Compact printed log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) with T-shaped arm for wide band applications

Compactness of printed log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) is an essential requirement in developing low-weight communication system. With this aim, in the present work, we utilized two-step approach to reduce size of this kind of antenna. First, to achieve compactness, a maximum apex angle was taken for the desired gain of 6 dBi, which reduces the boom length to minimum possible value. Secondly, after fully optimizing the width and length of each dipole, a T-shaped arm is introduced in place of straight dipole arms. For comparison, initially printed LPDA is designed with full arm structure of gain 6.5 dBi in 1.5 to 3.5 GHz band using CST Microwave Studio. In T-shaped arm LPDA, the antenna size eventually reduces by 82% compared to full arm structure, which offers a bore sight gain level varies from 2 to 4.5 dBi in the frequency band of 1.8 to 3.5 GHz. Simulation analysis are discussed in detail along-with a size comparison of various printed LPDAs. The measured results of the fabricated LPDA with T-shaped arm are found to closely match with the simulation results

Compact printed log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) with T-shaped arm for wide band applications

16-23Compactness of printed log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) is an essential requirement in developing low-weight communication system. With this aim, in the present work, we utilized two-step approach to reduce size of this kind of antenna. First, to achieve compactness, a maximum apex angle was taken for the desired gain of 6 dBi, which reduces the boom length to minimum possible value. Secondly, after fully optimizing the width and length of each dipole, a T-shaped arm is introduced in place of straight dipole arms. For comparison, initially printed LPDA is designed with full arm structure of gain 6.5 dBi in 1.5 to 3.5 GHz band using CST Microwave Studio. In T-shaped arm LPDA, the antenna size eventually reduces by 82% compared to full arm structure, which offers a bore sight gain level varies from 2 to 4.5 dBi in the frequency band of 1.8 to 3.5 GHz. Simulation analysis are discussed in detail along-with a size comparison of various printed LPDAs. The measured results of the fabricated LPDA with T-shaped arm are found to closely match with the simulation results

EVALUATION OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARCINIA INDICA LINN FRUIT RIND

Objective: To evaluate Cardioprotective activity of aqueous extract of Garcinia indica Linn fruit rinds.Methods: Wistar rats were divided into different groups. Two doses 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg b.w, p.o of the Garcinia indica fruit rind extract (GIFE) were subjected for the evaluation of Cardioprotective activity against Isoproterenol (ISO) and Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) induced myocardial damage in rats. Propranolol (10 mg/kg b.w, p.o) was used as a standard drug. The influence of prophylactic treatment was analysed by quantification of biomarkers and antioxidants, physical parameters and histopathological observations.Results: Both GIFE-250 and GIFE-500 showed significant reduction in CK-MB, CK-NAC, LDH in the extract treated rats when compared with positive control. Both the doses showed increase in SOD and CAT levels. Significant level of percentage recovery in terms of heart rate and developed tension were seen in all treated groups in IRI model. Cardioprotective effect was also confirmed by histopathology of hearts which showed less necrosis in extract treated rats when compared to untreated rats of toxic control group. The results obtained were comparable with that of the standard. Thus investigational finding conclude that, the administration of high dose of GIFE was the most effective in alleviating the abnormal conditions induced by Isoproterenol and Ischemia reperfusion.Conclusion: The present study concluded that Garcinia indica Linn fruit rinds were found to be effective against Isoproterenol (ISO) and Ischemia reperfusion (IR) induced myocardial damage in rats.Keywords: Cardioprotective, Garcinia indica,Ischemia reperfusion injury, Isoproterenol, Propranolo

Healthy Minds: A child and adolescent mental health research project: What are the mental health needs of Bradford's Pakistani Muslim children and young people and how can they be addressed?

