1,270 research outputs found
Effect of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and water productivity of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under Vertisols
A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2015-16 at the Instructional cum Research Farm, IGKV, Raipur to study the effect of different irrigation scheduling and nitrogen levels on growth, yield attributes, yield, water and nitrogen productivity of linseed (Linum usitatissimumL.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design keeping four irrigation schedules viz., come-up (I1), one (I2), two (I3) and three irrigation (I4) in main plots and four levels of nitrogen viz., control (N0), 30 kg (N1), 60 kg (N2) and 90 kg N ha-1 (N3) in sub plots with three replications. Results revealed that highest seed yield was obtained with linseed provided two irrigations (1683 kg ha-1) and application of 90 kg N ha-1 (1604 kg ha-1). Moreover, crop supplied with two irrigations in combination with 90 kg N ha-1 (I3×N3) gave significantly (P=0.05) highest seed yield (2097 kg ha-1) compared to rest of the treatment combinations. The excessive use of irrigation and fertilizers also affects farmer’s economy, as the crop is relatively low yielder. Two irrigations are better than three irrigations in terms of seed yield and water productivity; and application of 60 kg N is better than 90 kg N ha-1 in view of nitrogen productivity. The WP and IWP were decreasing as increasing the number of irrigation, but increasing with increasing the levels of nitrogen, while NP was highest with two irrigations (11.09 kg, kg-1 N) and application of 60 kg N ha-1 (8.90 kg, kg-1 N)
Management of solid waste
Solid waste is a very common term used nowadays in the context of environmental problem. The use of conventional and non-renewable energy reserves causes huge amount of solid waste. In addition to this, rapid urbanization and population explosion cause the probÂlem more acute than ever before. Huge tonnes of solid waste are generated in urban areas specially in the indusÂtrial and metropolitan city. In rural areas also it is increasÂing day by day. A grim situation is ahead in near future due to disposal of solid waste and environmental polluÂtion. This is going to affect the quality of life in several ways if proper measures are not taken.
The composition of solid waste depends on the population of cities, standard of living which changes with time. They usually contain the ingredients like bioÂdegradable, paper, plastics, glass and crockery, metals, coals, inerts and others
Inter-study reproducibility of arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging for measurement of renal perfusion in healthy volunteers at 3 Tesla
Background:
Measurement of renal perfusion is a crucial part of measuring kidney function. Arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL MRI) is a non-invasive method of measuring renal perfusion using magnetised blood as endogenous contrast. We studied the reproducibility of ASL MRI in normal volunteers.<p></p>
Methods:
ASL MRI was performed in healthy volunteers on 2 occasions using a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner with flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) perfusion preparation with a steady state free precession (True-FISP) pulse sequence. Kidney volume was measured from the scanned images. Routine serum and urine biochemistry were measured prior to MRI scanning.<p></p>
Results:
12 volunteers were recruited yielding 24 kidneys, with a mean participant age of 44.1 ± 14.6 years, blood pressure of 136/82 mmHg and chronic kidney disease epidemiology formula estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD EPI eGFR) of 98.3 ± 15.1 ml/min/1.73 m2. Mean kidney volumes measured using the ellipsoid formula and voxel count method were 123.5 ± 25.5 cm3, and 156.7 ± 28.9 cm3 respectively. Mean kidney perfusion was 229 ± 41 ml/min/100 g and mean cortical perfusion was 327 ± 63 ml/min/100 g, with no significant differences between ASL MRIs. Mean absolute kidney perfusion calculated from kidney volume measured during the scan was 373 ± 71 ml/min. Bland Altman plots were constructed of the cortical and whole kidney perfusion measurements made at ASL MRIs 1 and 2. These showed good agreement between measurements, with a random distribution of means plotted against differences observed. The intra class correlation for cortical perfusion was 0.85, whilst the within subject coefficient of variance was 9.2%. The intra class correlation for whole kidney perfusion was 0.86, whilst the within subject coefficient of variance was 7.1%.<p></p>
Conclusions:
ASL MRI at 3.0 Tesla provides a repeatable method of measuring renal perfusion in healthy subjects without the need for administration of exogenous compounds. We have established normal values for renal perfusion using ASL MRI in a cohort of healthy volunteers.<p></p>
Differential physio-biochemical and metabolic responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under multiple abiotic stress conditions
The frequency and severity of extreme climatic conditions such as drought, salinity, cold, and heat are increasing due to climate change. Moreover, in the field, plants are affected by multiple abiotic stresses simultaneously or sequentially. Thus, it is imperative to compare the effects of stress combinations on crop plants relative to individual stresses. This study investigated the differential regulation of physio-biochemical and metabolomics parameters in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under individual (salt, drought, cold, and heat) and combined stress treatments using multivariate correlation analysis. The results showed that combined heat, salt, and drought stress compounds the stress effect of individual stresses. Combined stresses that included heat had the highest electrolyte leakage and lowest relative water content. Lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll contents did not significantly change under combined stresses. Biochemical parameters, such as free amino acids, polyphenol, starch, and sugars, significantly changed under combined stresses compared to individual stresses. Free amino acids increased under combined stresses that included heat; starch, sugars, and polyphenols increased under combined stresses that included drought; proline concentration increased under combined stresses that included salt. Metabolomics data that were obtained under different individual and combined stresses can be used to identify molecular phenotypes that are involved in the acclimation response of plants under changing abiotic stress conditions. Peanut metabolomics identified 160 metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, fatty acids, sugar acids, and other organic compounds. