Impacts des mammifères allochtones sur quelques espèces autochtones de l'îlet Fajou (réserve naturelle du Grand Cul-de-sac Marin, Guadeloupe), établis à l'issue d'une tentative d'éradication

In March 2001, simultaneously by trapping and chemical baits an attempt was done to eradicate the Javanese Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), the Ship Rat (Rattus rattus) and the House Mouse (Mus domesticus) from Fajou Island (104 ha of mangrove on peat, 11 ha of dry vegetation on sandy soil), part of a natural reserve managed by the Guadeloupe National Park (French West Indies). A control in December 2001 and January 2002 revealed the failure of the Ship Rat eradication. A second eradication operation was undertaken in March 2002 in order to test hypotheses explaining this failure and put right some technical defects. Its result will not be available before 2003. However it allowed to conclude to the success of the Mongoose eradication by trapping alone but the potential success of the House Mouse eradication by trapping and poisoning in March 2001 could not yet be properly evaluated. The spatial distribution of trapping specimens of the target species showed that statistically they concentrate on the dry part of the island. The Mongoose eradication and the sharp decline of the Ship Rat population induced the disappearance of the destruction of Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nests and the colonization of the dry part of the island by the Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris), strictly located in the mangrove before. The abundance indices of the Clapper Rail and the terrestrial crab Cardisoma guanhumi increased. To be tested, the eventual relationships between these increases and the drop of the alien mammal populations require more data. Such operations combining research and management have to be planned in the long term with good logistical, technical and qualified human supports. All these conditions were gathered here because of the protected area status of the Fajou IslandL'éradication simultanée de la Petite Mangouste indienne (Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus), du Rat noir (Rattus rattus) et de la Souris domestique (Mus musculus) a été tentée en mars 2001 sur l'îlet Fajou (104 ha de mangrove sur tourbe, 11 ha de formation végétale xérophile sur sol sableux), partie d'une réserve naturelle gérée par le Parc National de la Guadeloupe (Antilles françaises). Elle a fait appel à l'utilisation successive du piégeage et de la lutte chimique. Un contrôle réalisé en décembre 2001 et janvier 2002 a démontré l'échec de l'éradication du Rat noir. Une seconde opération d'éradication a été conduite en mars 2002. Elle a permis de tester diverses hypothèses destinées à expliquer l'échec de l'élimination du Rat noir lors de la première tentative et de pallier certaines imperfections techniques. Le résultat de cette seconde tentative devra être établi en 2003. Elle a permis de conclure au succès de la tentative d'éradication de la Mangouste parle seul piégeage. L'éventuel succès de l'élimination de la Souris domestique par l'action cumulée du piégeage et de la lutte chimique dès mars 2001, ne sera contrôlé qu'en 2003. L'analyse de la répartition spatiale des captures des espèces-cibles a permis de démontrer qu'elles fréquentaient préférentiellement la partie de l'île couverte de végétation xérophile. L'élimination de la Mangouste et la forte réduction de l'effectif du Rat noir sont directement corrélées à la totale cessation des destructions de nids de la Tortue imbriquée (Eretmochelys imbricata) et à une apparente colonisation de la partie sèche de l'île par le Râle gris (Rallus longirostris), cantonné auparavant à la seule mangrov

Nanobacteria Are Mineralo Fetuin Complexes

“Nanobacteria” are nanometer-scale spherical and ovoid particles which have spurred one of the biggest controversies in modern microbiology. Their biological nature has been severely challenged by both geologists and microbiologists, with opinions ranging from considering them crystal structures to new life forms. Although the nature of these autonomously replicating particles is still under debate, their role in several calcification-related diseases has been reported. In order to gain better insights on this calciferous agent, we performed a large-scale project, including the analysis of “nanobacteria” susceptibility to physical and chemical compounds as well as the comprehensive nucleotide, biochemical, proteomic, and antigenic analysis of these particles. Our results definitively ruled out the existence of “nanobacteria” as living organisms and pointed out the paradoxical role of fetuin (an anti-mineralization protein) in the formation of these self-propagating mineral complexes which we propose to call “nanons.” The presence of fetuin within renal calculi was also evidenced, suggesting its role as a hydroxyapatite nucleating factor

An Involuntary and Unexpected Treatment of Nutcracker Esophagus

International audienceA 76-year-old woman complained of painful dysphagia and loss of weight. Esophagoscopy results were negative, whereas computed tomography (CT) disclosed a 25-mm mediastinal tumor without a connection to the esophagus. A diagnosis of nutcracker esophagus was made on high-resolution esophageal manometry. Peroral endoscopic esophageal myotomy failed to improve the symptoms. Right video thoracoscopy allowed resection of the tumor, which looked like a neurogenic tumor of the posterior mediastinum that developed from the right vagus nerve. The patient's dysphagia dramatically improved postoperatively. Because the pathologic examination disclosed a benign solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura, we hypothesize that the motility disorder would have been resolved by the unilateral vagotomy. (C) 2017 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeon

Agricultural landscapes and the Loire River influence the genetic structure of the marbled newt in Western France

Amphibians are particularly sensitive to landscape fragmentation. Potential barriers between breeding sites can negatively infuence the dispersal of individuals and increase genetic structure between populations. In this study, we genotyped 10 microsatellites for 334 marbled newts (Triturus marmoratus) at 11 diferent locations in Western France. Samples were collected in diferent regions with contrasting agricultural landscapes (low and high proportion of arable land in the north and south, respectively). We found a strong genetic structure between the northern and southern sampling sites. Isolation by distance was recorded after 62km, but within the northern region, little or no genetic structure was detected over large distances (up to 114km). Genetic structure at shorter distance (43km) was found between sites situated in landscapes with larger amounts of arable lands. A signifcant positive relationship was found between the pairwise genetic distance (Fst) between sites and the amount of arable land together with the distance between sites. Our results suggest that the Loire River might act as a corridor for the marbled newt, while arable land might act as a barrier. Finally, although a large city is located between sampling sites, no efect was detected on population structure

