Plant Phenology in Central Minnesota

Phenological data in this study were collected between 1949 and 1980. Data were recorded on field trips with classes or while doing vegetation research in various plant communities, or from herbarium speciments or from dated slides. With some exceptions, which are noted, the records are mostly from central Minnesota. All records, for each species, include date, phenophase and location. The records have been obtained from several hundred locations. Some locations may have been visited only once. Some like the Cold Spring Heron Colony, the Waubun Prairie, the Partch Woods and others used for class field trips, or special research, were visited many times for many years

(Die) Bereitung einer Ausgabe von Schiller's "Die Zerstörung von Troja"

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1915. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

2-Oxaadamantane-1-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium Iodide: Synthesis and Potential for Muscarinic Activity

The synthesis of the title compound from adamantanone is described. The series of steps include ring expansion and hydrolysis to endo-7-hydroxy-exo-3-bicyclo(3.3.1)nonane carboxylic acid, followed by oxidative ring closure using lead tetraacetate. The final, substituted oxaadamantane incorporates the key functional group elements known to be necessary for useful muscarinic activity into a molecular geometry not present in acetylcholine agonists or antagonists previously prepared

Signal transduction mechanisms of cryptochrome

Photolyase and cryptochrome flavoproteins help living organisms manage the deleterious and beneficial effects of sunlight. Photolyase maintains genome integrity by reversing UV-induced DNA damage with near-UV/blue-light, and cryptochromes act as bluelight photosensory receptors to regulate growth in plants and entrainment of circadian rhythms in both plants and animals. Although photolyase and cryptochrome are highly structurally homologous and the photocycle of photolyase is known in great detail, we do not currently understand how cryptochromes signal in response to light. It is hypothesized that cryptochrome, like photolyase, employs light-driven electron transfer to initiate signaling, although the photocycle and other downstream signaling events remain to be described in detail. The studies described here were designed to take advantage of differences and similarities in the known functions of photolyases and cryptochromes in order to characterize the signaling mechanisms of cryptochromes. An examination of the structural and biochemical properties of plant and animal cryptochromes demonstrates that although they evolved independently from functionally distinct photolyase progenitors, they possess several unexpected similarities, demonstrating convergence in the evolution of cryptochromes. The implications of these results for the cryptochrome photocycle are discussed. Metazoan cryptochromes additionally have a critical, light-independent function in the molecular clock that engenders circadian rhythms. Other studies have shown that iv cryptochromes act as transcriptional repressors in the major transcription/translation feedback loop of the clock. I studied the interaction of mammalian cryptochromes with protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) and show that inhibition of PP5 by cryptochrome modulates the activity of the major clock kinase, casein kinase I epsilon. PP5 is required for proper cycling of the clock; therefore, these data provide the first demonstration of the role of a phosphatase in the mammalian circadian clock. Furthermore, they suggest that cryptochromes regulate the molecular clock by both transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms

The Nixon shocks : implications for Japan\u27s foreign policy in the 1970\u27s

This thesis examines the implications that the Nixon “shocks” may have on Japan’s foreign policy. The data used consisted of books, articles, periodicals, government publications and newspapers. Examined were such important factors as: the attitudes of the political parties in Japan on foreign policy questions, the rapid rise of the Japanese economy and the implications this has had on Japan\u27s relations with other countries, and the question of Japan\u27s possible remilitarization, both in conventional and nuclear terms. In addition, Japan\u27s relations with the other three Great Powers in Asia, (China, the Soviet Union and the United States), are also studied. From about 1945 until the close of the 1960\u27s, Japan\u27s foreign policy had been based on a close relationship with the United States. From about the end of 1970 to the end of 1971, Japan was stung by a series of “shocks” in the course of American foreign policy. These included tile sudden and last minute announcement of Nixon\u27s visit to China, severe economic measures, the imposition of\u27 textile quotas, and the failure of Japan\u27s co-sponsoring of the United Nations motion allowing Taiwan to keep its membership. The period of 1969 to 1972 is critical to the future alignment of Japan’s foreign policy. One conclusion from this re-alignment is that it is now clear that Japan will no longer serve as the American junior partner in Asia. Japan now shows a new independent attitude in its relations with other countries, quite apart from American desire. Also in 1972 following the Nixon “shocks,” both China and the Soviet Union competed against the other to draw Japan away from its American alliance. It is the shift in Japan\u27s foreign policy that this thesis is concerned with

Psychological and Linguistic Processes in Treatment Related Text Messages

Treatment providers seek low-cost, high-impact means of engaging clients in care with the aim to enhance treatment delivery and outcomes. With improvements to mobile technology making cell phone accessibility and usage rates high across all socio-economic levels, text messaging is becoming more frequently utilized as a means of promoting provider-client communication. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of text message interventions in healthcare; touting a wide variety of achievements including increased treatment session attendance, improved medication compliance, enhanced client satisfaction, decreased symptomology, reduced substance use, and a reduction in rates of recidivism. While text messaging is being utilized as an intervention by a growing number of healthcare providers, the literature is lacking related to the linguistic composition of text messages used in treatment. To extend this knowledge base, text message communications utilized in the treatment of mental health and substance use disorders were collected from previously published research and added to a corpus for analysis. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software was utilized to explore writer communication style and use of terminology thought to enhance client engagement. Results demonstrated statistical significance when compared to national blog norms derived from Twitter. Text messages for both mental health and substance use disorder treatment had high levels of Clout, demonstrating the text writer’s confidence and expertise. However, Authenticity, which indicates communication that is both honest and personal, was found to be low in all messages. The Emotional Tone of mental health text messages was positive, while substance use disorder messaging demonstrated a neutral tone. Both sets of text messages had a higher rate of Biological terms used than expected while Informal terminology was used at a much lesser rate than national norms. Substance use disorder text messages demonstrated more frequent use of leisure terms, nearly three times the national norm

Dynamics at the serine loop underlie differential affinity of cryptochromes for CLOCK:BMAL1 to control circadian timing.

Mammalian circadian rhythms are generated by a transcription-based feedback loop in which CLOCK:BMAL1 drives transcription of its repressors (PER1/2, CRY1/2), which ultimately interact with CLOCK:BMAL1 to close the feedback loop with ~24 hr periodicity. Here we pinpoint a key difference between CRY1 and CRY2 that underlies their differential strengths as transcriptional repressors. Both cryptochromes bind the BMAL1 transactivation domain similarly to sequester it from coactivators and repress CLOCK:BMAL1 activity. However, we find that CRY1 is recruited with much higher affinity to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1, allowing it to serve as a stronger repressor that lengthens circadian period. We discovered a dynamic serine-rich loop adjacent to the secondary pocket in the photolyase homology region (PHR) domain that regulates differential binding of cryptochromes to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1. Notably, binding of the co-repressor PER2 remodels the serine loop of CRY2, making it more CRY1-like and enhancing its affinity for CLOCK:BMAL1

Evaluation Capacity Building in Pretrial Diversion Services: A Case Study

Despite increasing use of adult pretrial diversion programs in recent years, the limited capacity to produce, analyze, and translate evaluation data in pretrial diversion programs has frequently resulted in policy and programmatic decisions being made on the basis of little or no empirical information. This paper presents a case study of the development of an evaluation system for the Alaska Pretrial Intervention (PTI) program of the Alaska Department of Law which can generate timely results for policymaking as well as monitor staff productivity.Alaska Department of LawIntroduction / Alaska Pretrial Program / Development of an Evaluation Effort / Conclusions / Note / Bibliography / Map of PTI program location