Dimensionamento do potencial de investimentos para o setor portuário

Bibliografia: p. 32-33O presente estudo é apresentado em seis partes: a primeira contém uma breve apresentação sobre a estrutura do setor portuário brasileiro e as características de seu principal marco regulatório, com destaque para o papel da Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários - ANTAQ. A segunda parte faz alusão à organização do setor e ao atual estado-da-arte no Brasil e referências internacionais. A terceira parte sintetiza alguns dos principais resultados quantitativos inerentes à movimentação portuária de cargas de diversos segmentos econômicos no período 2000-2004. Os gargalos logísticos estão comentados na parte quatro, com destaque para as restrições dos acessos marítimos e terrestres (rodoviário e ferroviário). A quinta parte contempla as principais necessidades de inversões no setor portuário, com estimativas da demanda de recursos do BNDES. Por derradeiro, encerramos o estudo com as conclusões e recomendações de praxe

ASPECTOS DE INOVAÇÃO E DE REDES QUE AFETAM A IMAGEM DA MARCA: O CASO HARLEY-DAVIDSON E BUELL

Among the many trends impacting the business world nowadays two have become most prominent: the high tax of innovation and the fact that society is more and more organizing itself as networks. In addition, some authors pose that in such a society aspects relating to brand management tend to be more relevant for competitive differentiation than those relating to the quality of products. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing how aspects of innovation and networks affect the image of two global brands from the same company in Brazil. This is one of the first empirical investigations on the contributions of a theoretical essay and because of that the work is characterized as an exploratory and descriptive research that employed the case study research strategy. The brands chosen for analysis were Harley-Davidson and Buell, from the motorcycles produced by the Harley-Davidson Motor Company, because they conform to the requirements implicit in the objective. The analysis performed revealed great convergence and adherence between concepts and secondary and primary data collection, reinforcing the conclusions and allowing the formulation of suggestions for future research.Entre las diversas tendencias que impactan actualmente el mundo de los negocios dos se destacan: el alta taja de innovación y el facto de la sociedad se organizar cada vez más en redes. En complementación, algunos autores resaltan que en una sociedad como esa los aspectos relacionados a la marca tienden a ser más relevantes para la diferenciación competitiva de la oferta de las empresas que aquellos vinculados a la calidad del producto. En ese contexto, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar como aspectos de innovación y de redes afectan la imagen de dos marcas globales de una empresa en Brasil. Se trata de una de las primeras investigaciones empíricas de las contribuciones de un ensayo teórico y así el trabajo envolvió la realización de una investigación exploratorio-descriptiva que empleó la estrategia de investigación estudio de casos. Se analizó las marcas Harley-Davidson y Buell, de motocicletas fabricadas por la empresa Harley-Davidson Motor Company por cumplir los requisitos implícitos en el objetivo. Las análisis realizadas permitieron verificar una gran convergencia y adherencia de resultados entre la parte conceptual, las informaciones secundarias y las informaciones primarias colectadas, afirmando las conclusiones y permitiendo la formulación de sugerencias para investigaciones futuras.Entre as diversas tendências que impactam atualmente o mundo dos negócios duas se destacam: a alta taxa de inovação e o fato de a sociedade se organizar cada vez mais em redes. Em complementação, alguns autores ressaltam que, em uma sociedade como essa os aspectos relacionados à marca tendem a ser mais relevantes para a diferenciação competitiva da oferta das empresas do que aqueles ligados à qualidade do produto. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar como aspectos de inovação e de redes afetam a imagem de duas marcas globais de uma mesma empresa no Brasil. Trata-se de uma das primeiras investigações empíricas das contribuições de um ensaio teórico e por isso o trabalho envolveu a realização de uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva que empregou a estratégia de pesquisa estudo de casos. Foram analisadas as marcas Harley-Davidson e Buell, de motocicletas fabricadas pela empresa Harley-Davidson Motor Company em função de elas atenderem aos requisitos implícitos no objetivo. As análises realizadas permitiram verificar uma grande convergência e aderência de resultados entre a parte conceitual, as informações secundárias e as informações primárias coletadas, reforçando as conclusões e permitindo a formulação de sugestões para pesquisas futuras

Antiphospholipid antibodies and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The multicenter athero-aps study

