă©tant moins fiable sous sĂ©dation, le DSC est moins constant et les variations de PPC peuvent ĂȘtre Ă  l'origine d'Ă©pisodes ischĂ©miques cliniquement silencieux. Il est alors lĂ©gitime de se demander si l'atteinte du systĂšme d'AC sous anesthĂ©sie gĂ©nĂ©rale par volatil ne serait pas en lien avec les complications post-­‐ opĂ©ratoires observĂ©es chez la personne ĂągĂ©e. L'objectif de l'Ă©tude est de dĂ©terminer le comportement du systĂšme d'AC et ses valeurs seuils sous anesthĂ©sie gĂ©nĂ©rale par volatil, chez la personne ĂągĂ©e comparativement au sujet jeune. Si une diffĂ©rence de seuil d'AC peut-­‐ĂȘtre mise en Ă©vidence entre les deux populations, il sera intĂ©ressant de voir si elle est applicable en clinique, ceci afin de prĂ©venir les complications post-­‐opĂ©ratoires. Peu de travaux ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s sur le lien entre le systĂšme d'AC et l'Ăąge, qui plus est sous sĂ©dation par volatil. Et pourtant, avec le vieillissement de la population, le nombre d'anesthĂ©sie gĂ©nĂ©rale chez des patients ĂągĂ©s est en constante augmentation. Les AVC, Ă  l'origine d'handicaps physiques et cognitifs majeurs, et leur prise en charge reprĂ©sentent un coĂ»t certain pour l'assurance maladie. Il devient donc de plus en plus urgent de comprendre le comportement du systĂšme d'AC chez la personne ĂągĂ©e sous anesthĂ©sie gĂ©nĂ©rale. Plus qu'un simple intĂ©rĂȘt scientifique, cette Ă©tude est directement appliquĂ©e Ă  la clinique et est pleinement d'actualitĂ©

    Time-Series Data Mining:A Review

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    Data mining refers to the extraction of knowledge by analyzing the data from different perspectives and accumulates them to form useful information which could help the decision makers to take appropriate decisions. Classification and clustering has been the two broad areas in data mining. As the classification is a supervised learning approach, the clustering is an unsupervised learning approach and hence can be performed without the supervision of the domain experts. The basic concept is to group the objects in such a way so that the similar objects are closer to each. Time series data is observation of the data over a period of time. The estimation of the parameter, outlier detection and transformation of the data are some ofthe basic issues in handling the time series data. An approach is given for clustering the data based on the membership values assigned to each data point compressing the effect of outlier or noise present in the data. The Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means (PFCM) with Error Prediction (EP) are done for the clustering and noise identification in the time-series data

    Non-Ischemic Cerebral Energy Dysfunction at the Early Brain Injury Phase following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

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    The pathophysiology of early brain injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still not completely understood. Using brain perfusion CT (PCT) and cerebral microdialysis (CMD), we examined whether non-ischemic cerebral energy dysfunction may be a pathogenic determinant of EBI. A total of 21 PCTs were performed (a median of 41 h from ictus onset) among a cohort of 18 comatose mechanically ventilated SAH patients (mean age 58 years, median admission WFNS score 4) who underwent CMD and brain tissue PO2 (PbtO2) monitoring. Cerebral energy dysfunction was defined as CMD episodes with lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) >40 and/or lactate >4 mmol/L. PCT-derived global CBF was categorized as oligemic (CBF < 28 mL/100 g/min), normal (CBF 28-65 mL/100 g/min), or hyperemic (CBF 69-85 mL/100 g/min), and was matched to CMD/PbtO2 data. Global CBF (57 ± 14 mL/100 g/min) and PbtO2 (25 ± 9 mm Hg) were within normal ranges. Episodes with cerebral energy dysfunction (n = 103 h of CMD samples, average duration 7.4 h) were frequent (66% of CMD samples) and were associated with normal or hyperemic CBF. CMD abnormalities were more pronounced in conditions of hyperemic vs. normal CBF (LPR 54 ± 12 vs. 42 ± 7, glycerol 157 ± 76 vs. 95 ± 41 ”mol/L; both p < 0.01). Elevated brain LPR correlated with higher CBF (r = 0.47, p < 0.0001). Cerebral energy dysfunction is frequent at the early phase following poor-grade SAH and is associated with normal or hyperemic brain perfusion. Our data support the notion that mechanisms alternative to ischemia/hypoxia are implicated in the pathogenesis of early brain injury after SAH

    Improvement of Neuroenergetics by Hypertonic Lactate Therapy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Is Dependent on Baseline Cerebral Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio.

