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Zadanie pt. Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

The Acute Role of Glucocorticoids during Exercise on Lipid Metabolism

Glucocorticoids play a key role in regulating lipid metabolism but there is debate whether they are predominantly lipolytic versus lipogenic [1]. It is necessary that we have a clear understanding of their role in the regulation of metabolism, yet little is known about their immediate response, especially in conjunction with exercise. For this study, Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary vehicle (SV), sedentary corticosterone (SC), exercise vehicle (EV), and exercise corticosterone (EC). All animals received an injection of their treatment and exercisers performed a 45-minute exercise on metabolic treadmills. SC animals had more fluctuation in their respiratory exchange ratio over time compared to SV, while there were no differences between exercisers. Lipolytic enzyme activity measures indicated that there was an enhanced lipolytic capacity in SC animals compared to EC, but not different from SV (p = 0.047). Analyses indicate that GCs may acutely induce lipolysis when sedentary, but not in an exercise state

Immune- and nonimmune-compartment-specific interferon responses are critical determinants of herpes simplex virus-induced generalized infections and acute liver failure

The interferon (IFN) response to viral pathogens is critical for host survival. In humans and mouse models, defects in IFN responses can result in lethal herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infections, usually from encephalitis. Although rare, HSV-1 can also cause fulminant hepatic failure, which is often fatal. Although herpes simplex encephalitis has been extensively studied, HSV-1 generalized infections and subsequent acute liver failure are less well understood. We previously demonstrated that IFN-αβγR-/- mice are exquisitely susceptible to liver infection following corneal infection with HSV-1. In this study, we used bone marrow chimeras of IFN-αβγR-/- (AG129) and wild-type (WT; 129SvEv) mice to probe the underlying IFN-dependent mechanisms that control HSV-1 pathogenesis. After infection, WT mice with either IFN-αβγR-/- or WT marrow exhibited comparable survival, while IFN-αβγR-/- mice with WT marrow had a significant survival advantage over their counterparts with IFN-αβγR-/- marrow. Furthermore, using bioluminescent imaging to maximize data acquisition, we showed that the transfer of IFN-competent hematopoietic cells controlled HSV-1 replication and damage in the livers of IFN-αβγR-/- mice. Consistent with this, the inability of IFN-αβγR-/- immune cells to control liver infection in IFN-αβγR-/- mice manifested as profoundly elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, indicative of severe liver damage. In contrast, IFN-αβγR-/-mice receiving WT marrow exhibited only modest elevations of AST and ALT levels. These studies indicate that IFN responsiveness of the immune system is a major determinant of viral tropism and damage during visceral HSV infections

Czasem trzeba owijać w bawełnę. Eufemizmy w materiałach dydaktycznych dla cudzoziemców

Zadanie pt. Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Corneal Replication Is an Interferon Response-Independent Bottleneck for Virulence of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 in the Absence of Virion Host Shutoff

Herpes simplex viruses lacking the virion host shutoff function (Δvhs) are avirulent and hypersensitive to type I and type II interferon (IFN). In this study, we demonstrate that even in the absence of IFN responses in AG129 (IFN-αβγR−/−) mice, Δvhs remains highly attenuated via corneal infection but is fully virulent via intracranial infection. The data demonstrate that the interferon-independent inherent replication defect of Δvhs has a significant impact upon peripheral replication and neuroinvasion

The sense of coherence and the health behavior of students medical and non-medical universities

The article presents the sense of coherence in the perspective of health behaviors of students of medical and non-medical universities. The first part introduces the concepts of the sense of coherence and health-related behaviors. The sense of coherence was explored using the Life Orientation Questionnaire (SOC-29), and health behaviors with the Health Behavior Inventory (IZZ). The group taking part in the study consisted of 216 people - 90 students of medical universities and 126 students of non-medical universities. Research results indicate that there is a relationship between the sense of coherence and health behaviors in the study population. Students of medical and non-medical universities differ statistically significantly in terms of health behaviors. In terms of the sense of coherence, the difference is close to statistical significance, which does not make it possible to present unambiguous conclusions. It was noticed that there is a difference in the declared health behaviors due to gender and that there is a relationship between the frequency of physical activity and health behaviors.The article presents the sense of coherence in the perspective of health behaviors of students of medical and non-medical universities. The first part introduces the concepts of the sense of coherence and health-related behaviors. The sense of coherence was explored using the Life Orientation Questionnaire (SOC-29), and health behaviors with the Health Behavior Inventory (IZZ). The group taking part in the study consisted of 216 people - 90 students of medical universities and 126 students of non-medical universities. Research results indicate that there is a relationship between the sense of coherence and health behaviors in the study population. Students of medical and non-medical universities differ statistically significantly in terms of health behaviors. In terms of the sense of coherence, the difference is close to statistical significance, which does not make it possible to present unambiguous conclusions. It was noticed that there is a difference in the declared health behaviors due to gender and that there is a relationship between the frequency of physical activity and health behaviors

Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas: Management of the Central Lymph Node Compartment and Emerging Biochemical Markers

Well-differentiated thyroid cancers (WDTCs) are generally indolent cancers that are associated with a low mortality. Although the incidence of these tumors is increasing, there has not been an associated increase in the mortality rates. As we gain a greater understanding and more experience with these good prognosis cancers, the way in which we treat these tumors is evolving. The definition of persistent or recurrent disease has seen a shift from being a clinical and/or radiological diagnosis to now one based on a biochemical blood marker, thyroglobulin. Central lymph node metastases are a very common problem in WDTC, being present in up to 90% of patients. The optimal surgical management of the central lymph node compartment remains a hotly debated topic. This paper identifies these controversies and presents available data surrounding these issues. Biochemical tumor markers are gaining wider use in practice and in time hopefully provide more specific information with which surgical decision-making can be based. A summary of the clinically available markers is presented

Multifunctional Ligand Approach : search for Effective Therapy Against Alzheimers Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, incurable, and complex neurodegenerative disease. Currently, an effective treatment that can slow down or stop the damage and death of neurons, which is a characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease, is lacking. Taking into account the complex nature of the disease, a multitarget design approach has been developed for the production of new potential anti-AD agents. The goal of this approach is to create a single molecule that can interact selectively with several desired molecular targets relevant to the disease. This strategy was successfully developed two decades ago and has been improved in recent years. This chapter describes the progress made in the discovery and design of selected multitargeted drugs based on molecular targets, which can be used for treating Alzheimer’s disease. The most promising among these drugs are the molecules having properties that are valuable not only in the symptomatic therapy but also in the causal treatment of the disease. The main hypotheses of Alzheimer’s disease, such as β-amyloid (Aβ), tau, and cholinergic, suggest that compounds capable of inhibiting the aggregation of neurotoxic Aβ amyloid peptide and tau protein, and improving the cholinergic neurotransmission, may possess such properties. Examples of such multifunctional molecules, which have been recently reported in the literature, are presented in this chapter