Background. The prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is unknown. Methods. A prospective multicenter cohort study including 125 patients was conducted: 91 primary APS (PAPS), 18 APS-SLE, and 16 carriers. HFpEF was diagnosed according to the 2019 European Society of Cardiology criteria: patients with ≥5 points among major and minor functional and morphological criteria including NT-ProBNP > 220 pg/mL, left atrial (LA) enlargement, increased left ventricular filling pressure. Results. Overall, 18 (14.4%) patients were diagnosed with HFpEF; this prevalence increased from 6.3% in carriers to 13.2% in PAPS and 27.8% in APS-SLE. Patients with HFpEF were older and with a higher prevalence of hypertension and previous arterial events. At logistic regression analysis, age, arterial hypertension, anticardiolipin antibodies IgG > 40 GPL (odds ratio (OR) 3.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–10.77, p = 0.035), anti β-2-glycoprotein-I IgG > 40 GPL (OR 5.28, 1.53– 18.27, p = 0.009), lupus anticoagulants DRVVT > 1.25 (OR 5.20, 95% CI 1.10–24.68, p = 0.038), and triple positivity (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.11–11.47, p = 0.033) were associated with HFpEF after adjustment for age and sex. By multivariate analysis, hypertension (OR 19.49, 95% CI 2.21–171.94, p = 0.008), age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.14, p = 0.044), and aβ2GPI IgG > 40 GPL (OR 8.62, 95% CI 1.23–60.44, p = 0.030) were associated with HFpEF. Conclusion. HFpEF is detectable in a relevant proportion of APS patients. The role of aPL in the pathogenesis and prognosis of HFpEF needs further investigation.publishersversionpublishe

PCSK9 regulates Nox2-mediated platelet activation via CD36 receptor in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background: High levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) is predictive of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that PCSK9 may directly induce platelet activation (PA). Methods: We measured platelet aggregation, recruitment, Thromboxane B2 (TxB2) formation and soluble P-selectin levels as markers of PA and soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNox2-dp), H2O2, isoprostanes and oxidized Low-Density-Lipoprotein (oxLDL) to analyze oxidative stress (OS) in 88 patients having PCSK9 values < (n = 44) or > (n = 44) 1.2 ng/mL, balanced for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, we investigated if normal (n = 5) platelets incubated with PCSK9 (1.0–2.0 ng/mL) alone or with LDL (50 µg/mL) displayed changes of PA, OS and down-stream signaling. Results: PA and OS markers were significantly higher in patients with PCSK9 levels > 1.2 ng/mL compared to those with values < 1.2 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Levels of PCSK9 significantly correlated with markers of PA and OS. Platelets incubation with PCSK9 increased PA, OS and p38, p47 and Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) phosphorylation. These changes were amplified by adding LDL and blunted by CD36 or Nox2 inhibitors. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed an immune complex of PCSK9 with CD36. Conclusions: We provide the first evidence that PCSK9, at concentration found in the circulation of AF patients, directly interacts with platelets via CD36 receptor and activating Nox2: this effect is amplified in presence of LDL

Nutritive value of rations containing sugar cane, poultry litter and corn

Realizou-se, no campus da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP, em Jaboticabal, SP, um estudo com o objetivo de determinar a ingestão voluntária e a digestibilidade aparente de rações contendo diferentes relações de cana-de-açúcar: cama-de-frango (CC1 = 65,50 : 34,50%; CC2 = 58,00 : 42,00%; e CC3 - 52,00 : 48,00% combinadas com três níveis de milho (M1 = 0 kg; M2 = 0,75 kg e M3 = 1,50 kg), através do delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 com três repetições. Utilizaram-se nove bezerros pesando, em média, 334 kg. Através da análise de regressão, detectou-se efeito linear positivo (P < 0,01) entre os níveis de milho e a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, da matéria orgânica, do extrato etéreo, do extrato não nitrogenado e dos teores de nutrientes digestíveis totais. As proporções de cana: cama-de-frango com menores quantidades de cana proporcionaram aumentos na digestibilidade da proteína e da fibra bruta (P < 0,01). Não houve interação significativa entre os níveis de milho e as proporções de cana: cama-de-frango. O valor nutritivo e a ingestão de matéria seca total foram significativamente aumentadas nas rações com os níveis crescentes de milho (P < 0,01).This work was conduced at Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil, with the objective of finding out the intake and apparent digestibility of the nutrients in rations with different proportions of sugar cane (SC) and poultry litter (PL): 65.50 : 34.50%; 58.00 : 42.00% and 52.00 : 48.00% combined with three levels of corn: 0; 0.15 kg an 1,50 kg. Treatments were studied according to a completely randomized block design 32 with three replications. Nine steers with an initial average weight of 334 kg were used. Linear regression studies showed significant effects (P < 0.01) of the different levels of corn on apparent digestibility of the dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and total digestible nutrients. Proportions of SC/PL with lower sugarcane ration increased crude fiber and protein digestibility (P < 0.01). There was no significant interaction of the levels of corn and different proportions of sugarcane to poultry litter. Nutritive value and total intake of dry matter increased with the levels of corn in the ration (P < 0.01)

