Optimum community energy storage for end user applications

The UK government determined that 30% of the total electricity and 15% of the total energy should be generated from renewable sources by 2020 according to the Low Carbon Transition Plan. However, most renewable energy technologies are intermittent because they depend on weather conditions and they do not offer matching capability. Energy storage is attracting intensive attention as a technology which converts renewable energy technologies into a dispatchable product which meets variable demand loads. There is increasing interest for energy storage located very close to consumers which is able to augment the amount of local renewable generation consumed on site, provides demand side flexibility and helps to decarbonise the heating sector. This thesis optimises community energy storage (CES) for end user applications including battery, hydrogen and thermal storage performing PV energy time-shift, load shifting and the combination of them. The optimisation method obtains the economic benefits of CES by quantifying the levelised cost, levelised value and internal rate of return. The method follows a community approach and the optimum CES system was calculated as a function of the size of the community, from a single home to a 100-home community. A complimentary methodology was developed including three reference years (2012, 2020 and zero carbon year) to show the evolution of the economic benefits during the low carbon transition. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis including the key parameters which affect the performance and the economic benefits was developed. The community approach reduced the levelised cost down to 0.30 £/kWh and 0.14 £/kWh for PV energy time shift and load shifting respectively when projected to the year 2020. These values meant a cost reduction by 37% and 55% regarding a single home. A cost of the storage medium of 275 £/kWh for Li-ion batteries (equivalent to a 10% subsidy over the assumed cost, 310 £/kWh) is the break-even point for Li-ion batteries by 2020 for an electricity price equal to 16.3 p/kWh (R^2=0.6). Secondly, this thesis presents a new community hydrogen storage system integrated in a low carbon community and the experimental results when performing PV energy time-shift, load shifting and the combination of them. Long term ES was demonstrated when the community storage hydrogen system performed load shifting and the capacity factor of the electrolyser increased by 116% when PV energy time-shift was performed in addition to load shifting. This system was designed in collaboration with industrial partners and the key findings obtained during the construction and testing phases are shared

Optimum community energy storage for end user applications

The UK government determined that 30% of the total electricity and 15% of the total energy should be generated from renewable sources by 2020 according to the Low Carbon Transition Plan. However, most renewable energy technologies are intermittent because they depend on weather conditions and they do not offer matching capability. Energy storage is attracting intensive attention as a technology which converts renewable energy technologies into a dispatchable product which meets variable demand loads. There is increasing interest for energy storage located very close to consumers which is able to augment the amount of local renewable generation consumed on site, provides demand side flexibility and helps to decarbonise the heating sector. This thesis optimises community energy storage (CES) for end user applications including battery, hydrogen and thermal storage performing PV energy time-shift, load shifting and the combination of them. The optimisation method obtains the economic benefits of CES by quantifying the levelised cost, levelised value and internal rate of return. The method follows a community approach and the optimum CES system was calculated as a function of the size of the community, from a single home to a 100-home community. A complimentary methodology was developed including three reference years (2012, 2020 and zero carbon year) to show the evolution of the economic benefits during the low carbon transition. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis including the key parameters which affect the performance and the economic benefits was developed. The community approach reduced the levelised cost down to 0.30 £/kWh and 0.14 £/kWh for PV energy time shift and load shifting respectively when projected to the year 2020. These values meant a cost reduction by 37% and 55% regarding a single home. A cost of the storage medium of 275 £/kWh for Li-ion batteries (equivalent to a 10% subsidy over the assumed cost, 310 £/kWh) is the break-even point for Li-ion batteries by 2020 for an electricity price equal to 16.3 p/kWh (R^2=0.6). Secondly, this thesis presents a new community hydrogen storage system integrated in a low carbon community and the experimental results when performing PV energy time-shift, load shifting and the combination of them. Long term ES was demonstrated when the community storage hydrogen system performed load shifting and the capacity factor of the electrolyser increased by 116% when PV energy time-shift was performed in addition to load shifting. This system was designed in collaboration with industrial partners and the key findings obtained during the construction and testing phases are shared

Reporte del monitoreo ambiental en el marco de la supervisión regular de la Coordinación de Electricidad, en la empresa Energía del Sur S.A. (ENERSUR), realizado el 13 de mayo de 2014.

