Arrhythmia induction using isoproterenol or epinephrine during electrophysiology study for supraventricular tachycardia

Background Electrophysiology study (EPS) is an important part of the diagnosis and workup for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Provocative medications are used to induce arrhythmias, when they are not inducible at baseline. The most common medication is the β1‐specific agonist, isoproterenol, but recent price increases have resulted in a shift toward the nonspecific agonist, epinephrine. Objective We hypothesize that isoproterenol is a better induction agent for SVT during EPS than epinephrine. Methods We created a retrospective cohort of 131 patients, who underwent EPS and required medication infusion with either isoproterenol or epinephrine for SVT induction. The primary outcome was arrhythmia induction. Results Successful induction was achieved in 71% of isoproterenol cases and 53% of epinephrine cases (P = 0.020). Isoproterenol was significantly better than epinephrine for SVT induction during EPS (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14‐4.85; P = 0.021). There was no difference in baseline variables or complications between the two groups. Other variables associated with successful arrhythmia induction included a longer procedure duration and atrioventricular nodal re‐entry tachycardia as the clinical arrhythmia. In a multivariable model, isoproterenol remained significantly associated with successful induction (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.002‐6.59; P = 0.05). Conclusions Isoproterenol was significantly better than epinephrine for SVT arrhythmia induction. However, epinephrine was safe and successfully induced arrhythmias in the majority of patients who received it. Furthermore, when atropine was added in epinephrine‐refractory cases, in a post hoc analysis there was no difference in arrhythmia induction between medications. Cost savings could thus be significant without compromising safety

Effect of growth regulators and stages of spray on seed yield and seed quality parameters of ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (Roxb) L.]

The experiment was undertaken to study the influence of different growth regulators on seed yield and seed quality parameters in ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (Roxb) L.]. There were 30 treatment combinations comprising of two factors; plant growth stage as main plot treatment, and plant growth regulators as sub plot treatment embedded in a split plot design. The results indicated that significantly the highest average fruit weight (32.76 g), matured fruit yield per plant (65.84 g), 100 seed weight (13.41 g) and seed yield per plant (12.79 g) was recorded with spraying of 500 ppm ethereal, whereas significantly the maximum fruit length (20.89 cm) and fruit diameter (5.15 cm) with 25 ppm GA3. Significantly the highest seed germination (69.22 %) was recorded with spraying of 250 ppm ethereal, while application of NAA at 50 ppm recorded significantly the highest vigour index I (2737.85) and vigour index II (5029.33). Spraying of PGR at two to four leaf stage recorded the higher fruit length (20.19 cm), fruit yield per plant (47.49 g), 100 seed weight (13.18 g) and seed yield per plant (11.98 g) as well as highest germination (60.90%), vigour index I (2460.80) and vigour index II (4377.66). It is concluded that spraying of 500 ppm etherel at two to four leaf stage increased the higher fruit length, fruit yield per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant as well as highest germination, vigour index I and vigour index II

Assessing the photocatalytic degradation of fluoroquinolone norfloxacin by Mn:ZnS quantum dots: Kinetic study, degradation pathway and influencing factors

SR/WOS-A/CS-82/2018 UIDB/50006/2020Norfloxacin (NOFX), a broadly used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has been a subject of great concern in the past few years due to its undesirable effect on human beings and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, novel Mn doped ZnS (Mn:ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) were prepared through a facile chemical precipitation method and used as photocatalysts for NOFX degradation. Prior to photodegradation experiments, morphological and optical parameters of the QDs were examined through transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses. Mn:ZnS QDs exhibited excellent properties of photodegradation, not only under UV irradiation but also in sunlight, which induced NOFX to photodegrade. The utmost photodegradation efficiency was obtained under optimal conditions (25 mL of NOFX, 15 mg/L, pH 10, 60 min UV irradiation, 60 mgs QDs), adopting first order kinetics. In addition, hydroxyl radicals produced by the conduction band electrons were found to be the primary reason dominating the transformation of NOFX in basic conditions, while holes, oxygen atoms, as well as the doped metal (Mn) enhanced the degradation. The QDs showed excellent reusability and stability in four repeated cycles. Finally, four different pathways were predicted, derived from the identified intermediates, with piperazinyl ring transformation being the primary one. It is expected that the synthesized Mn:ZnS QDs could be utilized as efficient photocatalytic materials for energy conversion and ecological remediation.publishersversionpublishe

