El proceso de producción de textos en lengua extranjera: prácticas de escritura académica de alumnos universitarios.

La producción de textos en el ámbito universitario tiene sus propias convenciones y patrones, diferentes de los que la regulan en otros ámbitos. El abordaje de la producción de estos textos presenta dificultades para los estudiantes quienes necesitan instrucción para reconocer las reglas sobre las que se construyen los diferentes discursos académicos. Cada campo disciplinar tiene sus propios mecanismos, que implican determinadas estrategias discursivas que funcionan como modelos. Siguiendo a Swales (1990) escribir implica el contacto del sujeto con las convenciones de su comunidad discursiva. Estas convenciones y estrategias discursivas estarán presentes en los textos que nuestros alumnos redacten como parte de las demandas de su futura vida profesional y deberán adquirirlas y desarrollarlas en el ámbito universitario. Este trabajo se plantea describir ciertas características de la escritura en textos académicos producidos por estudiantes universitarios avanzados de inglés como lengua extranjera de las carreras de profesorado, traductorado y licenciatura. Entre los recursos argumentativos disponibles, específicamente se ocupa de analizar la manera en que los alumnos recurren a las fuentes de las que obtienen información para redactar sus propios textos de investigación y las reconocen o incorporan a sus escritos. El análisis se realizó sobre los ensayos asignados a los estudiantes y que fueron redactados en clase, por los alumnos que cursan las carreras antes mencionadas en una universidad Actas Congreso Nacional Subsede Cátedra Unesco UNR – octubre 2014 nacional pública de nuestro país y fueron producidos en el marco del proyecto de escritura de la asignatura Lengua Inglesa V, asignatura que se cursa durante el último año de dichas carreras.Academic writing has its own conventions and patterns which make it different from other types of writing. Composing academic essays and papers poses difficulties to students who need specific instruction to acquire the rules on which different academic discourses are built. Every discipline has its own mechanisms that imply specific discourse strategies that function as models. According to Swales (1990) academic writing implies knowledge of the discipline’s conventions. These conventions and discourse strategies will be present in our students’ texts as key elements in their future professional writing demands and should be acquired during their undergraduate years. This work attempts to describe certain characteristics of the academic writing texts composed by advanced EFL university students. The study will analyze how the students make use of sources to compose their own texts and how they acknowledge them or incorporate them into their writing. The students, enrolled in a national university in Argentina, were asked to write essays in class, as part of the requirements for the Language V writing project

La atribución de fuentes en la escritura académica de alumnos de grado : relevamiento de estrategias

Academic writing has its own conventions and patterns which make it different from other types of writing. Composing academic essays and papers poses difficulties to students who need specific instruction to acquire the rules on which different academic discourses are built. Every discipline has its own mechanisms that imply specific discourse strategies that function as models. According to Swales (1990) academic writing implies knowledge of the discipline’s conventions. These conventions and discourse strategies will be present in the students’ texts as essential elements in their future professional writing demands and should be acquired during their undergraduate years. This work explores key attribution strategies required in advanced EFL university student compositions and analyzes to what extent a group of learners at the National University of Córdoba (UNC) in Argentina use them in writing their own texts and to what degree they acknowledge and incorporate secondary sources in their works. The students were asked to write an assignment in class, as part of the requirements for the Language V writing project. Four basic linguistic resources of secondary source use were analyzed – citation, paraphrasing, quotation format, and the use of reporting verbs. The findings offer insights into student practices and suggest the need for greater and continuous pedagogical support to enable students to achieve competence in secondary source use

A DNA method for qualitative identification of plant raw materials in feedstuff

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Prevalence and risk factors for thermotolerant species of Campylobacter in poultry meat at retail in Europe

Abstract The thermotolerant species Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter upsaliensis are the causative agents of the human illness called campylobacteriosis. This infection represents a threat for the health of consumers in Europe. It is well known that poultry meat is an important food vehicle of Campylobacter infection. As emerged from the reported scientific literature published between 2006 and 2016, poultry meat sold at retail level in Europe represents an important source of the pathogen. The contamination level of poultry meat sold at retail can vary depending on pre- and post-harvest factors. Among the pre-harvest measures, strict biosecurity practices must be guaranteed; moreover, among post-harvest control measures scalding, chilling and removal of faecal residues can reduce the contamination level of Campylobacter. An additional issue is represented by increasing proportion of Campylobacter isolates resistant to tetracyclines, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid, thus feeding a serious concern on the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment for human campylobacteriosis in a near future

