Physical fitness, screen time and sleep habits according to obesity levels in schoolchildren: findings from the health survey of the extreme south of Chile

Obesity is a worry because it is associated with a greater burden of disease, and it has been shown to be related to the health habits and physical condition of children and adolescents. Objective: To associate physical fitness, screen time, and sleep habits with the different categories of obesity in schoolchildren from the extreme south of Chile. Methods: 583 schoolchildren were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The screen time and sleep habits were measured with the Sleep Self-Report questionnaire, while the physical fitness was assessed with the Alpha Fitness test battery. The Body Mass Index/age (BMI/age) and the Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHr) were used to define adiposity using the following categories: healthy weight/low-risk waist-to-height ratio (H/LR), healthy weight/high-risk waist-to-height ratio (H/HR), overweight/low-risk waist to height ratio (O/LR), and overweight/high-risk waist to height ratio (O/HR). Results: A considerable number of schoolchildren (23.2%) presented sleep problems, while the mean screen time was 9.3 (95% CI: 8.4; 10.1) hours/day. Schoolchildren classified as H/HR showed better physical fitness than the O/HR group but worse physical fitness than the H/LR group. Conclusions: Significant differences were evidenced in the physical fitness between the adiposity categories, which could open future lines of research concerning the characterization of the healthy weight-obese adiposity categories in children

Anxiety, low self-esteem and a low happiness index are associated with poor school performance in Chilean adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis

Objective: To analyze the relationship between anxiety, self-esteem, happiness index and primary school students’ academic performance in Chilean adolescents from the Biobío province. Methodology: 733 (46.1% girls; 12 (1.3 years)) public primary school students that completed the 2018 Health and School Performance Survey carried out in the Biobío province were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The BECK Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to measure anxiety while happiness index and self-esteem were measured using the subjective happiness scale and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, respectively. School performance was measured by grade point average (GPA) of language, math, physical education and cumulative GPA, and behavior associated with cognition in the school context was also considered. The relationship between mental health indicators and school performance was investigated using a one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: In comparison to students with low anxiety levels and high self-esteem and happiness levels, students with higher anxiety levels, lower self-esteem and happiness levels perceived themselves as having memory problems. They were also slower to solve math problems, had a shorter attention span in class and presented more difficulties in solving complex tasks, as well as being more nervous during testing. These students also got the lowest grade point average in math, language and physical education. Conclusion: High anxiety levels, low self-esteem and low happiness levels were associated with lower school performance and weaker behavior associated with cognition in Chilean adolescents. Implementing plans of emotional education and mental health could improve academic achievement

Efectos de la intensidad física practicada en un mayor consumo de ocio en hombres mayores de 60 años: Envejecimiento activo y ocio.

La mayor longevidad y esperanza de vida en España nos enfrentan a nuevos retos sociales y científicos que afrontar como nuevo perfil emergente de persona mayor, que cuida su salud física y social, así como nuevas teorías para hacer frente a esta demanda social y científica. El objetivo es analizar el impacto de la intensidad física practicada en un mayor consumo de ocio en personas mayores de 60 años para establecer programas adaptados a esta nueva demanda social. Para ello, han participado 397 participantes pertenecientes a centros deportivos municipales entre los 60 y 90 años de la provincia de Alicante. Para evaluar la actividad física se empleó el International Physical Activity IPAQ. Para la evaluación de la participación en actividades y de ocio se empleó el cuestionario CUBRECAVI. En este estudio transversal se realizaron análisis de varianza de un factor, y prueba t para muestras independientes. Los resultados muestran que son aquellas personas que practican actividad física de alta intensidad las que más consumo de ocio realizan (p.00). Además, son los hombres los que realizan un nivel de actividad mayor, pero son las mujeres, las que las realizan con una mayor frecuencia. Los datos encontrados muestran una gran necesidad social y científica para indagar en un mayor consumo de actividades de ocio y salud en dicha población emergente y representativa en España. Es necesario reportar teorías científicas que atiendan al consumo de ocio en mayores de 60 años, grandes demandantes de ofertas de ocio en una población emergente y representativa en España