Agricultural landscapes and the Loire River influence the genetic structure of the marbled newt in Western France

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Amphibians are particularly sensitive to landscape fragmentation. Potential barriers between breeding sites can negatively infuence the dispersal of individuals and increase genetic structure between populations. In this study, we genotyped 10 microsatellites for 334 marbled newts (Triturus marmoratus) at 11 diferent locations in Western France. Samples were collected in diferent regions with contrasting agricultural landscapes (low and high proportion of arable land in the north and south, respectively). We found a strong genetic structure between the northern and southern sampling sites. Isolation by distance was recorded after 62km, but within the northern region, little or no genetic structure was detected over large distances (up to 114km). Genetic structure at shorter distance (43km) was found between sites situated in landscapes with larger amounts of arable lands. A signifcant positive relationship was found between the pairwise genetic distance (Fst) between sites and the amount of arable land together with the distance between sites. Our results suggest that the Loire River might act as a corridor for the marbled newt, while arable land might act as a barrier. Finally, although a large city is located between sampling sites, no efect was detected on population structure.publishedVersio

Diversité des pratiques et rôle de l’ergonome dans l’intervention

Ce numéro 15-2 de la revue Activités comprend trois articles qui permettent de poursuive la réflexion engagée dans le numéro précédent sur le thème de la simulation. Vous pourrez également prendre connaissance du dossier “Diversités des pratiques et rôle de l'ergonome dans l'intervention” issu du 51e Congrès de la SELF et, pour finir, lire un résumé de thèse. Nous vous souhaitons une bonne lecture

Prognostic Impact of pT3 Subclassification in a Multicentre Cohort of Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvicalyceal System Undergoing Radical Nephroureterectomy: A Propensity Score-weighted Analysis After Central Pathology Review

International audienceBackgroundThe current pathological tumour-node-metastasis (pTNM) classification for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) does not include any risk stratification of pT3 renal pelvicalyceal tumours.ObjectiveTo assess the prognostic impact of pT3 subclassification in a multicentre cohort of patients with UTUC of the renal pelvicalyceal system undergoing radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).Design, setting, and participantsData from all consecutive patients treated with RNU for pT3 renal pelvicalyceal UTUC at 14 French centres from 1995 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively.InterventionA central pathology review (CPR) was used to stratify pT3 patients into those with infiltration of the renal parenchyma on a microscopic level (pT3a) versus those with infiltration of the renal parenchyma visible on gross inspection of the resection specimen and/or invasion of peripelvic fat (pT3b).Outcome measurements and statistical analysisInverse probability weighting (IPW)-adjusted Cox regression analyses were used to compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) between pT3a and pT3b patients.Results and limitationsOverall, 202 patients were included and further stratified into pT3a (n = 98; 48.5%) and pT3b (n = 104; 51.5%) subgroups. Median time to follow-up in the weighted population was 68 (interquartile range, 50–95) mo. In IPW-adjusted Cox regression analyses, pT3b versus pT3a substage was associated with a significant adverse effect on RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.36–3.01]; p < 0.001) and CSS (HR = 1.84; 95% CI = [1.20–2.82]; p = 0.005). The study is limited by its retrospective design.ConclusionsUsing IPW-adjusted analyses after the CPR, we observed that RNU patients with pT3b renal pelvicalyceal UTUC had adverse prognosis as compared with those with pT3a disease. As such, this subclassification could help refine the current pTNM system for UTUC

Pru p 7 sensitization is a predominant cause of severe, cypress pollen‐associated peach allergy

International audienceBACKGROUND:Peach is a common elicitor of food allergic reactions. Peach-induced immediate reactions may occur as benign pollen-food syndromes, usually due to birch pollen-related PR-10 cross-reactivity in temperate climates, and as potentially severe primary food allergies, predominantly related to nsLTP Pru p 3 in Mediterranean regions. The newly described peach allergen Pru p 7 has gained recent attention as a potential peach allergy severity marker. Sensitization to Pru p 7 and its allergenic homologues of the gibberellin-regulated protein family occurs in areas with high Cupressaceae tree pollen exposure.OBJECTIVE:We sought to investigate the distribution, clinical characteristics and molecular associations of Pru p 7 sensitization among subjects with suspected peach allergy in different regions of France.METHODS:Subjects with suspected peach allergy (n = 316) were included. Diagnostic work-up was performed according to current guidelines, including open food challenge when required. IgE antibody measurements and competition experiments were performed using the ImmunoCAP assay platform.RESULTS:Sensitization to Pru p 7 was present in 171 (54%) of all subjects in the study and in 123 of 198 (62%) diagnosed as peach allergic, more than half of whom were sensitized to no other peach allergen. Frequency and magnitude of Pru p 7 sensitization were associated with the presence of peach allergy, the clinical severity of peach-induced allergic reactions and the level of cypress pollen exposure. Cypress pollen extract completely outcompeted IgE binding to Pru p 7. Pru p 7 was extremely potent in basophil activation tests.CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:A subtype of Cupressaceae pollinosis, characterized by Pru p 7 sensitization, can be an underlying cause of severe peach allergy