1,104 research outputs found
Fusing Data with Correlations
Many applications rely on Web data and extraction systems to accomplish
knowledge-driven tasks. Web information is not curated, so many sources provide
inaccurate, or conflicting information. Moreover, extraction systems introduce
additional noise to the data. We wish to automatically distinguish correct data
and erroneous data for creating a cleaner set of integrated data. Previous work
has shown that a na\"ive voting strategy that trusts data provided by the
majority or at least a certain number of sources may not work well in the
presence of copying between the sources. However, correlation between sources
can be much broader than copying: sources may provide data from complementary
domains (\emph{negative correlation}), extractors may focus on different types
of information (\emph{negative correlation}), and extractors may apply common
rules in extraction (\emph{positive correlation, without copying}). In this
paper we present novel techniques modeling correlations between sources and
applying it in truth finding.Comment: Sigmod'201
Aggregation Of Chlorophyll a Probed By Resonance Light Scattering Spectroscopy
We report the resonance light scattering (RLS) spectra of chlorophyll a aggregated in a 9:1 solution of formamide and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. The aggregate formed after 2 h of mixing, referred to as Chl(469), shows a strong scattering feature at 469 nm (Soret band) and a much weaker feature at 699 nm (Q(y) band). A kinetic investigation confirmed that the aggregation process is cooperative, and also detected one intermediate (Chl(458)) with a strong RLS spectrum but only a weak CD spectrum. We propose that aggregation proceeds via at least three steps: 1) formation of a nucleating species, probably a dimer of chlorophylls; 2) formation of large aggregates with little or no secondary structure (e.g., Chl(458)); and 3) conformational change to form helical aggregate (Chl(469))
Krooninen vÀsymysoireyhtymÀ : Etiologia, diagnostiikka, hoito sekÀ kuntoutusinterventiot
TÀmÀn kroonisen vÀsymysoireyhtymÀn (KVO) diagnostiikkaa, etiologiaa ja hoitokeinojen vaikuttavuutta koskevan selvityksen menetelminÀ ovat systemaattinen kirjallisuuskatsaus ja kysely. Aiheen laajuuden vuoksi liikkeelle lÀhdettiin julkaistuista systemaattisista kirjallisuuskatsauksista, ja nÀistÀ saatavaa tietoa tÀydennettiin uusilla alkuperÀistutkimuksilla. Katsausten ja hoitotutkimusten laatu arvioitiin ja nÀytönaste arvioitiin lopputulosmuuttujittain. Suomen hoitokÀytÀnnöistÀ haettiin lisÀtietoa KVO-potilaille sekÀ heitÀ hoitaville lÀÀkÀreille suunnatulla kyselyllÀ. Työ on tehty elokuun 2015 ja marraskuun 2016 vÀlisenÀ aikana. Kroonisen vÀsymysoireyhtymÀn riskitekijöitÀ ovat traumaattiset kokemukset, aiempi masennus, yliaktiivinen elÀmÀntapa ja tÀydellisyyden tavoittelu mutta toisaalta myös passiivisuus tai liikunnan vÀlttely. ImmuunijÀrjestelmÀ, neuroendokriininen jÀrjestelmÀ ja autonominen hermosto ovat osallisia oireyhtymÀn patofysiologiassa. PitkÀkestoisella stressillÀ nÀyttÀÀ olevan tÀrkeÀ vÀlittÀvÀ rooli. Kroonisen vÀsymysoireyhtymÀn diagnostiikassa oleellista on muiden vÀsymystÀ aiheuttavien, mahdollisesti henkeÀ uhkaavien, sairauksien poissulku. Erotusdiagnostiikkaa tehdÀÀn myös muiden vÀsymyksenÀ ilmenevien oireyhtymien tunnistamiseksi. TaudinmÀÀritykseen on kÀytettÀvissÀ useita erilaisia kansainvÀlisiÀ diagnostisia kriteeristöjÀ. Kansallisia hoitosuosituksia tarvittaisiin yhdenmukaistamaan KVO-potilaiden nykyisellÀÀn kirjavaa diagnostiikkaa ja hoitoa Suomessa. Porrastettu fyysinen harjoittelu ja kognitiivis-behavioraalinen terapia ovat pitkÀÀn olleet ainoita hoitoja, joiden vaikuttavuudesta on kohtalaista nÀyttöÀ. KÀytössÀ on myös lÀÀkkeitÀ ja terapioita, joita on tutkittu vain hyvin vÀhÀn tai ei ollenkaan. Rintatolimodi ja rituksimabi ovat laskimonsisÀisesti annosteltavia lÀÀkeaineita, joilla nÀyttö KVO-potilaiden fyysisen toimintakyvyn parantajina on heikko. Sama pÀtee muun muassa suun kautta annosteltuun hydrokortisoniin, yrttilÀÀkkeisiin ja ravintolisiin.peerReviewedVertaisarvioit
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How alternative urban stream channel designs influence ecohydraulic conditions.
