Challenges and Recent Progress of Nano Sized Drug Delivery Systems for Lung Cancer Therapy: A Review

Lung cancer is the most malignant cancer today. The treatment of lung cancer continues to be a challenge for oncologists. The direct delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the lungs could represent a novel therapeutic approach for patients with pulmonary metastases. Currently, many formulations of nanocarriers are utilized including lipid-based, polymeric and branched polymeric, metal-based, magnetic, and mesoporous silica. Innovative strategies have been employed to exploit the multicomponent, three-dimensional constructs imparting multifunctional capabilities. In lung cancer, nanoparticle-based therapeutics is paving the way in the diagnosis, imaging, screening, and treatment of primary and metastatic tumors. This review summarizes current progress and challenges in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, citing recent examples targeted at lung cancer treatment

Life Cycle Thinking-based Evaluation Framework for Road Infrastructure: A BIM-based Approach

This research paper analyzes the material compatibility, in terms of weld strength, of thermoplastics currently in use for external lighting applications. Signal lamps typically consist of a transparent lens welded to an opaque housing. The different types of polymers used in housing materials are polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), and blends thereof. The different types of transparent lens materials are polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and PC. The specific thermoplastic material grades in this document are kept confidential. The scope of the work is to determine plaque-level compatibility of materials as a function of weld strength performance and to create material-level weld strength guidelines regarding optimal welding parameters for component level design/development and quality. This is achieved through a parametric study, strength testing welds with dissimilar (chemically different) materials through a varying set of welding parameters. Material combinations are found which can reach the weaker material’s bulk strength and other combinations are found which have very poor compatibility, as confirmed by the weld factor. A great majority of the weld combinations’ strengths increase with weld depth, and most dissimilar material welds continue to increase in strength with even further weld penetration. Optimal weld parameters are determined for each material combination

A Targeted Drug Delivery System for Cancer Treatment a Novel Approach: A Review

In the recent scenario of the world there are millions of the people are suffering from the various types of cancer. To cure the cancer immunotherapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery and hormonal therapy treatments are used.  In treatment of cancer the convectional approaches are used which can adversely affect to normal cells on the body. Also, the side effects of this treatments are damage the immune system of the patient. To overcome such problems with the conventional treatment of the cancer the targeted drug delivery system is developed, in such oral delivery of drug at the particular location of tumor at perfect time with specific dosage.   This review includes the development of the new targeted drug delivery system and its limitations

Interaction of two memory enhancing herbal drugs Memory Plus and Mentat with diazepam and phenytoin sodium in mice

Background: The non-medical self-administration of memory enhancing drugs is a common practice. Present study was designed to evaluate interactions of two such herbal drugs Memory Plus (MP) and Mentat, with other central nervous system (CNS) active drugs.Methods: Two activities - pentobarbitone sleeping time (PST) and maximal electroshock seizures (MES) were performed using adult albino mice weighing 25-30 g to observe the interactions of the herbal drugs with diazepam and phenytoin sodium, respectively. For each activity, animals were divided into seven groups of six mice each. Group I was a control group receiving 0.2 ml of 1% Tween 80 i.p/0.2 ml saline p.o, Group II, III and IV acute treatment groups; received single dose of herbal (2 mg/kg i.p MP or 200 mg/kg p.o Mentat) CNS-active drugs alone in subeffective doses group II - diazepam 5 mg/kg i.p, Group III PS 15 mg/kg i.p and Group IV - MP/Mentat+diazepam or PS, respectively. Groups V, VI, and VII were subchronic treatment groups, received drugs once daily for 8 days same as acute treatment groups. Sleeping time was measured as the interval between the loss and recovery of righting reflex and anticonvulsant activity by giving supra maximal shock via ear electrodes using a techno electro convulsiometer.Results: Both MP and Mentat showed potentiation of effect of diazepam and PS in subchronic treatment groups by significantly prolonging PST (p<0.05) and by showing significant percentage protection in MES method (p<0.05) compared to control group.Conclusion: Subchronic administration of MP and Mentat shows significant interaction with diazepam and PS. Further human studies are warranted to confirm these findings

Effect of metabolized polyethylene terephthalate, vacuum packaging and storage temperature on shelf life of papaya pulp Kalakand (Indian cookie)

The dairy plants are looking for newer products for diversification and value addition. There is scope for the dairy industry to introduce newer products as healthy, convenience and ready to eat foods for capacity utilization and value addition, but because of complex biochemical composition and high water content, milk and milk products act as an excellent culture medium for growth and multiplication of varieties of microorganisms. Vacuum packaging reduces product shrinkage, trim losses by eliminating oxidation and freezer burn resulting it can enhance product quality. Now a day metabolized polyethylene terephthalate (MET PET) with vacuum packaging have a promising role in storage of various value added milk product. The developed value added Kalakand product (Indian cookie) could be stored successfully for 5 days in MET PET packaging material at 4±1°C and when the product was packaged under vacuum the shelf life increased up to 10 days at 4±1°C

Study of potential drug-drug interactions between benzodiazepines and four commonly used antiepileptic drugs in mice

Background: Benzodiazepines (BZD) is one of the commonly used drug groups for certain neurological diseases. As sometimes, the anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) may be used concomitantly with BZD there is a potential for drug-drug interactions. Study aimed to study potential drug-drug interactions between four commonly used AEDs (phenytoin, carbamazepine (CBZ), phenobarbitone, sodium valproate) and BZD (diazepam, clonazepam) in mice using maximal electroshock seizure (MES) method and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) method.Methods: Adult male albino mice were divided into four different groups of six animals each and anti-epileptic activity was assessed using MES method and PTZ method. Group I acted as a control, Group II received any one of the four AEDs (phenytoin, CBZ, phenobarbitone or sodium valproate) in sub-effective doses, Group III received diazepam or clonazepam alone, Group IV received a combination of diazepam or clonazepam with any one of the AEDs.Results: In MES method, the groups receiving combination of diazepam with phenytoin and CBZ showed significant protection compared to the control group (p<0.01 and p<0.02), respectively. However, diazepam in combination with sodium valproate and phenobarbitone did not show any significant protection compared to the control group and individual antiepileptic group. All the four antiepileptic showed significant protection against MES seizure in combination with clonazepam when compared to control group. In PTZ method, combination of sodium valproate with clonazepam showed significant protection compared to control group (p<0.02). However, this was not observed with diazepam-valproate combination.Conclusion: Clonazepam potentiates the action of all the four anti-epileptics while diazepam potentiates only phenytoin and CBZ against MES seizures. Clonazepam but not diazepam potentiates the action of sodium valproate against PTZ seizures