Impacto do nível de atividade física e do estado civil na vulnerabilidade de saúde psicofísica em pessoas com mais de 60 anos: maior cuidado social e de saúde

Antecedentes.Actualmente se desconocen con exactitud las repercusiones de vivir solo/a en personas mayores sanas sobre el nivel de actividad física (AF) practicada, relaciones sociales, atención sociosanitaria requerida y salud subjetiva. Objetivos.El objetivo ha sido evaluar diferencias en salud, relaciones sociales y atención sociosanitaria de personas mayores activas en función de su nivel de AF y situación familiar (estado civil). Metodología.Participan 397 personas mayores de 61 años (M=69,65; DT=4,71; 64,7% mujeres y 35,3% hombres), pertenecientes a dieciocho centros deportivos, sociales y zonas exteriores deportivas de Alicante. Se utilizó el IPAQ para evaluar la AF y CUBRECAVI para los indicadores de calidad de vida. Se realizó un análisis de varianza multivariados (MANOVAs) para estudiar las diferencias entre los/as participantes según su nivel de AF y su situación familiar. La significación se estableció en p<,05. Resultados.Los resultados mostraron que la salud subjetiva (p<,001; VCramer=,291), frecuencia de relaciones sociales (p<,001, ƞ2=,028) y satisfacción con los servicios sociosanitarios (p=,009; VCramer=,147) difieren según elnivel de AF. La frecuencia y satisfacción de las relaciones sociales (p<,001,ƞ2=,252) y la utilización de los servicios sociosanitarios difieren según la situación familiar (p=,032; VCramer=,153). Conclusión.En conclusión, el estado de bastante satisfacción con su salud subjetiva y con el uso de servicios sociosanitarios esdirectamente proporcional alnivel de actividad física practicada.Las relaciones sociales de solterosson menos satisfactorias y frecuentes, utilizandomás los servicios sociosanitarios.Background. Currently, the repercussions of living alone in healthy older people on the level of physical activity (PA) practiced, social relationships, required social health care, and subjective health are unknown. Objective. The objective has been to evaluate differences in health, social relations, and socio-sanitary care of active older people according to their level of PA and family situation (marital status). Methodology. 397 older people than 61 years (M=69.65; DT=4.71; 64.7% women and 35.3% men), belonging to eighteen sports, social centers and outdoor sports areas of Alicante. The IPAQ was used to assess PA and CUBRECAVI for the quality of life indicators. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVAs) was performed to study the differences between the participants according to their levelof PA and their family situation. Significance was set at p<.05. Results. The results showed that subjective health (p<.001;VCramer=.291), frequency of social relationships (p<.001, ƞ2=.028) and satisfaction with social and health services (p=.009; VCramer=.147) differ according to the level of PA. The frequency and satisfaction of social relationships (p<.001, ƞ2=.252) and the use of social and health services differ according to thefamily situation (p=.032; VCramer=.153). Conclusions.In conclusion, the state of enough satisfaction with their subjective health and with the use of social and health services is directly proportional to the level of physical activity practiced. Singlessocial relationships are less satisfactory and frequent, using more social health servicesFundo.Atualmente, são desconhecidas as repercussões exatas de morar sozinho em idosos saudáveis sobre o nível de atividade física (AF) praticada, relações sociais, cuidados sociais e de saúde necessários e saúde subjetiva. Objetivos.O objetivo foi avaliar as diferenças de saúde, relações sociais e cuidados socio saúde de idosos ativos de acordo com seu nível de AF e situação familiar (estado civil). Metodologia.Participaram pessoas com mais de 61 anos (M=69,65; DP=4,71; 64,7% mulheres e 35,3% homens), pertencentes a dezoito centros desportivos e sociais e áreas desportivasao ar livre em Alicante. O IPAQ foi utilizado para avaliar AF e CUBRECAVI para indicadores de qualidade de vida. Uma análise de variância multivariada (MANOVAs) foi realizada para estudar as diferenças entre os participantes de acordo com seu nível de AFe sua situação familiar. A significância foi estabelecida em p<0,05. Resultados.Os resultados mostraram que a saúde subjetiva (p<0,001; VCramer=0,291), frequência de relacionamentos sociais (p<0,001, ƞ2=0,028) e satisfação com os serviços sócio-saúde (p=0,009; VCramer=0,147) diferem dependendo do nível de AF. A frequência e satisfação das relações sociais (p<0,001, ƞ2=0,252) e o uso de serviços socio saúde diferem de acordo com a situação familiar (p=0,032; VCramer=0,153). Conclusão. Em conclusão, o estado de satisfação suficiente com a sua saúde subjetiva e com a utilização dos serviços sócio sanitários é diretamente proporcional ao nível de atividade física praticada. As relações sociais dos solteiros são menos satisfatórias e frequentes, utilizando mais serviços sociais e de saúde