Evaluation of the digestibility of Lathyrus sativus in growing pigs

The EU ban on meals of animal origin and the rejection by some States, including Italy, of genetically modified organ- isms (e.g. soybean), have resulted in the need for novel protein sources. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the digestibility of rations where soybean was partially replaced with Lathyrus sativusL. Twelve hybrid growing pigs were fed three diets formulated to be isoenergetic and isoproteic according to a Latin square design, each for 22 days. In the two experimental diets soybean was replaced by 10% or 20% L. sativus.Subjects were about 78 kg live weight at base- line. After 10 days of adaptation to each diet, faeces samples were collected from the rectum at the same time of day for 3 days. At the end of the administration of each diet, animals were weighed and blood was collected to determine some protein metabolism parameters. Feed and faeces were analysed for nutrients and AIA in order to calculate the coef- ficients of digestible utilisation of nutrients. Results were analysed by ANOVA using JMP (SAS system). The growth per- formance data (ADG and FCR) did not demonstrate differences attributable to the substitution of soybean with L. sativus. The coefficients of digestible utilisation indicate that soybean can be replaced with this legume seed. Low plasma urea in animals receiving 20% L. sativusconfirmed the good metabolic efficiency of protein

El estudio del género como herramienta de escritura para ingresantes a las carreras de Inglés en la Universidad

Los estudiantes de las carreras de inglés de la Facultad de Lenguas sostienen que la escritura en los distintos géneros abordados durante el cursado de los estudios se presenta como un obstáculo difícil de sortear. Es de vital importancia entonces que desde el ingreso estos alumnos sean guiados en el reconocimiento y producción de distintos géneros a través de la lectura reflexiva y de prácticas escriturarias pertinentes. Martin y Rose (2005), Rose y Martin (2012), entre otros, sostienen que tanto la lectura como la escritura son pilares fundamentales de la educación y pueden desarrollarse a partir de la deconstrucción, modelaje y producción de textos específicos. Hemos delineado esta investigación con el propósito de analizar cómo el estudio de la configuración genérica puede ayudar a estudiantes de una lengua extranjera a desarrollar la habilidad para redactar en distintos géneros en la lengua meta. El principal objetivo es dar cuenta del desempeño del alumno en la redacción de textos que describen al finalizar el curso introductorio, luego de haber estado inmerso en prácticas de escritura del género básico descripción de lugares y personas. Nos interesa la descripción puesto que constituye una de las fases en la redacción de géneros como el informe (Martin & Rose, 2008) y sirve como base para el posterior desarrollo de géneros más complejos. Esta investigación se enmarca directamente en las nociones sobre género propuestas por los autores antes mencionados, quienes parten de los postulados teóricos propuestos por la lingüística sistémico-funcional (Halliday, 1985, 1994; Halliday & Mathiessen, 2004). Para esta investigación se ha administrado un pretest de escritura al inicio del curso de nivelación cuyos resultados han sido comparados con un posttest al finalizar los dos meses de instrucción sobre descripción. En esta mesa coordinada presentaremos los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento. Distintos investigadores del equipo harán referencia a lo observado respecto de las variables estudiadas, es decir, uno relatará lo hallado en relación con los procesos empleados, otro con expresiones que designan circunstancias y relaciones lógico-semánticas, otro con la cohesión y por último con la organización de la información en Tema-Rema.http://www.aaretorica.org/pdf/congreso2.pdfFil: Oliva, María Belén. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas, Argentina.Fil: Pasquini, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Fil: Rius, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Fil: Anglada, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Lingüístic

Exploitation of Tenebrio molitor larvae as biological factories for human probiotics, an exploratory study

The exploitation of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae for the bioaugmentation of probiotic Bacillus clausii strains was evaluated during a 7-day rearing period. qPCR was applied to evaluate the persistence and growth of B. clausii in the rearing substrate and larvae (washed and non-washed). Moreover, the effect of freeze-drying of larvae on B. clausii viability was evaluated. The results demonstrated the suitability of yellow mealworm as biological factories for the multiplication of B. clausii through a simple and inexpensive procedure, in view of the further application of larvae as foods and food ingredients. In more detail, an increase in the load of B. clausii was observed during the 7-day rearing of larvae fed wheat middlings spiked with 1 Log cells g−1. Further research is needed to evaluate the most suitable technologies and processing parameters for obtaining yellow mealworm-based ingredients with a stable and active population of probiotic B. clausii