This report was commissioned by the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council (MDC) Directorate of Social Services; the aims and objectives are presented in section two, but simply stated the research seeks to determine the mental health needs of Bradford’s Pakistani Muslim children and young people and, based on the findings, recommend ways in which those needs can be addressed. It is important to mention here that the research was commissioned following a Joint Planning Team recommendation that noted a lack of information around the mental health needs of Bradford’s ‘Asian’ population. A population that makes up a sizeable component of Bradford and yet whose children and young people are significantly under represented in Child & Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). In recognition of the complexity of cultural, religious, language, geographical regions of origin and socio- economic experience encompassed in the term ‘Asian’ (Patel K, 2000) the decision was taken to concentrate on the Pakistani Muslim community, which is the largest minority ethnic group in Bradford. This introduction will, therefore, through narrative and through a review of the relevant literature, seek to prepare the ground for the views of the professionals, young people, children, parents, carers and community members that follow this chapter. It will paint a broad demographic picture of the UK’s and Bradford’s Pakistani Muslim population; bearing in mind the universal environmental, family and child risk factors as identified by the Health Advisory Service (HAS. 1995) identifying those specific to the Pakistani Muslim population in the Bradford Metropolitan District; and discussing the impact of the findings, negative and positive, on the mental health and mental health needs of the children and young people of this population

Urinary Tract Infection in Renal Allograft Recipents

Renal replacement therapy in the form of renal transplantation (RT) is the treatment of choice in these patients. Various factors influence the graft survival, infections being most common. Infections account for 16% of patient deaths and 7.7% of death censored graft failure in renal transplant patients. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infectious complication accounting for 45–72% of all infections. According to few studies UTI may have a negative impact over the long term survival of renal allograft. There are multiple factors that predispose these patients to UTI. Elderly age group, female gender, increased duration of catheterization and anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract are most common predisposing factors. E. coli is the most frequently isolated organisms from the urine of these patients. We would proceed further with two cases which presented as UTI in post-transplant period. The first patient transplanted (living donor related) for diabetes induced end stage renal disease had developed UTI 4 years post-transplant. The other patient underwent deceased donor renal transplant for adult polycystic disease related chronic kidney disease, presented 2 years post-transplant with UTI

Emerging and re-emerging viral infections in India

The number of outbreaks have  progressively increased since many years in India. In this era of globalization and rapid international travel, any infectious disease in one country can become a potential threat to the entire globe. Outbreaks of Nipah, Zika, Crimean- Congo Haemorrhagic Fever and Kyasanur Forest Disease and have been reported since a decade and now we are facing COVID 19 pandemic. One of the challenges in the prevention of these outbreaks is that as the cases decrease, the felt need declines, the public demand decreases and the mitigation responses get overshadowed by the need of emergency responses elsewhere. The One Health approach is a movement to promote alliance between medicine field, veterinary medicine and environmental sciences to upgrade the health of humans, animals, and ecosystem. The data in this article is compiled from different websites and publications of World Health Organization (WHO), Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP), grey literature and media. There is an urgent need for better surveillance and disease burden assessments in the country and to gain detailed insights into vector biology, factors of environment influencing the diseases, mapping of endemic areas, strengthen intersectoral coordination, infection control practices, and ensure use of Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE) and availability of drugs and vaccines to handle the outbreaks in a better way

Phytonanofabrication of iron oxide particles from the Acacia jacquemontii plant and their potential application for the removal of brilliant green and Congo red dye from wastewater

Phytonanofabrication is one of the most promising areas that has drawn the attention of scientists worldwide due to its eco-friendly nature and biocompatibility. In the current investigation, we reported the phyto-assisted formation of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) from a rare species of Acacia (Acacia jacquemontii). First, ethanolic extracts of the stem powder were analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for the identification of phytochemicals in the stem sections of Acacia. Furthermore, IONPs were synthesized by a chemical co-precipitation method by using the stem extract. The phytonanofabricated iron oxide particles were investigated by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental analysis. HPTLC confirmed the presence of several phenols and terpenoids in the ethanolic extracts of the stem. UV–Vis spectroscopy exhibited an absorbance peak at 380 nm, indicating the formation of IONPs, while FTIR spectroscopy showed the typical bands for Fe-O in the range of 599–1,000 cm−1 in addition to several functional groups of organic molecules at 1,596 cm−1, 2,313 cm−1, and 3,573 cm−1. XRD exhibits the amorphous nature of IONPs with peaks at 30.7, 35.5, and 62.7 nm. The IONPs were spherical-shaped, whose size varies from 10 to 70 nm, as confirmed by FESEM. EDS exhibited the presence of Fe, O, C, and NaCl. Finally, the phytonanofabricated iron oxide particles were utilized for the removal of brilliant green (BG) and Congo red (CR) dye from the aqueous solution. The removal efficiency of BG dye was up to 54.28%, while that of Congo red dye was up to 36.72% in 120 min and 60 min, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of pH and contact time was also assessed on both the dyes, where CR exhibited maximum removal at acidic pH, i.e., 47.5%, while BG showed maximum removal at pH 10, i.e., 76.59%

