Youth social policy in the Russian Federation

Modern look of youth social policy in the Russian Federation began to take shape in the 90s, when, due to socio-political and administrative reorganization of the society, the state recognized the need to support young people. Youth is one of the most vulnerable social groups. In this article, it is described on methods and systems analysis techniques, summarizing the results accomplished. The key aspects of youth social policy at the federal and regional levels are also presented. It is proved that the youth is now at risk requiring care of the state. Despite more than 20 years of history of formation, youth social policy is just beginning to take shape and to go beyond the boundaries of the federal legislation. The targeted youth programs of social policy are certainly significant, but require not only testing, but also the introduction by the state of the Russian Federation.peer-reviewe

Interrupted Didactic Game and Its Impact at Memorization and Motivation in Learning English Language

Исследуется проблема создания с помощью эффекта Зейгарник условий продуктивного дискомфорта при проведении дидактических игр на занятиях английского языка для детей от 6,5 до 12 лет в системе дополнительного образования. Доказывается, что применение прерванных дидактических игр во время изучения английского языка является эффективным, поскольку создаются условия продуктивного дискомфорта, в которых разный начальный уровень знаний обучающихся становится более однородным.The problem of creating conditions of productive discomfort by means of Zeigarnik effect during didactic games in English classes for children from 6,5 to 12 years in the system of additional education is investigated. It is proved that the use of interrupted didactic games during the study of English is effective, because the conditions of productive discomfort are created, in which different initial level of students’ knowledge becomes more uniform. It is noted that the exercises, which developed by the author, provide good vocabulary memorization and create children’s high motivation in learning English

Pharmacological Correction of Hypoxic Conditions by Complexes of Zinc with N-Alkenylimidazoles

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The discovery and development of effective antihypoxic drugs is an important issue in modern experimental and clinical pharmacology. Complexes of zinc containing imidazole cycles as ligands are promising candidates for the design of novel drugs, including pharmacotherapeutic tools for patient’s protection under conditions of oxygen deficiency. Herein, we report antihypoxic activity of zinc complexes with N-alkenylimidazoles, and, specifically, a novel drug Acyzol, which can be used as efficient antidote after poisoning by carbon monoxide and other combustion products

Dynamics of vegetative, insomnia and neuropsychological manifestations during the treatment of post-COVID syndrome

Introduction. Asthenia, vegetative manifestations, sleep disturbances and psycho-emotional background are companions of the coronavirus infection, the issue of drug correction of which is especially relevant. These symptoms disrupt the habitual way of life of patients for a long time, and in special cases lead to disability.Aim. To study the mental, somatoform and cognitive aspects of anxiety disorders after coronavirus infection during treatment with tofisopam (Grandaxin®) 150 mg/day.Materials and methods. The study included patients who had experienced a new coronavirus infection, who, after the end of treatment for the underlying disease, had complaints suggesting the presence of an anxiety disorder. The Hamilton scale was used to assess the level of anxiety. Examination of patients was carried out before the start of treatment, after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of therapy.Results and discussion. Prior to the start of therapy, all patients had an overall high level of anxiety: the average HAM-A score was 31.4 ± 2.92 points. At the end of Grandaxin® therapy, all patients showed a decrease in the level of anxiety: the average HAM-A score was 12.08 ± 2.27 points (p < 0.001). The maximum decrease in the severity of vegetative disorders was noted by the end of the 6th week of therapy with Grandaxin®. Thus, the indicator of this subscale decreased by more than 2 times – from 2.46 ± 0.54 to 1.05 ± 0.28 points (p < 0.001). The severity of insomnia during six weeks of therapy with Grandaxin® decreased from 2.56 ± 0.54 to 0.96 ± 0.45 points (p < 0.001).Conclusion. Psycho-emotional disorders (more often in the form of increased personal anxiety), sleep disorders, vegetative disorders, asthenic syndrome significantly affect the quality of life of patients who have had a new coronavirus infection. Involvement of the structures of the autonomic nervous system and central structures that regulate GABAergic transmission leads to significant vegetative failures, which requires pathogenetically substantiated drug correction of these disorders

Изотопно-геохимические особенности карбонатов и термальных вод месторождения Кындыг (Республика Абхазия)