Diferencias en calidad de vida en personas mayores físicamente activas de 60 años según el nivel de actividad física practicada

Quality of life is a priority in the field of study of aging along with the practice of physical activity, both as positive factors in the field of old age, together with concern for the improvement of functional capacity and healthy aging. Therefore, the objective has been to explore differences in the perception of quality of life according to different levels of physical activity (high, moderate or low).For this purpose, the International Physical Activity (IPAQ) recommended by the WHO and the CUBRECAVI quality of life questionnaire have been used in a group of 397 physically active 60-90 year olds from the province of Alicante. The results indicate a higher quality of life in those who perform high intensity physical activity. On the contrary, those who perform a moderate or low activity, self-assessment of quality of life does not depend on physical activity. With this, the practice of high intensity physical activity favors a greater perception of quality of life in the elderly. These data can be taken into account as an implementation strategy in physical activity intervention programs in old age.La calidad de vida es una prioridad en el ámbito de estudio del envejecimiento junto con la práctica de actividad física, junto con el estudio de la capacidad funcional y el envejecimiento saludable.El objetivo ha sido explorar las diferencias en la percepción de calidad de vida en función de los diferentes niveles practicados de actividad física (alto, moderado o bajo). Se ha empleado el International Physical Activity (IPAQ) recomendado por la OMS, y el cuestionario de calidad de vida CUBRECAVI en un grupo de 397 personas de 60 a 90 años físicamente activas de la provincia de Alicante. Los resultados indican una mayor calidad de vida en aquellos que realizan actividad física de alta intensidad. Al contrario, los que realizan una actividad moderada o baja, la autovaloración de la calidad de vida no depende de la actividad física. Con ello, la práctica de actividad física de alta intensidad favorece una mayor percepción de calidad de vida en personas mayores. Estos datos se pueden tener en cuenta como estrategia de implementación en los programas de intervención de actividad física en la vejez

Association between the Physical Activity Behavioral Profile and Sedentary Time with Subjective Well-Being and Mental Health in Chilean University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To analyze the association between the behavioral profile of physical activity and sedentary time with subjective well-being and mental health in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a voluntary sample of 469 university students (22.4 &plusmn; 0.19 years; 66% women). According to students&rsquo; self-reports of physical activity and sedentary time, four behavioral profiles were created to investigate their association with subjective well-being and mental health using one-factor ANOVA that was adjusted to a multifactorial model. Results: The physically inactive and sedentary behavior profile presents the lowest levels of subjective well-being (p &lt; 0.001), positive affective experiences (p &lt; 0.001) and general mental health (p = 0.001). When adjusting for confounding variables, it was observed that the physically active and non-sedentary profile was associated with better general mental health (p &lt; 0.01) in contrast to those who are physically active and sedentary. Conclusions: Chilean university students with a physically inactive and sedentary profile during the pandemic presented worse well-being and mental health, with a sedentary lifestyle being one of the variables that most affects the mental health of these students. Therefore, measures should be implemented to encourage this population to maintain adequate levels of physical activity and reduce sedentary times

Low Sleep Hygiene Is Associated with Less Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Chilean Schoolchildren from Rural Public Schools—A Cross-Sectional Study

