A new stepwise carbon cycle data assimilation system using multiple data streams to constrain the simulated land surface carbon cycle

Acknowledgements. This work was mainly funded by the EU FP7 CARBONES project (contracts FP7-SPACE-2009-1-242316), with also a small contribution from GEOCARBON project (ENV.2011.4.1.1-1-283080). This work used eddy covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux (U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program; DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911), AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada, and NRCan), GreenGrass, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia, USCCC. We acknowledge the financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonization provided by CarboEuropeIP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, Université Laval and Environment Canada and US Department of Energy and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley, University of Virginia. Philippe Ciais acknowledges support from the European Research Council through Synergy grant ERC-2013-SyG-610028 “IMBALANCE-P”. The authors wish to thank M. Jung for providing access to the GPP MTE data, which were downloaded from the GEOCARBON data portal (https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/geodb/projects/Data.php). The authors are also grateful to computing support and resources provided at LSCE and to the overall ORCHIDEE project that coordinate the development of the code (http://labex.ipsl.fr/orchidee/index.php/about-the-team).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Antennes multistandards pour communications mobiles

This thesis presents the design, the optimisation and the analysis of small antennas dedicated to mobile and wireless communication standards. These antennas must satisfy several criteria which are often hard to simultaneously obtain : multiband and wide band operations, omnidirectional radiation pattern, good efficiency, small size allowing their integration into a mobile handset. Different techniques are used to achieve these characteristics like the addition of shorting strips, slots, parasitic elements and distributed capacitive loads. The simultaneous implementation of these techniques has led to the design of a biband antenna (GSM/2 GHz), triband antennas (GSM/UMTS-2,3 GHz ; GSM/DCS-PCS), quadband antennas for GSM/DCS-PCS-UMTS operations and lastly a multiband antenna (GSM/DCS-PCS-UMTS/5 GHz WLAN). All structures have been designed on a reduced ground plane having a size approximately equal to that of the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) of a typical mobile phone. Parametric studies allowed to interpret the physical phenomena and to estimate the influence of the different antenna's parameters. Measurement of several antenna prototypes validated the designed and optimised structures obtained by a simulation software tool.Ce mémoire présente la conception, l'optimisation et l'analyse d'antennes miniatures, opérant dans plusieurs standards de télécommunications, destinées à des applications en communications mobiles et sans fil. Ces antennes doivent satisfaire différents critères (fonctionnement multibande et large bande, diagramme de rayonnement omnidirectionnel, bonne efficacité, encombrement minimum permettant leur intégration dans un boîtier de téléphonie mobile) qui sont souvent difficiles à mettre en œuvre de façon simultanée. Divers procédés sont utilisés pour satisfaire ces contraintes comme l'ajout de courts-circuits de type languettes, l'insertion de fentes à la surface du résonateur, la juxtaposition de résonateurs parasites ou encore l'utilisation de chargements capacitifs. La mise en oeuvre simultanée de ces principes a conduit à l'élaboration d'une antenne bi-bande (GSM/2 GHz), de structures tri-bandes (GSM/UMTS-2,3 GHz ; GSM/DCS-PCS), d'antennes quadribandes pour la couverture des standards GSM/DCS-PCS-UMTS et enfin d'un élément rayonnant multibande (GSM/DCS-PCS-UMTS/5 GHz WLAN). Toutes ces antennes ont été conçues sur plan de masse réduit de type PCB (Printed Circuit Board) pour être facilement intégrables dans un boîtier portable. Des études paramétriques ont permis l'interprétation des phénomènes physiques mis en jeu, ainsi que l'appréciation de l'influence des différents paramètres des antennes. Plusieurs réalisations ont validé les structures issues des résultats de simulation

Antennes multistandards pour communications mobiles

Ce mémoire présente la conception, l'optimisation et l'analyse d'antennes miniatures, opérant dans plusieurs standards de télécommunications, destinées à des applications en communications mobiles et sans fil. Ces antennes doivent satisfaire différents critères (fonctionnement multibande et large bande, diagramme de rayonnement omnidirectionnel, bonne efficacité, encombrement minimum permettant leur intégration dans un boîtier de téléphonie mobile) qui sont souvent difficiles à mettre en oeuvre de façon simultanée. Divers procédés sont utilisés pour satisfaire ces contraintes comme l'ajout de courts-circuits de type languettes, l'insertion de fentes à la surface du résonateur, la juxtaposition de résonateurs parasites ou encore l'utilisation de chargements capacitifs. La mise en oeuvre simultanée de ces principes a conduit à l'élaboration d'une antenne bi-bande (GSM/2 GHz), de structures tri-bandes (GSM/UMTS-2,3 GHz ; GSM/DCS-PCS), d'antennes quadribandes pour la couverture des standards GSM/DCS-PCS-UMTS et enfin d'un élément rayonnant multibande (GSM/DCS-PCS-UMTS/5 GHz WLAN). Toutes ces antennes ont été conçues sur plan de masse réduit de type PCB (Printed Circuit Board) pour être facilement intégrables dans un boîtier portable. Des études paramétriques ont permis l'interprétation des phénomènes physiques mis en jeu, ainsi que l'appréciation de l'influence des différents paramètres des antennes. Plusieurs réalisations ont validé les structures issues des résultats de simulation.This thesis presents the design, the optimisation and the analysis of small antennas dedicated to mobile and wireless communication standards. These antennas must satisfy several criteria which are often hard to simultaneously obtain : multiband and wide band operations, omnidirectional radiation pattern, good efficiency, small size allowing their integration into a mobile handset. Different techniques are used to achieve these characteristics like the addition of shorting strips, slots, parasitic elements and distributed capacitive loads. The simultaneous implementation of these techniques has led to the design of a biband antenna (GSM/2 GHz), triband antennas (GSM/UMTS-2,3 GHz ; GSM/DCS-PCS), quadband antennas for GSM/DCS-PCS-UMTS operations and lastly a multiband antenna (GSM/DCS-PCS-UMTS/5 GHz WLAN). All structures have been designed on a reduced ground plane having a size approximately equal to that of the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) of a typical mobile phone. Parametric studies allowed to interpret the physical phenomena and to estimate the influence of the different antenna's parameters. Measurement of several antenna prototypes validated the designed and optimised structures obtained by a simulation software tool.NICE-BU Sciences (060882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Built-in Multiband Antennas for Mobile Phone and WLAN Standards

International audienceTwo novel miniature multiband antennas suitable for mobile phone and WLAN applications have been presented in this paper. The first antenna achieves low return loss and good efficiency in the GSM and the DCS/PCS/UMTS bands while the second structure covers the 5 GHz WLAN bands in addition with same performance

Design of an Internal Quad-Band Antenna for Mobile Phones

International audienceThis letter presents the design of a compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) suitable for cellular telephone applications. The quarter-wavelength antenna combines the use of a slot, shorted parasitic patches and capacitive loads to achieve multiband operation. The commercial electromagnetic software IE3D is used to design and optimize the structure. The resulting antenna can operate from 880 to 960 MHz and 1710 to 2170 MHz covering GSM, DCS, PCS, and UMTS standards with a VSWR better than 2.5. Good agreement is found between simulated and measured results

Antenne miniature quadribande GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS

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Antenne miniature quadribande GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS

National audienc

Internal Multiband Antennas for Mobile Phone and WLAN Standards

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