Subject. The aim of the work is to study the mechanism and sources of water formation, as well as the peculiarities of carbonate mineralization in the aquifer of the Kyndyg thermal water deposit. Materials and methods. The samples of water (8) and deposited carbonates (15), collected at different seasons at three sites, characterized by different temperatures and dis-tances from the source, were investigated. pH, Eh, and electrical conductivity were determined by an electrochemical me-thod. For the determination of HCO3–, Cl– 2–, SO4, titrimetric, mercurymetric and turbidimetric methods were used. Trace element composition was determined by ICP-MS (NexION 300S); strontium isotopic composition – by MC-ICP-MS (Nep-tune Plus) using the bracketing technique after Sr chromatographic separation. Results. The chloride-calcium hydroche-mical type prevails in the studied waters. A number of trace elements in water exceeds the clarke concentrations for ground-water in the supergene zone of mountain landscapes.87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios (0.7065–0.7072) in thermal waters suggest that their composition is determined rather by the isotopic characteristics of the rocks through which water drains than by the influence of sea water. Among the newly formed carbonates, aragonite prevails. In contrast to thermal water, the concentrations of most metals in carbonates are below the clarke values; only Sr and Se are increased, which content is significantly increased in water as well. Deposited carbonates are characterized by87Sr/86Sr values (0.7028–0.7074), which are lower than in the source thermal waters. Conclusions. On the basis of hydrogeological, hydrochemical and geochemical data, it can be assumed that the waters of this aquifer complex are formed mainly due to fresh fractured karst waters of lower Cre-taceous limestones with submerged monocline dipping into the zone of slow circulation and mixing with sedimentogenic sodium chloride waters. The geochemical data and the presence of scandium anomaly suggest that the underlying Jurassic volcanogenic rocks also participate in water exchange. © 2020, AN Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry. All rights reserved.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the scientific project 19-55-40005 Abh_a “Genetic types of karstogenesis of the Abkhazian coastal carbonate massifs”. The analysis of microelement and Sr isotopic composition of thermal waters and deposited salts was carried out in the UB RAS Geoanalytic Center for Collective Use and supported by АААА-А18-118053090045-8 topic of IGG UB RAS State Assignment

Взаимосвязь некоторых параметров мукозального иммунитета полости рта с уровнем витамина D у пациентов с множественным кариесом

Aim. To determine the saliva level of immunoregulatory proteins in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and evaluate the association of their concentration with 25(OH)D plasma level.Materials and methods. The study was performed in two groups. The experimental group included 15 patients aged 20–22 years with rampant caries and the 25(OH)D plasma level of < 20 ng / ml. The control group encompassed 15 healthy age-matched volunteers with the 25(OH)D plasma level of 20–100 ng / ml. The concentrations of B7.2 (CD86), free active TGF-β1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, IGFBP-4, and ICAM-1 were assessed using flow cytometry. The levels of LL-37 and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were measured using ELISA. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to reveal a correlation between the indicated proteins and the 25(OH)D plasma level.Results. A decrease in B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevation of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 saliva levels were detected in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. A positive Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was revealed between plasma 25(OH)D and saliva levels of free active TGF-β1, CTLA4, B7.2 (CD86), LL-37, and sIgA. A negative correlation was revealed between 25(OH)Dand ICAM-1.Conclusion. 25(OH)D deficiency in patients with rampant caries is associated with decreased levels of B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevated levels of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 in the saliva. Цель – оценить содержание иммунорегуляторных молекул в слюне у лиц с множественным кариесом и дефицитом 25(OH)D3 и определить взаимосвязи их величин с концентрацией 25(OH)D3 в крови.Материалы и методы. Обследованы две группы лиц в возрасте 20–22 лет. В одну включены 15 человек с кариесом и уровнем 25(OH)D3 менее 20 нг/мл, в другую (контрольную) – 15 здоровых человек с содержанием 25(OH)D3 30–100 нг/мл. В ротовой жидкости определены концентрации растворимых форм молекул B7.2 (CD86), Free Active TGF-b1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, IGFBP-4, ICAM-1 методом проточной цитофлуометрии, количество кателицидина LL-37, секреторного иммуноглобулина A (IgA) методом иммуноферментного анализа. Между определяемыми показателями рассчитан критерий корреляции Спирмена.Результаты. У лиц с кариесом и дефицитом витамина D выявлено снижение значений Free Active TGF-b1, B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, кателицидина LL-37 и повышение уровня IGFBP-4 и ICAM-1 в слюне. Обнаружено наличие прямых корреляционных связей между количеством 25(OH)D3 в крови, с одной стороны, и значениями Free Active TGF-b1, CTLA-4, В7.2 (CD86), секреторного IgA, пептида LL-37 – с другой. Зафиксирована отрицательная взаимосвязь между величинами 25(OH)D3 и ICAM-1.Заключение. На фоне дефицита витамина D при множественном кариесе в ротовой жидкости регистрируются низкие концентрации Free Active TGF-b1, B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, секреторного IgA, кателицидина LL-37 по сравнению с контролем, но увеличены значения IGFBP-4 и ICAM-1.