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    Energy dysfunction is associated with worse prognosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent data suggest that hypertonic sodium lactate infusion (HL) improves energy metabolism after TBI. Here, we specifically examined whether the efficacy of HL (3h infusion, 30-40 Όmol/kg/min) in improving brain energetics (using cerebral microdialysis [CMD] glucose as a main therapeutic end-point) was dependent on baseline cerebral metabolic state (assessed by CMD lactate/pyruvate ratio [LPR]) and cerebral blood flow (CBF, measured with perfusion computed tomography [PCT]). Using a prospective cohort of 24 severe TBI patients, we found CMD glucose increase during HL was significant only in the subgroup of patients with elevated CMD LPR >25 (n = 13; +0.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.19] mmol/L, p < 0.001; vs. +0.04 [-0.05-0.13] in those with normal LPR, p = 0.33, mixed-effects model). In contrast, CMD glucose increase was independent from baseline CBF (coefficient +0.13 [0.04-0.21] mmol/L when global CBF was <32.5 mL/100 g/min vs. +0.09 [0.04-0.14] mmol/L at normal CBF, both p < 0.005) and systemic glucose. Our data suggest that improvement of brain energetics upon HL seems predominantly dependent on baseline cerebral metabolic state and support the concept that CMD LPR - rather than CBF - could be used as a diagnostic indication for systemic lactate supplementation following TBI

    Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

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    [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

    Mobilisation des acteurs locaux et des habitants dans les démarches participatives des politiques publiques

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    Dieser Bericht von Studiumsende hat zum Ziel, einen auf den Berufserfahrungen eines Praktikums von Master 2 kritischen Blick zu bringen. Es handelt sich seitdem darum, die Problematik der Mobilisierung der örtlichen Schauspieler und der Bewohner in den PartizipationgĂ€ngen der öffentlichen Politiken aufzugreifen. Dieser Bericht greift die Frage der Mobilisierung der Schauspieler und der Bewohner in den PartizipationgĂ€ngen mit einem theoretischen Betrachtungsweise und einer Analyse der unterschiedlichen mit der Partizipationdemokratie verbundenen Begriffe auf. Der zweite Seite greift ein mehr berufliches Betrachtungsweise auf, wo die Frage der Mobilisierung der Schauspieler und der Bewohner in Hinblick auf 4 Studien analysiert sein wird: die Analyse der Sozialen BedĂŒrfnisse von Seyssinet-Pariset, das Soziale Projekt der Gemeinschaft von Großraum Privas Centre ArdĂšche, das Projekt Territorium von LunĂ©villois und das Notizbuch 21 von SchiltigheimLa problĂ©matique est la mobilisation des acteurs locaux et des habitants dans les dĂ©marches participatives des politiques publiques. Par l'approche thĂ©orique et l'analyse des diffĂ©rentes notions, la dĂ©mocratie participative sera Ă©tudiĂ©e. La seconde partie aborde une approche plus professionnelle oĂč la question de la mobilisation des acteurs et des habitants sera analysĂ©e au regard de 4 Ă©tudes : l’analyse des besoins sociaux de Seyssinet-Pariset, le projet social de la CommunautĂ© d’AgglomĂ©ration de Privas Centre ArdĂšche, le projet de territoire du LunĂ©villois et l’Agenda 21 de Schiltigheim

    Neurométabolisme énergétique aprÚs lésion cérébrale aiguë

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    La neurorĂ©animation est au carrefour d'un paradoxe. D'importants travaux de recherche sur le mĂ©tabolisme Ă©nergĂ©tique cĂ©rĂ©bral ont Ă©tĂ© conduits ces dix derniĂšres annĂ©es menant Ă  la dĂ©couverte de concepts clĂ©s. Pour autant, la transposition de ces modĂšles biologiques au lit du malade n'est qu'Ă  ses dĂ©buts. L'objectif de mon travail de thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© d'Ă©tudier - grĂące aux outils modernes d'exploration neurophysiologique (notamment, oxymĂ©trie tissulaire et microdialyse cĂ©rĂ©brale) - le mĂ©tabolisme cĂ©rĂ©bral in situ chez des sujets victimes d'une lĂ©sion cĂ©rĂ©brale (traumatisme crĂąnien cĂ©rĂ©bral, hĂ©morragie sous-arachnoĂŻdienne sur rupture d'anĂ©vrysme). Il s'agissait d'une recherche clinique visant Ă  transfĂ©rer les concepts de base Ă©laborĂ©s en neurosciences fondamentales (« neuroĂ©nergĂ©tique ») au lit du malade pour une application pratique clinique. Dans un premier travail original - intitulĂ© Neuroenergetic response to prolongĂ©ei cĂ©rĂ©bral glucose depletion after severe brain injury and the rĂŽle oflactate - j'ai confirmĂ© le concept expĂ©rimental que le lactate endogĂšne cĂ©rĂ©bral, issu de la glycolyse aĂ©robie, pourrait agir comme substrat Ă©nergĂ©tique. Dans un deuxiĂšme travail original - intitulĂ© Bedside cĂ©rĂ©bral microdialysis monitoring of delayed cĂ©rĂ©bral hypoperfusion in comatose patients with poor grade aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage - j'ai illustrĂ© l'utilitĂ© de la microdialyse cĂ©rĂ©brale comme outil diagnostic permettant, chez le sujet comateux, une prise en charge prĂ©coce de l'ischĂ©mie cĂ©rĂ©brale retardĂ©e aprĂšs hĂ©morragie sous-arachnoĂŻdienne. Ce travail a Ă©galement permis de dĂ©montrer la prĂ©sence d'une carence en glucose cĂ©rĂ©bral et d'identifier cette carence ou dysfonction Ă©nergĂ©tique comme dĂ©terminant physiopathologique dans ce contexte. Mon travail de thĂšse a Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© l'occasion de collaborer activement, en tant que co- premier ou deuxiĂšme auteur, Ă  d'autres travaux scientifiques originaux du groupe de recherche dirigĂ© par le Prof. Mauro Oddo (Improvement of neuroenergetics by hypertonic lactate therapy in patients with traumatic brain injury is dĂ©pendent on baseline cĂ©rĂ©bral lactate/pyruvate ratio; Normobaric hyperoxia is associated with increased cĂ©rĂ©bral excitotoxicity after severe traumatic brain injury) et de me familiariser Ă  la rĂ©daction de travaux de revue (CĂ©rĂ©bral lactate metabolism after traumatic brain injury). Au total, au cours d'une pĂ©riode de recherche qui aura durĂ© 15 mois Ă  temps plein, je peux faire Ă©tat de 3 articles originaux en premier auteur, 1 article original en deuxiĂšme auteur et 1 revue en premier auteur. Tous ces articles ont Ă©tĂ© publiĂ©s dans des journaux Ă  politique Ă©ditoriale avec un impact factor reconnu. Mes travaux ont fait l'objet de prĂ©sentations orales ou abstracts lors de congrĂšs internationaux. A noter qu'un poster a mĂȘme reçu le prix de meilleur abstract. L'originalitĂ© de ma dĂ©marche scientifique rĂ©side dans le fait qu'elle correspond trĂšs bien au concept de recherche translationnelle dans un domaine, la neuro-rĂ©animation, en plein devenir