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that abiotic stresses significantly affected amino acid, amino sugar, and sugar metabolism. The stress treatments affected the metabolites that were associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles and associated amino acid biosynthesis pathway intermediates. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and heatmap analysis identified potential marker metabolites (pinitol, malic acid, and xylopyranose) that were associated with abiotic stress combinations, which could be used in breeding efforts to develop peanut cultivars that are resilient to climate change. The study will also facilitate researchers to explore different stress indicators to identify resistant cultivars for future crop improvement programs
Integrated Diseases Management (IDM) modules for the management of cotton diseases in natural condition under South Gujarat region of India
Cotton is a vital commercial
crop in the world and plays an important
role for fibre, fuel and edible oil in the
community and to industry. Cotton is a
white fibrous agricultural product that has
a wide variety of uses, from textile
production, to creating paper, to
producing oil and food products. Cotton is
grown all around the globe, and is traded
internationally as well. The cotton
diseases scenario has shown a continuous
change during the past 64 years. Several
diseases have been reported for the cotton
crop. The use of IDM strategy is gaining
momentum now a days, but in developing
countries it often lacks the enabling
environment for its successful implementation.
Cotton crop is affected by various
diseases caused by organisms, such as
fungi, bacteria and viruses that grow on
and within the plant tissues. In this
experiment, total seven modules including
the control was tested in this experiment
from which, module 6 (6.50% PDI),
followed by module 5 (8.50% PDI)
significantly recorded minimum bacterial
leaf blight infection in comparison to the
module 7, i.e. control (18.50% PDI) in
RCH 2 BG II hybrid. For Alternaria leaf
spot disease, module 6 (2.50 % PDI) were
recorded significantly minimum
Alternaria leaf spot disease in RCH 2 BG
II hybrid, as compared to the control
(10.50 % PDI), followed by module 5
(4.50 % PDI) and module 4 (5.50 % PDI)
Bioprospecting and molecular characterization of laccase producing bacteriafrom industrial contaminated sites
Laccases have vast prospective for biotechnological applications due to their outstanding bioremediation potential. These include abundant applications in effluent detoxification, enzymatic conversion of chemical intermediates, wine clarification degradation of textile dyes etc. In the present study, two potential microbes were isolated on solid medium containing guaiacol and ABTS for laccase activity out of 10 microbes. Two cultures PHP7 and PKD5 were selected for molecular characterization was carried out using 16S rRNA gene technology of PHP7 revealed as Bacillus cereus (KU878970.1).Partial amplification of laccase gene contain conserved domain of multicopper oxidase family. The biomass produced by PHP7 was 0.053 mg/5 mL, while PKD5 was 0.058 mg/5 mL. While dye degradation of PHP7dye of 64.28% after incubation of 6 days at pH7 whereas PKD5 shows highest degradation of dye i.e. 61.90% after incubation of 8 days at pH8. PHP7 showed highest Laccase activity of 0.489 U/L at pH 7 while PKD5 showed 0.404 U/L Laccase activity at pH 8 at 8th day of incubation. Using laccase from PHP7 and PKD5 isolates, explored at industrial level for decolorization of coloured effluents that significance in environmentally friendly and play critical role as bioremediation at commercial scale
Relationship of bacterial leaf blight disease of cotton with different weather parameters under South Gujarat condition of India
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple
fiber that grows in a boll, around the seeds
of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium
in the family Malvaceae. Bacterial blight of
cotton, also know as angular leaf spot, boll
rot, and black leg, is a potentially
destructive bacterial disease of cotton
production. The disease caused by
Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum
(Smith) Dye (synonyms Xanthomonas
malvacearum (E.F. Sm) Dowson) is one of
the most important and serious disease in
cotton crop. Main objective of present
research is to study the progress of the
bacterial blight disease of cotton (BLB),
caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv.
malvacearum (Smith) Dye, with relation to
the environmental parameters. This is a
common disease affecting the growth,
development and yield of cotton. A field
trial was conducted to determine the
influence of environmental factors, viz.
rainfall periods, temperature, sun shine
hours and humidity on the development of
disease. Bacterial blight disease was
recorded with its appearance and
subsequently at weekly interval till it
prevailed on G. Cot. Hy.12 (Non Bt). The
incidence of bacterial blight disease (BLB)
was noticed during 28 to 49th standard week
with the maximum disease intensity in third
week of September (23.5% PDI). None of
the abiotic factors had significant influence
on bacterial blight disease progress and
development
Fault-Tolerant Computing: An Overview
Coordinated Science Laboratory was formerly known as Control Systems LaboratoryNASA / NAG-1-613Semiconductor Research Corporation / 90-DP-109Joint Services Electronics Program / N00014-90-J-127
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