The Mediterranean diet stands as a widely acknowledged and health-promoting dietary pattern, renowned for its notable linkage to the mitigation of noncommunicable chronic maladies. Nonetheless, the existing body of evidence concerning the potential interrelation between sleep hygiene and this dietary regimen remains circumscribed. The main objective was to determine the association between sleep hygiene and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Chilean schoolchildren from rural public schools in southern Chile. A non-experimental study was carried out, with an analytical, cross-sectional design. A total of 265 students (56.6% women, mean age 13.5 ± 1.8) from a rural community in southern Chile were recruited. Sleep habits were evaluated using Section 6 of the Life Habits and Adolescence Questionnaire, Sleep and Rest, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the KIDMED Mediterranean Diet Adherence Questionnaire. The main results indicated that 52.8% of schoolchildren need to improve adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 16.6% have a low-quality Mediterranean diet. A high percentage of schoolchildren have behaviors related to poor sleep hygiene (going to bed late (46%), waking up tired and wanting to continue sleeping (63.8%), and having problems falling asleep (42.6%)). Schoolchildren who got up after 8:30 a.m., those who fell asleep after midnight, upon conducting a comparative analysis of the students based on their sleep patterns, those who woke up tired and those who had trouble falling asleep had a lower level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared to schoolchildren who got up earlier than 8:30 a.m., fell asleep before midnight, did not wake up tired, and those who did not find it difficult to fall asleep, respectively. In conclusion, having poor sleep patterns including difficulties in both awakening and falling asleep are associated with less adherence to the Mediterranean diet in schoolchildren from rural public schools in southern Chile. Monitoring these variables and promoting healthy lifestyle habits within the educational community are essential measures

Predictors of the Level of Physical Activity in Physically Active Older People

There has not been much study of risk profiles in older people according to different levels of practice in physical activity. For this reason, the aim of this research was to evaluate whether the elements that influence the quality of life and factors such as gender and education can predict the level of physical activity in the physically active elderly population. The Fernández–Ballesteros quality of life questionnaire and the WHO International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied to a sample of 397 people with a mean age of 69.65 years (SD = 4.71). The results revealed the following predictive factors of practicing a low level of physical activity (p < 0.05): being a woman; having a low educational level; and low scores in activity and leisure and in functional skills. In conclusion, gender, education, functional skills, activity and leisure, and health are elements of quality of life that predict the level of physical activity performed by the elderly, where it is necessary to use leisure activities (visiting friends, playing games, running errands) as an indirect way to increase participation in physical activity

Effects of the Practice of Movement Representation Techniques in People Undergoing Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

Objective: To analyze the effects of movement representation techniques (MRT) combined with conventional physical therapy (CFT) in people undergoing knee and hip arthroplasty compared to conventional physical therapy alone in terms of results in physical and functionality variables, cognitive function, and quality of life. Methodology: the review was carried out according to the criteria of the PRISMA statement, considering studies in the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Pubmed Central/Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect. Results: MRT plus CFT generated therapeutic effects in some aspects of the physical variables: 100% pain (7 of 7 studies); 100% strength (5 out of 5 studies); range of motion 87.5% (7 out of 8 studies); 100% speed (1 of 1 study), functional variables: 100% gait (7 of 7 studies); functional capacity 87.5% (7 out of 8 studies); cognitive variables: 100% motor visualization ability (2 out of 2 studies); cognitive performance 100% (2 of 2 studies); and quality of life 66.6% (2 of 3 studies). When comparing its effects with conventional physical therapy, the variables that reported the greatest statistically significant changes were motor visualization ability, speed, pain, strength and gait. The most used MRT was motor imagery (MI), and the average time extension of therapies was 3.5 weeks. Conclusions: movement representation techniques combined with conventional physical therapy are an innocuous and low-cost therapeutic intervention with therapeutic effects in patients with knee arthroplasty (KA) and hip arthroplasty (HA), and this combination generates greater therapeutic effects in physical, functional, and cognitive variables than conventional physical therapy alone