The ROCK inhibitor Fasudil prevents chronic restraint stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and dendritic spine loss in rat hippocampus

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus.Background: Dendritic arbor simplification and dendritic spine loss in the hippocampus, a limbic structure implicated in mood disorders, are assumed to contribute to symptoms of depression. These morphological changes imply modifications in dendritic cytoskeleton. Rho GTPases are regulators of actin dynamics through their effector Rho kinase. We have reported that chronic stress promotes depressive-like behaviors in rats along with dendritic spine loss in apical dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, changes associated with Rho kinase activation. The present study proposes that the Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil may prevent the stress-induced behavior and dendritic spine loss. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with saline or Fasudil (i.p., 10 mg/kg) starting 4 days prior to and maintained during the restraint stress procedure (2.5 h/d for 14 days). Nonstressed control animals were injected with saline or Fasudil for 18 days. At 24 hours after treatment, forced swimming test, Golgi-staining, and immuno-western blot were performed. Results: Fasudil prevented stress-induced immobility observed in the forced swimming test. On the other hand, Fasudiltreated control animals showed behavioral patterns similar to those of saline-treated controls. Furthermore, we observed that stress induced an increase in the phosphorylation of MYPT1 in the hippocampus, an exclusive target of Rho kinase. This change was accompanied by dendritic spine loss of apical dendrites of pyramidal hippocampal neurons. Interestingly, increased pMYPT1 levels and spine loss were both prevented by Fasudil administration. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Fasudil may prevent the development of abnormal behavior and spine loss induced by chronic stress by blocking Rho kinase activity.https://academic.oup.com/ijnp/article/20/4/336/263217

Hamiltonian description of singular Lagrangian systems with spontaneously broken time translation symmetry

Shapere and Wilczek recently found some singular Lagrangian systems which spontaneously breaks time translation symmetry. The common feature of their models is that the energy functions are multivalued in terms of the canonical phase space variables and the symmetry breaking ground states are all located at the brunching point singularities. By enlarging the phase space and making use of Dirac's theory on constrained Hamiltonian systems, we present the Hamiltonian description of some of the models discussed by Shapere and Wilczek and found that both the multivaluedness and the brunching point singularities can be avoided, while the spontaneous breaking oftime translation becomes more transparent. It is also shown that the breaking of time translation is always accompanied by the breaking of time reversal.Comment: 13 page

Inflammation and changes in cytokine levels in neurological feline infectious peritonitis.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a progressive, fatal, predominantly Arthus-type immune-mediated disease that is triggered when cats are infected with a mutant enteric coronavirus. The disease presents variably with multiple organ failure, seizures, generalized effusion, or shock. Neurological FIP is clinically and pathologically more homogeneous than systemic 'wet' or 'dry' FIP; thus, comparison of cytokine profiles from cats with neurological FIP, wet FIP, and non-FIP neurological disease may provide insight into some baseline characteristics relating to the immunopathogenesis of neurological FIP. This study characterizes inflammation and changes in cytokines in the brain tissue of FIP-affected cats. Cellular infiltrates in cats with FIP included lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils. IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha, macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, and RANTES showed no upregulation in the brains of control cats, moderate upregulation in neurological FIP cats, and very high upregulation in generalized FIP cats. Transcription of IFN-gamma appeared upregulated in cats with systemic FIP and slightly downregulated in neurological FIP. In most cytokines tested, variance was extremely high in generalized FIP and much less in neurological FIP. Principal components analysis was performed in order to find the least number of 'components' that would summarize the cytokine profiles in cats with neurological FIP. A large component of the variance (91.7%) was accounted for by levels of IL-6, MIP-1 alpha, and RANTES. These findings provide new insight into the immunopathogenesis of FIP and suggest targets for immune therapy of this disease

Divergencia del régimen tributario aplicable a los clubes profesionales en Colombia

Artículo de investigaciónEn el presente artículo el lector encontrará un breve estudio acerca del régimen jurídico tributario aplicable a los clubes deportivos profesionales en Colombia destacando las divergencias de disposiciones normativas a las que están sometidos los mismos, toda vez que, le es permitido estructurarse bajo la forma de una asociación civil o de una sociedad anónima, lo cual opera en perjuicio de la competencia, pues la diversa carga tributaria a la que se ven sometidos genera inequidad en las cargas operativas de los clubes competidores. Todo lo anterior se analizará críticamente a partir del mandato constitucional de fomento del deporte que se ha establecido a cargo del Estado.PregradoAbogad

On Duality in the Born-Infeld Theory

The $SL(2,R)$ duality symmetric action for the Born-Infeld theory in terms of two potentials, coupled with non-trivial backgroud fields in four dimensions is established. This construction is carried out in detail by analysing the hamiltonian structure of the Born-Infeld theory. The equivalence with the usual Born-Infeld theory is shown.Comment: revtex, 4 page

Using machine learning and information visualisation for discovering latent topics in Twitter news

We propose a method to discover latent topics and visualise large collections of tweets for easy identification and interpretation of topics, and exemplify its use with tweets from a Colombian mass media giant in the period 2014--2019. The latent topic analysis is performed in two ways: with the training of a Latent Dirichlet Allocation model, and with the combination of the FastText unsupervised model to represent tweets as vectors and the implementation of K-means clustering to group tweets into topics. Using a classification task, we found that people respond differently according to the various news topics. The classification tasks consists of the following: given a reply to a news tweet, we train a supervised algorithm to predict the topic of the news tweet solely from the reply. Furthermore, we show how the Colombian peace treaty has had a profound impact on the Colombian society, as it is the topic in which most people engage to show their opinions.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, to be presented at SmartTech-IC 201

