Euclid: Modelling massive neutrinos in cosmology -- a code comparison

The measurement of the absolute neutrino mass scale from cosmological large-scale clustering data is one of the key science goals of the Euclid mission. Such a measurement relies on precise modelling of the impact of neutrinos on structure formation, which can be studied with $N$-body simulations. Here we present the results from a major code comparison effort to establish the maturity and reliability of numerical methods for treating massive neutrinos. The comparison includes eleven full $N$-body implementations (not all of them independent), two $N$-body schemes with approximate time integration, and four additional codes that directly predict or emulate the matter power spectrum. Using a common set of initial data we quantify the relative agreement on the nonlinear power spectrum of cold dark matter and baryons and, for the $N$-body codes, also the relative agreement on the bispectrum, halo mass function, and halo bias. We find that the different numerical implementations produce fully consistent results. We can therefore be confident that we can model the impact of massive neutrinos at the sub-percent level in the most common summary statistics. We also provide a code validation pipeline for future reference.Comment: 43 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables; published on behalf of the Euclid Consortium; data available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.729797

Beitrag zur ganzheitlichen Sicherheitsforschung wasserstoffbasierter Technologien

Mit der fortschreitenden Entwicklung wasserstoffbasierter Energiesysteme geht die Notwendigkeit einher, die neuen Technologiekonzepte hinsichtlich deren Sicherheit zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Ziel des vorliegenden Papers ist daher zunächst die Beschreibung des aktuellen Standes zur Sicherheitsforschung für wasserstoffbasierte Energiesysteme. Die durchgeführte Literaturauswertung erfolgte mit den Schwerpunkten Analyseziele, Anwendungsbereiche und angewendete Methoden. Durch Unterschiede hinsichtlich dieser Schwerpunkte in der herangezogenen Literatur ist die Vergleichbarkeit und Verknüpfung der Ergebnisse erschwert. Zusätzlich liefern die ausgewerteten Studien gegensätzliche Schlussfolgerungen zur Bewertung der Sicherheit von wasserstoffbasierten Systemen. Eine beispielhafte Gegenüberstellung der Analyse eines Einzelsystems zu der Analyse eines Gesamtsystems verdeutlich darüber hinaus die Notwendigkeit für ganzheitliche Analysen in der Wertschöpfungskette von Wasserstoff. Ein einheitliches Fazit zur Sicherheit wasserstoffbasierter Energiesysteme ist anhand der ausgewerteten Studien aufgrund der großen Unsicherheiten und der Widersprüchlichkeiten in den Ergebnissen der Analysen aktuell nicht möglich. Hierfür sind weiterführende Arbeiten erforderlich.The progressive development of hydrogen-based energy systems is accompanied by the need to analyse and evaluate new technology concepts in terms of their safety. Therefore, the aim of this paper is therefore to describe the current state of the safety research for hydrogen-based energy systems. The literature analysis was carried out with a focus on analysis goals, areas of application and applied methods. Differences with regard to these focuses in the cited literature make it difficult to compare and link the results. In addition, the evaluated studies provide contradictory conclusions for the evaluation of the safety of hydrogen-based systems. In an exemplary comparison of the analysis of an individual system with the analysis of an overall system, the need for holistic analyses in the hydrogen value chain is further illustrated. A consistent conclusion on the safety of hydrogen-based energy systems is currently not possible on the basis of the analysed studies due to the large uncertainties and the contradictions in the results of the analyses. Consequently, further work is required. A consistent conclusion on the safety of hydrogen-based energy systems is currently not possible on the basis of the analysed studies due to the large uncertainties and the contradictions in the results of the analyses. Consequently, further work is required

Beitrag zur ganzheitlichen Sicherheitsforschung wasserstoffbasierter Technologien

Mit der fortschreitenden Entwicklung wasserstoffbasierter Energiesysteme geht die Notwendigkeit einher, die neuen Technologiekonzepte hinsichtlich deren Sicherheit zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Ziel des vorliegenden Papers ist daher zunächst die Beschreibung des aktuellen Standes zur Sicherheitsforschung für wasserstoffbasierte Energiesysteme. Die durchgeführte Literaturauswertung erfolgte mit den Schwerpunkten Analyseziele, Anwendungsbereiche und angewendete Methoden. Durch Unterschiede hinsichtlich dieser Schwerpunkte in der herangezogenen Literatur ist die Vergleichbarkeit und Verknüpfung der Ergebnisse erschwert. Zusätzlich liefern die ausgewerteten Studien gegensätzliche Schlussfolgerungen zur Bewertung der Sicherheit von wasserstoffbasierten Systemen. Eine beispielhafte Gegenüberstellung der Analyse eines Einzelsystems zu der Analyse eines Gesamtsystems verdeutlich darüber hinaus die Notwendigkeit für ganzheitliche Analysen in der Wertschöpfungskette von Wasserstoff. Ein einheitliches Fazit zur Sicherheit wasserstoffbasierter Energiesysteme ist anhand der ausgewerteten Studien aufgrund der großen Unsicherheiten und der Widersprüchlichkeiten in den Ergebnissen der Analysen aktuell nicht möglich. Hierfür sind weiterführende Arbeiten erforderlich.The progressive development of hydrogen-based energy systems is accompanied by the need to analyse and evaluate new technology concepts in terms of their safety. Therefore, the aim of this paper is therefore to describe the current state of the safety research for hydrogen-based energy systems. The literature analysis was carried out with a focus on analysis goals, areas of application and applied methods. Differences with regard to these focuses in the cited literature make it difficult to compare and link the results. In addition, the evaluated studies provide contradictory conclusions for the evaluation of the safety of hydrogen-based systems. In an exemplary comparison of the analysis of an individual system with the analysis of an overall system, the need for holistic analyses in the hydrogen value chain is further illustrated. A consistent conclusion on the safety of hydrogen-based energy systems is currently not possible on the basis of the analysed studies due to the large uncertainties and the contradictions in the results of the analyses. Consequently, further work is required. A consistent conclusion on the safety of hydrogen-based energy systems is currently not possible on the basis of the analysed studies due to the large uncertainties and the contradictions in the results of the analyses. Consequently, further work is required

Karlsruhe generic agile ground station

The Karlsruhe Generic Agile Ground Station is an adaptable prototype system for managing sensors and mobile sensor platforms. The main task of the ground station is to work as an ergonomic user interface and a data integration hub between multiple sensors mounted on light UAVs and UGVs (unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles), stationary platforms, ad hoc networked sensors, and a superordinated control centre. It consists of two operator workstations with three monitors (one is used by both operators). The workstations feature ergonomic software for supporting operators' tasks: One Operator is responsible for mission planning, and vehicle control. The other operator receives data streams from sensors and is responsible for sensor data interpretation, data fusion, coordination with control centre, report generation, and archiving. The ground station is realized as a modular framework allowing for adaptation to different operational needs. The underlying software architecture has a generic connector for interfacing it with different data sources. The prototype features an architectural framework with a BPMN (business process modelling notation) based representation of the mission. The framework can be used to specify new ground stations using the modular framework and to make simulations about the performance of new systems in different situations