Effects of the inclusion of glycerin in diets containing 30 or 70% roughage on feed disappearance and digestibility

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro nutrient disappearance and in vivo nutrient digestibility of cattle diets containing 70 or 30% roughage, with and without glycerin supplementation. Four Nellore cattle were used in the study based on a 4 × 4 Latin Square design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Inclusion of glycerin and roughage proportion did not affect the nutrient disappearance of each ingredient (P > 0.05). Regardless of the inclusion of glycerin, a reduction in the proportion of roughage led to an increase (P 0.05) in STD (78%). Inclusion of glycerin at 20% of the total DM increased the utilisation of dietary DM without affecting the fibrous fraction of the diet. Glycerin supplementation in diets containing 70% roughage improves neutral detergent fibre digestibility

Substituição parcial de milho por cascas de soja em dietas de alta percentagem de grãos para ovinos confinados

The objective of this work was to evaluate the partial replacement of corn grains by soybean hulls, in high-grain diets, and its effect on the feeding behavior and ruminal fermentation parameters of feedlot sheep. Eight rumen-cannulated crossbred sheep were assigned to four treatment groups composed of a control, to fed a diet of 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate, and to three groups fed high-grain diets, as follows: 85% corn (Diet85), 75% corn plus 10% soybean hulls (Diet75), and 65% corn plus 20% soybean hulls (Diet65). High-grain diets reduced rumination time and provided a higher degradation of feed dry matter, a higher-propionic acid concentration, a lower-acetic acid concentration, a lower methane and carbon dioxide gas production, and a lower ruminal pH value. Diet65, with 20% soybean hulls, promoted an increase in the acetic acid proportion, with a reduction in the CO2:CH4 ratio. At the end of in vitro incubation, the pH value was higher for the control diet, and it was lower for Diet85. The inclusion of soybean hulls does not change methane production and dry matter degradation, and it can be used to substitute up to 20% of corn grain in high-grain diets.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a substituição parcial de milho por cascas de soja, em dietas de alta percentagem de grãos, e seu efeito sobre o comportamento alimentar e os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal em ovinos confinados. Oito carneiros com rúmens canulados foram distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais, compostos de um controle, alimentado com uma dieta de 50% de silagem de milho e 50% de concentrado, e em três grupos alimentados com as seguintes dietas com alta percentagem de grãos: 85% de milho (Diet85), 75% de milho e 10% de cascas de soja (Diet75), e 65% de milho e 20% de cascas de soja (Diet65). Os tratamentos de alta percentagem de grãos reduziram o tempo de ruminação e proporcionaram maior degradação da matéria seca do alimento, maior concentração de ácido propiônico, menor concentração de ácido acético, menor produção de gás metano e carbono, e menor valor de pH ruminal. A Diet65, com 20% de casca de soja, promoveu o aumento da proporção de ácido acético, com a redução da relação CO2:CH4 no rúmen. Ao final da incubação in vitro, o valor de pH foi maior na dieta-controle, e menor na Diet85. A inclusão de cascas de soja não altera a produção de metano nem a degradação da matéria seca e pode ser usada para substituir até 20% do milho em dietas de alta percentagem de grãos

Low-grade endotoxemia and risk of recurrent thrombosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome. The multicenter ATHERO-APS study.

