The use of routine chemoprophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis in all patients undergoing hip and knee replacements in rural population - whether it is justified?

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)/ pulmonary embolism (PE) are one of the most feared complications in patients undergoing joint replacements in western literatures. The exact incidence of DVT in Indians particularly rural population remains debatable. Also ways to prevent it in rural population is a dilemma for the orthopedic community. Hence this study was undertaken.Methods: We carried a prospective study of 135 cases of joint replacements i.e. 78 of total hip replacements and 57 of total knee replacements. None of the patients were given any form of chemoprophylaxis like low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Strict monitoring was done. All patients underwent duplex ultrasonographic doppler assessment of both the lower limbs between the 4th-7th day and on 14th - 16th postoperative day. Only 5 out of 135 cases had DVT. Results: We observed that DVT developed more commonly following total hip replacement surgery (4 cases) as compared to total knee replacement (1 case). There was no mortality in our study.Conclusions: DVT following total joint replacements in rural Indian patients is not as common as reported in the Western literature. A high level of suspicion and close clinical monitoring is mandatory. The use of routine chemoprophylaxis in every patient is perhaps not justified. In future further more trials with a larger number of patients and at multiple centers would be required to confirm the findings of our study and to formulate guidelines to prevent DVT

Wave functions and annihilation widths of heavy quarkonia

Within the framework of nonrelativistic quark-antiquark Cornell potential model formalism, we study the annihilation of heavy quarkonia. We determine their annihilation widths resulting into $\gamma\gamma$, $gg$, $3\gamma$, $3g$ and $\gamma gg$ and compare our findings with the available theoretical results and experimental data. We also provide the charge radii and absolute square of radial Schr\"odinger wave function at zero quark-antiquark separation.Comment: 2 figures, 6 table

Exploiting the efficacy of Tyro3 and folate receptors to enhance the delivery of gold nanoparticles into colorectal cancer cells in vitro

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the world. Due to its asymptomatic nature, CRC is diagnosed at an advanced stage where the survival rate is <5%. Besides, CRC treatment using chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery often causes undesirable side-effects. As such, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are envisaged in the field for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. GNPs have unique physical, chemical and electrical properties at the nanoscale which make them suitable for application in biomedicine. However, for GNPs to become clinically effective, their internalisation efficiency in cancer cells must be enhanced. Folate receptor-α (FR) is overexpressed in CRC cells wherein FR helps in the uptake of folic acid within the cells. Tyro3, a novel tyrosine kinase receptor, drives cell proliferation and its overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis in CRC. Their upregulated expression in CRC cells relative to normal cells makes them an ideal target for GNPs using active targeting. Therefore, in this study receptors FR and Tyro3 were simultaneously targeted using specific antibody-coated GNPs in order to enhance the uptake and internalisation of GNPs in CRC cells in vitro. Four different types of coated-GNPs were synthesised GNPs-PEG, GNPs-anti-FR, GNPs-anti-Tyro3 and GNPs-anti-(FR + Tyro3) and incubated (0–50 ng) with three CRC cell lines namely CRL1790, CRL2159 and HCT116. Simultaneous targeting of these receptors by GNPs-anti-(FR + Tyro3) was found to be the most effective in internalisation in CRC cells compared with GNPs targeted singly to FR or Tyro3 (p <0.05). Besides this, results show that Tyro3 mediated similar internalisation efficacy to FR (p <0.05) in CRC cells using ICP-OES

Congenital epidermoid cyst of penis with hypospadias: A case report

The epidermoid cysts are the most common cutaneous cysts and may develop from any parts of the human body. Primary epidermoid&nbsp;cyst with hypospadias in the penis is very rare. Here, we present the case of a slow growing, mobilized; non-tender frenulum of the&nbsp;penis mass in a 44-year-old male patient. Complete excision of the cyst was performed under spinal anesthesia. Histopathological&nbsp;examination confirmed the mass to be an epidermoid cyst. Care must be given during examination to rule out another entity. If thereis any indication, complete excision and hypospadias repair is the best treatment

F-LSTM: Federated learning-based LSTM framework for cryptocurrency price prediction

In this paper, a distributed machine-learning strategy, i.e., federated learning (FL), is used to enable the artificial intelligence (AI) model to be trained on dispersed data sources. The paper is specifically meant to forecast cryptocurrency prices, where a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based FL network is used. The proposed framework, i.e., F-LSTM utilizes FL, due to which different devices are trained on distributed databases that protect the user privacy. Sensitive data is protected by staying private and secure by sharing only model parameters (weights) with the central server. To assess the effectiveness of F-LSTM, we ran different empirical simulations. Our findings demonstrate that F-LSTM outperforms conventional approaches and machine learning techniques by achieving a loss minimal of $2.3 \times 10^{-4}$. Furthermore, the F-LSTM uses substantially less memory and roughly half the CPU compared to a solely centralized approach. In comparison to a centralized model, the F-LSTM requires significantly less time for training and computing. The use of both FL and LSTM networks is responsible for the higher performance of our suggested model (F-LSTM). In terms of data privacy and accuracy, F-LSTM addresses the shortcomings of conventional approaches and machine learning models, and it has the potential to transform the field of cryptocurrency price prediction