Quantitative Stability of Linear Infinite Inequality Systems under Block Perturbations with Applications to Convex Systems

The original motivation for this paper was to provide an efficient quantitative analysis of convex infinite (or semi-infinite) inequality systems whose decision variables run over general infinite-dimensional (resp. finite-dimensional) Banach spaces and that are indexed by an arbitrary fixed set $J$. Parameter perturbations on the right-hand side of the inequalities are required to be merely bounded, and thus the natural parameter space is $l_{\infty}(J)$. Our basic strategy consists of linearizing the parameterized convex system via splitting convex inequalities into linear ones by using the Fenchel-Legendre conjugate. This approach yields that arbitrary bounded right-hand side perturbations of the convex system turn on constant-by-blocks perturbations in the linearized system. Based on advanced variational analysis, we derive a precise formula for computing the exact Lipschitzian bound of the feasible solution map of block-perturbed linear systems, which involves only the system's data, and then show that this exact bound agrees with the coderivative norm of the aforementioned mapping. In this way we extend to the convex setting the results of [3] developed for arbitrary perturbations with no block structure in the linear framework under the boundedness assumption on the system's coefficients. The latter boundedness assumption is removed in this paper when the decision space is reflexive. The last section provides the aimed application to the convex case

Structural characterization, optical properties and photocatalytic activity of MOF-5 and its hydrolysis products: implications on their excitation mechanism

The existing concerns on the limited stability of Zn4O-based MOFs upon exposure to humidity or aqueous environments, as well as on the excitation mechanisms, are discussed on the basis of Raman, FTIR, DR-UV and XRD measurements. This paper demonstrates that MOF-5 dispersed in water produces a relatively stable new phase, MOF-5W, which slowly degrades to MOF-5H, a mixture of MOF-5W and zinc terephthalate dihydrate (ZTDH). The structure and optical properties of MOF-5W and MOF-5H and their optical and photocatalytic properties reveal the main role played by the organic moiety in determining the final properties of these structures, supporting the idea of a ligand to ligand charge transfer (LLCT) excitation mechanism rather than the usually assumed ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT).Fil: Rodríguez, N. A.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Parra, Rodrigo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria; ArgentinaFil: Grela, M.A.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentin

Fortaleciendo la convivencia escolar, desde la ciencias naturales mediante los permacultivos con los estudiantes del grado segundo J.T. del colegio I.E.D. estrella del sur de la localidad 19

108 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl presente proyecto se produce a partir de observaciones de campo, consecutivamente durante los a?os 2016 y 2017 en el Colegio I.E.D. Estrella Del Sur Sede, de la Localidad 19; como reto a contribuir a una formaci?n para la vida en paz, el cual nos lleva a desarrollar una investigaci?n de car?cter cualitativo, con el m?todo de AP (acci?n-participaci?n) siendo part?cipes de forma continua mediante los instrumentos empleados a partir del planteamiento de la siguiente pregunta problema ?Qu? estrategia implementar para fortalecer la convivencia desde las ciencias naturales con los estudiantes del grado segundo J.T en la I.E.D. Estrella del Sur de la localidad 19?,para la cual se dise?? y se dio aplicaci?n de los siguientes instrumentos metodol?gicos como la observaci?n , la entrevista y los talleres pedag?gicos, introduciendo la experiencia de los permacultivos. Por lo anterior, esta propuesta se basa en te?ricos de las ciencias naturales, convivencia escolar y procesos de permacultivos, que permitieron desarrollar una estrategia que contribuye al fortalecimiento de la convivencia en los diferentes contextos social, familiar y escolar, a trav?s de talleres pedag?gicos que llevaron a disminuir situaciones relacionadas con conductas agresivas, vocabulario inadecuado, poco cuidado del entorno y de los recursos naturales; adem?s disminuir las brechas que impiden el trabajo en equipo, la participaci?n y las acciones ciudadanas desde las alternativas aprendidas en cada experiencia, para fomentar una cultura de paz en la cotidianidad de participantes. Palabras clave: permacultivos, convivencia, did?ctica de las ciencias naturales.The present project is based on an exercise of field observations in the School I.E.D. Estrella Del Sur Headquarters, of Locality 19, which were made consecutively during the years 2016 and 2017, where a problem of school coexistence was evidenced, which leads us to develop a qualitative research, with the AP method (action-participation) from the approach of the following question problem What strategy to implement to strengthen the coexistence from the natural sciences with the students of the second grade JT in the IED Star of the South of locality 19 ?, for which the following methodological instruments were designed and applied, such as observation, interview and pedagogical workshops, introducing the experience of permacultures. Therefore, this proposal is based on theories of the natural sciences, school coexistence and permaculture processes, which allowed to develop a strategy that contributes to the strengthening of coexistence in different social, family and school contexts, through pedagogical workshops that led to decrease situations related to aggressive behaviors, inadequate vocabulary, little care of the environment and natural resources; also reduce the gaps that prevent teamwork, participation and citizen actions from the alternatives learned in each experience, to promote a culture of peace in the daily lives of participants. Keywords: permacultures, coexistence, didactics of the natural sciences