Нормотония - новое слово в лапароскопической резекции почки

Background. Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy is the gold standard in the treatment of stage I malignant tumors. To date, there are a large number of techniques for performing partial nephrectomy. The desire to develop a technique that included all the positive characteristics and had no restrictions on use led to the creation of a normotonic zero ischaemia partial nephrectomy.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 45 patients was performed. 1st group included 24 (53.3 %) patients after laparoscopic normotonic zero ischaemia partial nephrectomy. 2ndgroup included 21 (46.7 %) patients who underwent laparoscopic hypotonic zero ischaemia partial nephrectomy. All patients evaluated such surgical parameters as the surgery time, the blood loss, and the duration of hospitalization. To assess pre-operative renal function, the CKD-EPI equation was used to calculate estimate glomerular filtration rate.Results. All patients were demographically comparable. Patients were also evenly distributed in terms of resection complexity according to the RENAL nephrometric scale. Acute kidney injury rate was significantly higher in the hypotension group: relative risk 5.4 (95 % confidence interval 1.59—20.55), odds ratio 11.3 (95 % confidence interval2.04—59.2);p = 0.007. In 1stgroup, the average operation time was 130min (Q1-Q3 110—140), and in 2ndgroup, 150min (Q1—Q3 115—227.5);p = 0.0159. The average volume of blood loss during laparoscopic zero ischaemia partial nephrectomy was significantly less than during hypotonic partial nephrectomy: 125 ml (Q1—Q3 50—200) and 450 ml (Q1— Q3200— 750) respectively, p <0.0001.Coclusion. In our study, laparoscopic normotonic zero ischaemia partial nephrectomy proved to be a possible alternative to existing resection techniques today. But to use this technique in clinical practice, further study and validation is required.Введение. Резекция почки минимально-инвазивным способом является «золотым стандартом» в лечении злокачественных опухолей I стадии. На сегодняшний день существует большое количество методик выполнения резекции почки. Желание разработать технику операции, которая бы включала все положительные характеристики и не имела ограничений в использовании, привело к созданию нормотонической резекции почки без ишемии.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 45 пациентов. В 1-ю группу были включены 24 (53,3 %) пациента после лапароскопической нормотонической резекции почки без ишемии, во 2-ю — 21 (46,7 %) больной, которому была выполнена лапароскопическая гипотоническая резекция почки без ишемии. У всех пациентов проведена оценка таких хирургических показателей, как продолжительность операции, объем кровопотери, длительность госпитализации. Для оценки почечной функции до операции использовали формулу расчета скорости клубочковой фильтрации CKD-EPI.Результаты. Пациенты обеих групп были сопоставимы по демографическим показателям. Также пациенты были равномерно распределены по сложности выполняемой резекции согласно нефрометрической шкале RENAL. Острое почечное повреждение существенно чаще встречалось среди пациентов, прооперированных в условиях интраоперационной гипотонии: относительный риск 5,4 (95 % доверительный интервал 1,59—20,55), отношение шансов 11,3 (95 % доверительный интервал 2,04—59,2) (р = 0,007). В 1-й группе среднее время операции составило 130мин (интерквартильный размах (ИКР) 110—140мин), во 2-й группе — 150мин (ИКР 115—227,5мин) (р = 0,0159). Средний объем кровопотери при лапароскопической нормотонической резекции почки без ишемии был значимо меньше, чем при гипотонической резекции, и составил 125мл (ИКР 50—200 мл) и 450 мл (ИКР 200— 750 мл) соответственно (р <0,0001).Заключение. В нашем исследовании лапароскопическая нормотоническая резекция почки зарекомендовала себя как возможная альтернатива имеющимся на сегодняшний день техникам резекции. Однако для использования данной методики в клинической практике требуются дальнейшее изучение и валидация

Genome analyses of the carboxydotrophic sulfate-reducers Desulfotomaculum nigrificans and Desulfotomaculum carboxydivorans and reclassification of Desulfotomaculum caboxydivorans as a later synonym of Desulfotomaculum nigrificans

Desulfotomaculum nigrificans and D. carboxydivorans are moderately thermophilic members of the polyphyletic spore-forming genus Desulfotomaculum in the family Peptococcaceae. They are phylogenetically very closely related and belong to 'subgroup a' of the Desulfotomaculum cluster 1. D. nigrificans and D. carboxydivorans have a similar growth substrate spectrum; they can grow with glucose and fructose as electron donors in the presence of sulfate. Additionally, both species are able to ferment fructose, although fermentation of glucose is only reported for D. carboxydivorans. D. nigrificans is able to grow with 20% carbon monoxide (CO) coupled to sulfate reduction, while D. carboxydivorans can grow at 100% CO with and without sulfate. Hydrogen is produced during growth with CO by D. carboxydivorans. Here we present a summary of the features of D. nigrificans and D. carboxydivorans together with the description of the complete genome sequencing and annotation of both strains. Moreover, we compared the genomes of both strains to reveal their differences. This comparison led us to propose a reclassification of D. carboxydivorans as a later heterotypic synonym of D. nigrificans.We would like to gratefully acknowledge the help of Christine Munk and Megan Lu for finishing the genome sequence (both at JGI). The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and was also supported by grants CW-TOP 700.55.343 and ALW 819.02.014 of the Netherlands Science Foundation (NWO) and grant 323009 of the European Research Council