Streams draining urban catchments ubiquitously undergo negative physical and ecosystem changes, recognized to be primarily driven by frequent stormwater runoff input. The common management intervention is rehabilitation of channel morphology. Despite engineering design intentions, ecohydraulic benefits of urban channel rehabilitation are largely unknown and likely limited. This investigation uses an ecohydraulic modeling approach to investigate the performance of alternative channel design configurations intended to restore key ecosystem functioning in urban streams. Channel reconfiguration design scenarios, specified to emulate the range of channel topographic complexity often used in rehabilitation are compared against a reference 'natural' scenario using ecologically relevant hydraulic metrics. The results showed that the ecohydraulic conditions were incremental improved with the addition of natural oscillations to an increasing number of individual topographic variables in a degraded channel. Results showed that reconfiguration reduced excessive frequency of bed mobility, loss of habitat and hydraulic diversity particularly as more topographic variables were added. However, the results also showed that none of the design scenarios returned the ecohydraulics to their reference conditions. This indicate that channel-based restoration can offer some potential changes to hydraulic habitat conditions but are unlikely to completely mitigate the effects of hydrologic change. We suggest that while reach-scale channel modification may be beneficial to restore urban stream, addressing altered hydrology is critical to fully recover natural ecosystem processes
A search strategy for occupational health intervention studies
Background: As a result of low numbers and diversity in study type, occupational health intervention studies are not easy to locate in electronic literature databases. Aim: To develop a search strategy that facilitates finding occupational health intervention studies in Medline, both for researchers and practitioners. Methods: A gold standard of articles was created by going through two whole volumes of 19 biomedical journals, both occupational health specialty and non-occupational health journals. Criteria for occupational health intervention studies were: evaluating an intervention with an occupational health outcome and a study design with a control group. Each journal was searched independently by two of the authors. Search terms were developed by asking specialists and counting word frequencies in gold standard articles. Results: Out of 11 022 articles published we found 149 occupational health intervention studies. The most sensitive single terms were work*[tw] (sensitivity 71%, specificity 88%) and effect*[tw] (sensitivity 75%, specificity 63%). The most sensitive string was (effect*[tw] OR control*[tw] OR evaluation*[tw] OR program*[tw]) AND (work*[tw] OR occupation*[tw] OR prevention*[tw] OR protect*[tw]) (sensitivity 89%, specificity 78%). The most specific single terms were "occupational health"[tw] (sensitivity 22%, specificity 98%) and effectiveness[tw] (sensitivity 22%, specificity 98%). The most specific string was (program[tw] OR "prevention and control"[sh]) AND (occupational[tw] OR worker*[tw]) (sensitivity 47%, specificity 98%). Conclusion: No single search terms are available that can locate occupational health intervention studies sufficiently. The authors' search strings have acceptable sensitivity and specificity to be used by researchers and practitioners respectively. Redefinition and elaboration of keywords in Medline could greatly facilitate the location of occupational health intervention studies
Differentiation of Murine C2C12 Myoblasts Strongly Reduces the Effects of Myostatin on Intracellular Signaling