Effect of abnormal yolk sac, gestational sac and embryonic heart rate in pregnancy outcome

Background: The purpose of the study is to know the effect of abnormal yolk sac, abnormal gestational sac and abnormal embryonic heart rate on outcome of pregnancy in the tertiary care centre of Chhattisgarh.Methods: This prospective observational study included 50 pregnant females between 6-9 weeks gestation with singleton pregnancy attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary medical institution. Transvaginal sonography was carried out to quantify yolk sac characteristics. Abnormal yolk sac was defined according to Nyberg criteria.Results: Out of 50 cases, 25 cases had abnormal yolk sac, 23 cases had abnormal gestational sac and 22 cases had abnormal embryonic heart rate and heart rate was absent in 23 cases. Out of 50 cases, 32 got aborted and rest 18 cases had ongoing pregnancy beyond 20 weeks. Normal yolk sac diameter (YSD) (2-5 mm) showed 72.2% sensitivity, 62.5% specificity, 52% positive predictive value and 80% negative predictive value in predicting pregnancy outcome. Gestational sac diameter had 66.66% sensitivity, 53.12% specificity, 44.44% PPV and 73.91% NPV and for EHR had 22.22% sensitivity, 96.87% specificity, 80% PPV and 68.88% NPV.Conclusions: The embryos with abnormal YSD are highly associated with poor pregnancy outcome with good sensitivity and NPV. Present study indicates that the yolk sac measurement is reliable prognostic factor in predicting 1st trimester pregnancy outcome

HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CHENOPODIUM ALBUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN CCl4 INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS

Objective- Hepatoprotective activity of Chenopodium album leaves extract in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Method- The present study has been undertaken to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of Chenopodium album leaves extract in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The study was carried out by comparing SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline Phosphate, Direct Bilirubin, Total Bilirubin and Total proteins level in serum of different groups of rats. Histopathological study was also done on liver tissue of the all group of animals and compared with standard, positive control and negative control groups. Result- Rats treated with Chenopodium album leave extract caused a significant reduction in SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline phosphate, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin. Level of total proteins was found retrieving towards normalcy. Level of these enzymes was almost comparable to standard drug i.e. Silymarin. Hepatoprotective activity was confirmed by histopathological study of liver tissue of control and treated animals. Conclusion- From results it can be concluded that Chenopodium album possess hepatoprotective activity against CCl4­ induced liver toxicity in rats

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CHENOPODIUM ALBUM LEAVES EXTRACT

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Comparative study of analgesic effect of breastfeeding and oral sucrose in full-term newborns

Objective: To study the effects of breastfeeding (BF) and oral sucrose solution on pain due to intramuscular injection in newborns. Design: A prospective, interventional, randomized control study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Participants: Randomly selected 150 full-term vaginally delivered healthy newborns. Intervention: A total of 150 newborn infants were randomly divided into three groups. Out of 150 neonates, 50 were included in Group I as control group; 50 were included in Group II as intervention, in which 1 ml of 25% oral sucrose solution was given 2 min before the vaccination; 50 neonates were included in Group III as intervention group, in which BF started 2 min before vaccination and continued until the end of injection. Outcome Measure: The primary outcome of the study was to assess pain by premature infant pain profile (PIPP) score. Secondary outcome measured was changed in heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and crying time. Results: Mean PIPP scores were lower in the BF group (8.36) than in the sucrose solution group (11.06), and difference was significant (p<0.0001). The mean difference in the increase in HR, decrease in SpO2, and total duration of cry for the breastfeeding group were 13.47, 2.33, and 23.8, respectively, and for sucrose group, they were 16.58, 2.07, and 26.36, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: BF and oral sucrose both are equally efficacious in reducing crying time and physiological parameters (HR, SpO2) after intramuscular injection in neonatal period but desaturation was more observed in oral sucrose solution. Further, PIPP score is less in BF group. Thus, BF provides superior analgesia to oral sucrose in term newborns