    What is the best therapeutic approach to a pediatric patient with a deep-seated brain AVM?

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    Although brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) account for a very small proportion of cerebral pathologies in the pediatric population, they are the cause of roughly 50% of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages. Pediatric bAVMs tend to rupture more frequently and seem to have higher recurrence rates than bAVMs in adults. Thus, the management of pediatric bAVMs is particularly challenging. In general, the treatment options are conservative treatment, microsurgery, endovascular therapy (EVT), gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS), proton-beam stereotactic radiosurgery (PSRS), or a combination of the above. In order to identify the best approach to deep-seated pediatric bAVMs, we performed a systematic review, according to the PRISMA guidelines. None of the options seem to offer a clear advantage over the others when used alone. Microsurgery provides the highest obliteration rate, but has higher incidence of neurological complications. EVT may play a role when used as adjuvant therapy, but as a stand-alone therapy, the efficacy is low and the long-term side effects of radiation from the multiple sessions required in deep-seated pediatric bAVMs are still unknown. GKRS has a low risk of complication, but the obliteration rates still leave much to be desired. Finally, PSRS offers promising results with a more accurate radiation that avoids the surrounding tissue, but data is limited due to its recent introduction. Overall, a multi-modal approach, or even an active surveillance, might be the most suitable when facing deep-seated bAVM, considering the difficulty of their management and the high risk of complications in the pediatric population

    Clip-wrapping of ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms of the internal carotid artery

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    To evaluate the safety and validity of microsurgical Gore-Tex clip-wrapping for ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Single-surgeon series. Retrospective study. Data analyzed were patient age, sex, Hunt and Hess grade (H&H), Fisher grade, time from rupture to hospitalization, aneurysm size and location, collateral capacity of the circle of Willis, time from hospitalization to aneurysm repair, aneurysm obliteration, complications, and modified Rankin scale (mRS) at follow-up. Six patients (2 males, 4 females) with ICA BBAs underwent clip-wrapping between 2011 and 2016. Median age was 50.0 years (range 31.7-54.0). H&H was grade 1 or 2 in 5 patients and grade 4 in 1 patient. All aneurysms were small (≀ 0.3 cm), without relation to vessel bifurcations, and located anteromedially, anterolaterally, and superomedially on the ICA trunk. Right side was most frequent (66%). All aneurysms could be clip-wrapped without intraoperative ruptures and all parent arteries could be preserved in the acute phase. Clip-wrapping completely eliminated the BBAs in five patients, whereas one patient underwent additional stent-assisted coiling. There were no re-ruptures, delayed infarctions, or deaths postoperatively. After a median follow-up of 57 months (range 20-90), outcome was favorable (mRS score 0-2) in all patients without radiographic signs of recurrences. Using the Gore-Tex clip-wrapping technique for ruptured ICA BBAs, the aneurysm could be treated without intraoperative ruptures or parent artery sacrifice in the acute phase. The outcomes were similar to other SAH patients and on follow-up, there were no aneurysm recurrences, indicating a durable long-term outcome
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