Low-grade endotoxemia is associated with systemic inflammation, enhanced oxidative stress and cardiovascular events in different clinical settings, but its possible role as "second hit" in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) has never been investigated. To evaluate the relationship between plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, oxidative stress markers and risk of thrombosis in the prospective multicenter ATHERO-APS study. Baseline LPS, soluble NADPH-oxidase 2-derived peptide (sNOX-dp), H2O2 production, hydrogen peroxide breakdown activity (HBA), and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability were compared in 97 PAPS, 16 non-thrombotic aPL carriers and 21 controls (CTRL) matched for age and sex. Correlations among laboratory variables were explored by Rho Spearman's correlation (rS). Cox-regression analysis was performed to assess the association between LPS and risk for a composite outcome of cardiovascular death, venous and arterial thromboembolism. In the whole cohort (median age 51 years (IQR 43-60), 72 % female), PAPS demonstrated higher levels of LPS, sNOX-dp and H2O2 and lower levels of NO and HBA compared to non-thrombotic aPL carriers and CTRL. LPS levels were inversely correlated with HBA (rS: -0.295, p = 0.001) and NO (rS: -0.322, p 23.1 pg/ml) had a 5-fold increased risk of composite outcome compared to those with LPS below the median, after adjustment for sex, age, diabetes, and global antiphospholipid syndrome score. Low-grade endotoxemia is associated with an increased oxidative stress and a higher risk of thrombosis in PAPS. Its prognostic value in carriers needs to be investigated in larger cohorts

Management of anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients in Italy: insight from the <i>Atrial Fibrillation-Survey on Anticoagulated Patients Register</i> (AF-START)

The survey on anticoagulated patients register (START-Register) is an independent, prospective, inception-cohort observational study aimed at providing information on patients on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in Italy. In this study, we describe the cohort of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in the START-Register and report outcomes and changes in anticoagulant prescription from 2011 to 2021. The study included 11,078 AF patients, enrolled in 47 Italian centers distributed all over the Country; the median age was 77 years (range 18-99 years); 6029 (54.3%) were men; 5135 (46.4%) were on VKAs, and 5943 (53.6%) were on DOACs. Warfarin was the most prescribed VKA (98.4%), and apixaban was the most prescribed DOAC (31.6%). Among DOAC users, 4022 (67.7%) patients were naive to anticoagulation, and 2562 (43.1%) patients were treated with a reduced dose. DOAC patients were significantly older than VKA patients (median age 79 years vs 76 years respectively, P<0.001), but no gender difference was detected. The mean CHA2DS2VASc score was higher in DOAC users than in VKA users (3.7 vs 3.6; P=0.03). The mean HAS-BLED score was not different between the two groups. During follow-up, 542 bleeding events were recorded [2.44 per 100 patient-years (pt-yrs)]; 240 were major (1.08 per 100 pt-yrs), and 301 were clinically relevant non-major bleedings (1.34 per 100 pt-yrs). 146 thrombotic events were recorded during follow-up (0.66 per 100 pt-yrs). The total mortality rate was 3.5 per 100 pt-yrs; the mortality rate was 4.54 per 100 pt-yrs among patients on VKAs and 2.31 per 100 pt-yrs among patients on DOACs. During the last 10 years, in Italy, AF patient management has changed with the large spread of DOACs all over the Country. DOAC patients are frequently treated with reduced doses and show a lower mortality rate in comparison to patients on VKAs

Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. The Multicenter ATHERO-APS Study

The prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is unknown. A prospective multicenter cohort study including 125 patients was conducted: 91 primary APS (PAPS), 18 APS-SLE, and 16 carriers. HFpEF was diagnosed according to the 2019 European Society of Cardiology criteria: patients with ≥5 points among major and minor functional and morphological criteria including NT-ProBNP > 220 pg/mL, left atrial (LA) enlargement, increased left ventricular filling pressure. Overall, 18 (14.4%) patients were diagnosed with HFpEF; this prevalence increased from 6.3% in carriers to 13.2% in PAPS and 27.8% in APS-SLE. Patients with HFpEF were older and with a higher prevalence of hypertension and previous arterial events. At logistic regression analysis, age, arterial hypertension, anticardiolipin antibodies IgG > 40 GPL (odds ratio (OR) 3.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-10.77, p = 0.035), anti β-2-glycoprotein-I IgG > 40 GPL (OR 5.28, 1.53-18.27, p = 0.009), lupus anticoagulants DRVVT > 1.25 (OR 5.20, 95% CI 1.10-24.68, p = 0.038), and triple positivity (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.11-11.47, p = 0.033) were associated with HFpEF after adjustment for age and sex. By multivariate analysis, hypertension (OR 19.49, 95% CI 2.21-171.94, p = 0.008), age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.14, p = 0.044), and aβ2GPI IgG > 40 GPL (OR 8.62, 95% CI 1.23-60.44, p = 0.030) were associated with HFpEF. HFpEF is detectable in a relevant proportion of APS patients. The role of aPL in the pathogenesis and prognosis of HFpEF needs further investigation