IZ KAJKAVSKE MORFOLOGIJE (o DL sg. im. ž. roda)

U radu se nastoji dati odgovor na pitanje: da li je u svim govorima kajkavskoga narječja u kojima je u DL sg. imenica ženskoga roda morfem –i riječ o generalizaciji toga morfema iz nekadašnjih ja-osnova ili se u govorima s ograničenom distribucijom kontinuante jata i šva (u dijelu govora samo jata) i njegovom zamjenom vokalom i, ili vokalom i-tipa, u nenaglašenim slogovima, može govoriti o morfemu –i < -ẹ < ě

A nationwide study of adults admitted to hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state and COVID‐19

AimsTo investigate characteristics of people hospitalized with coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS), and to identify risk factors for mortality and intensive care admission.Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort study with anonymized data from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists nationwide audit of hospital admissions with COVID-19 and diabetes, from start of pandemic to November 2021. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. DKA and HHS were adjudicated against national criteria. Age-adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 85 confirmed DKA cases, and 20 HHS, occurred among 4073 people (211 type 1 diabetes, 3748 type 2 diabetes, 114 unknown type) hospitalized with COVID-19. Mean (SD) age was 60 (18.2) years in DKA and 74 (11.8) years in HHS (p < .001). A higher proportion of patients with HHS than with DKA were of non-White ethnicity (71.4% vs 39.0% p = .038). Mortality in DKA was 36.8% (n = 57) and 3.8% (n = 26) in type 2 and type 1 diabetes respectively. Among people with type 2 diabetes and DKA, mortality was lower in insulin users compared with non-users [21.4% vs. 52.2%; age-adjusted odds ratio 0.13 (95% CI 0.03-0.60)]. Crude mortality was lower in DKA than HHS (25.9% vs. 65.0%, p = .001) and in statin users versus non-users (36.4% vs. 100%; p = .035) but these were not statistically significant after age adjustment.ConclusionsHospitalization with COVID-19 and adjudicated DKA is four times more common than HHS but both associate with substantial mortality. There is a strong association of previous insulin therapy with survival in type 2 diabetes-associated DKA

PANC Study (Pancreatitis: A National Cohort Study): national cohort study examining the first 30 days from presentation of acute pancreatitis in the UK

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis is a common, yet complex, emergency surgical presentation. Multiple guidelines exist and management can vary significantly. The aim of this first UK, multicentre, prospective cohort study was to assess the variation in management of acute pancreatitis to guide resource planning and optimize treatment. Methods All patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting with acute pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria, from March to April 2021 were eligible for inclusion and followed up for 30 days. Anonymized data were uploaded to a secure electronic database in line with local governance approvals. Results A total of 113 hospitals contributed data on 2580 patients, with an equal sex distribution and a mean age of 57 years. The aetiology was gallstones in 50.6 per cent, with idiopathic the next most common (22.4 per cent). In addition to the 7.6 per cent with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 20.1 per cent of patients had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. One in 20 patients were classed as having severe pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria. The overall mortality rate was 2.3 per cent at 30 days, but rose to one in three in the severe group. Predictors of death included male sex, increased age, and frailty; previous acute pancreatitis and gallstones as aetiologies were protective. Smoking status and body mass index did not affect death. Conclusion Most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis have a mild, self-limiting disease. Rates of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis are high. Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis are common, but are likely to have reduced risk of death on subsequent admissions. </jats:sec