Alongside in vivo models, a simpler and more mechanistic approach is required to study the effects of myostatin on skeletal muscle because myostatin is an important negative regulator of muscle size. In this study, myostatin was administered to murine (C2C12) and human (CHQ) myoblasts and myotubes. Canonical and noncanonical signaling downstream to myostatin, related ligands, and their receptor were analyzed. The effects of tumorkines were analyzed after coculture of C2C12 and colon cancer-C26 cells. The effects of myostatin on canonical and noncanonical signaling were strongly reduced in C2C12 cells after differentiation. This may be explained by increased follistatin, an endogenous blocker of myostatin and altered expression of activin receptor ligands. In contrast, CHQ cells were equally responsive to myostatin, and follistatin remained unaltered. Both myostatin administration and the coculture stimulated pathways associated with inflammation, especially in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, the effects of myostatin on intracellular signaling may be cell line- or organism-specific, and C2C12 myotubes seem to be a nonoptimal in vitro model for investigating the effects of myostatin on canonical and noncanonical signaling in skeletal muscle. This may be due to altered expression of activin receptor ligands and their regulators during muscle cell differentiation.Peer reviewe
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Do rearing salmonids predictably occupy physical microhabitat?
Microhabitat suitability models are commonly used to estimate salmonid habitat abundance and quality with unknown accuracy or reliability. When tested, the metrics used to evaluate these models are often limited by the methods used to develop them. More generalized bioverification strategies that transcend methodology are therefore needed in ecohydraulics. This study further developed and applied such a generalized bioverification framework to four approximately 1-m-resolution rearing salmonid microhabitat suitability models. Water depth and velocity habitat suitability criteria (HSC) functions were developed for two size classes of rearing Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and O. mykiss using snorkel survey data collected over three years at seven sites along the lower Yuba River in California, USA. An expert-based cover HSC function was modified from previous studies. HSC functions were applied to previously validated, approximately 1-m-resolution two-dimensional hydrodynamic models and cover maps of the river. MannâWhitney U tests confirmed that suitability values were significantly higher at utilized locations compared to randomly generated, non-utilized locations for all four models. Bootstrapped forage ratios demonstrated that microhabitat suitability models accurately predicted both preferred and avoided habitat beyond the 95% confidence level. This generalized bioverification framework is recommended for evaluating and comparing the accuracy and reliability of ecohydraulic models used in habitat management worldwide
Skill and added value of the MiKlip regional decadal prediction system for temperature over Europe
In recent years, several decadal prediction systems have been developed to provide multi-year predictions of the climate for the next 5â10âyears. On the global scale, high decadal predictability has been identified for the North Atlantic sector, often extending over Europe. The first full regional hindcast ensemble, derived from dynamical downscaling, was produced within the German MiKlip project (âdecadal predictionsâ). The ensemble features annual starting dates from 1960 to 2017, with 10 decadal hindcasts per starting year. The global component of the prediction system uses the MPI-ESM-LR and the downscaling is performed with the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM). The present study focusses on a range of aspects dealing with the skill and added value of regional decadal temperature predictions over Europe. The results substantiate the added value of the regional hindcasts compared to the forcing global model as well as to un-initialized simulations. The results show that the hindcasts are skilful both for annual and seasonal means, and that the scores are comparable for different observational reference data sets. The predictive skill increases from earlier to more recent start-years. A recalibration of the simulation data generally improves the skill further, which can also be transferred to more user-relevant variables and extreme values like daily maximum temperatures and heating degree-days. These results provide evidence of the potential for the regional climate predictions to provide valuable climate information on the decadal time-scale to users
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