Conservation and selection of genes related to environmental adaptation in native small ruminant breeds : a review

Environmental stressors have, over generations, influenced the morphology, anatomy, behaviour, physiology, and genetic structure of small ruminants. The widespread dispersal of small ruminants over vast geographical areas occurred along with human migration, thereby promoting the adaptative process to different environmental conditions mainly through natural selection. Ongoing global warming prompted scientific efforts to deepen the knowledge and understanding of adaptation traits in small ruminants. Compared to other ruminants, sheep and goats seem to have a better adaptation ability to environmental stressors, as evident by their presence across different geographic areas on a global level. Adaptation to a specific environment leads to variations in precise genomic regions, allowing for the identification and selection of animals with a high capacity of adaptation to environmental stressors. Rapid development in sequencing technologies, together with bioinformatics tools, make it possible to analyse the genomic regions related to environmental adaptation. Hence, the aims of this review were (i) to outline the main steps of the evolution process in sheep and goat species, (ii) to summarise candidate genes related to environmental adaptation, and (iii) to evaluate both selection and conservation possibilities of these genes in native small ruminant breeds for future challenges to better face the global warming.peer-reviewe

Structural basis for the magnesium-dependent activation of transketolase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Background In photosynthetic organisms, transketolase (TK) is involved in the Calvin-Benson cycle and participates to the regeneration of ribulose-5-phosphate. Previous studies demonstrated that TK catalysis is strictly dependent on thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and divalent ions such as Mg2 +. Methods TK from the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrTK) was recombinantly produced and purified to homogeneity. Biochemical properties of the CrTK enzyme were delineated by activity assays and its structural features determined by CD analysis and X-ray crystallography. Results CrTK is homodimeric and its catalysis depends on the reconstitution of the holo-enzyme in the presence of both TPP and Mg2 +. Activity measurements and CD analysis revealed that the formation of fully active holo-CrTK is Mg2 +-dependent and proceeds with a slow kinetics. The 3Dâstructure of CrTK without cofactors (CrTKapo) shows that two portions of the active site are flexible and disordered while they adopt an ordered conformation in the holo-form. Oxidative treatments revealed that Mg2 +participates in the redox control of CrTK by changing its propensity to be inactivated by oxidation. Indeed, the activity of holo-form is unaffected by oxidation whereas CrTK in the apo-form or reconstituted with the sole TPP show a strong sensitivity to oxidative inactivation. Conclusion These evidences indicate that Mg2 +is fundamental to allow gradual conformational arrangements suited for optimal catalysis. Moreover, Mg2 +is involved in the control of redox sensitivity of CrTK. General significance The importance of Mg2 +in the functionality and redox sensitivity of CrTK is correlated to light-dependent fluctuations of Mg2 +in chloroplasts

Search for carbapenem-resistant bacteria and carbapenem resistance genes along swine food chains in Central Italy

The presence of carbapenem–resistant bacteria and carbapenem resistance genes (CRGs) in livestock is increasing. To evaluate the presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and the main CRGs along swine food chains of the Marche Region (Central Italy), samples of faeces, feed, and animal-food derived products were collected from seven small/medium, medium, and large-scale pig farms. A total of 191 samples were analysed using a culture-dependent method, with the aim of isolating CPE. Isolates were analysed for their resistance to carbapenems using a modified Hodge test and the microdilution method for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. Moreover, the extraction of microbial DNA from each sample was performed to directly detect selected CRGs via qPCR. Among the 164 presumptive resistant isolates, only one strain from a liver sample, identified as Aeromonas veronii, had an ertapenem MIC of 256 μg/mL and carried a carbapenemase- (cphA) and a β-lactamase- (blaOXA-12) encoding genes. A low incidence of CRGs was found; only nine and four faecal samples tested positive for blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48, respectively. Overall, the importance of monitoring CPE and CRGs in livestock and their food chains should be stressed to control all potential non-human CPE and CRGs reservoirs and to determine safety levels for human health