Presenta el reporte del monitoreo ambiental de efluentes realizado en el marco de la supervisión regular de la Coordinación de Electricidad, en la empresa Energía del Sur S.A. (ENERSUR), realizado el 13 .de mayo de 2014, en el distrito de Chilca, provincia de Cañete, departamento de Lima. Entre sus observaciones menciona que se tomaron un total de 02 muestras de efluentes, ver fotografías No 01, 02 y 03 del registro fotográfico (Anexo 3). Durante el día de toma de muestras de efluentes se observó cielo parcialmente nublado con brillo solar. Esta ficha no incluye los resultados analíticos del monitoreo ambiental. Contiene los siguientes anexos: copia de certificado de calibración de equipo, copia de cadena de custodia con sello de recepción del laboratorio, y registro fotográfico

Reporte del monitoreo ambiental en el marco de la supervisión regular de la Coordinación de Electricidad, en la Compañía Hidroeléctrica Tingo S.A., realizado el 13 de junio de 2014.

Presenta el reporte del monitoreo ambiental realizado en el marco de la supervisión regular de la Coordinación de Electricidad, en la Compañía Hidroeléctrica Tingo S.A., realizado el 13 de junio de 2014, en el distrito de Atavillos Alto y Santa Cruz de Andamarca, provincia de Huaral, departamento de Lima. Esta ficha no incluye los resultados analíticos del monitoreo ambiental. Contiene los siguientes anexos: copia de certificado de calibración de equipo, copia de cadena de custodia con sello de recepción del laboratorio y registro fotográfico

Lagrangian tools and the assessment of the predictive capacity of geophysical data sets

We examine, with recently developed Lagrangian tools, altimeter data and numerical simulations obtained from the HYCOM model in the Gulf of Mexico. Our data correspond to the months just after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the year 2010. Our Lagrangian analysis provides a skeleton that allows the interpretation of transport routes over the ocean surface. The transport routes are further verified by the simultaneous study of the evolution of several drifters launched during those months in the Gulf of Mexico. We find that there exist Lagrangian structures that justify the dynamics of the drifters, although the agreement depends on the quality of the data. We discuss the impact of the Lagrangian tools on the assessment of the predictive capacity of these data sets

Influence of gender, age, level of competition and discipline on the body image among juveniles gymnastics

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer el perfil de percepción de ima- gen corporal en 75 jóvenes gimnastas (con media edad de 14 años) de diferentes disciplinas gimnásticas en función de la edad, el género, y el nivel de práctica. Los participantes fueron evaluados transversalmente incluyendo el índice de masa de cuerpo, el cuestionario “Body Shape questionnaire” (la percepción de imagen corporal), y características de datos demográficos. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadística- mente significativas en la percepción de imagen corporal a través del género (p=0,001), el nivel de práctica (p=0,003), y la disciplina gimnásti- ca (p=0,001). Además, una relación fue encontrada entre la percepción de imagen corporal y el IMC (r=0,277; p=0,020) a través de todas las categorías de edad analizadas. Estudios longitudinales son necesarios para comprobar los resultados hallados.The aim of this study was to profile body shape perception in 75 young gymnastics (mean age 14) of different gymnastic disciplines by age, gen- der, and level of practice. Participants were assessed cross-sectionally including body mass index, body shape questionnaire (body shape per- ception), and demographics characteristics. Results show statistical sig- nificant diferencies in body shape perception across gender (p=0,001), level of practice (p=0,003), and gymnastic discipline (p=0,001). Moreo- ver, a relationship was found between body shape perception and BMI (r=0,277; p=0,020) across all age groups analyzed. Longitudinal studies are warrantied

Comunicar en inglés: diseño y ejecución de una asignatura transversal para la internacionalización de la docencia

Depto. de Periodismo y Comunicación GlobalDepto. de Periodismo y Nuevos MediosFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónFALSEsubmitte

Extracellular vesicles from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected neutrophils induce maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and activation of antigen-specific Th1 cells

Tuberculosis remains one of the leading public health problems in the world. The mechanisms that lead to the activation of the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been extensively studied, with a focus on the role of cytokines as the main signals for immune cell communication. However, less is known about the role of other signals, such as extracellular vesicles, in the communication between immune cells, particularly during the activation of the adaptive immune response. In this study, we determined that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis contained several host proteins that are ectosome markers. In addition, we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis released after only 30 min of infection carried mycobacterial antigens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and we identified 15 mycobacterial proteins that were consistently found in high concentrations in extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis; these proteins contain epitopes for CD4 T-cell activation. We found that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis increased the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80 and of the coinhibitory molecule PD-L1 on immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells. We also found that immature and mature dendritic cells treated with extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis were able to induce IFN-γ production by autologous M. tuberculosis antigen-specific CD4 T cells, indicating that these extracellular vesicles acted as antigen carriers and transferred mycobacterial proteins to the antigen-presenting cells. Our results provide evidence that extracellular vesicles released by human neutrophils infected with M. tuberculosis participate in the activation of the adaptive immune response against M. tuberculosis.This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT grant A1-S-16113 to IEG) and by Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). L.V.-F., E.S.P., M.G.-M., and D.B. were recipients of CONACYT fellowships. J.S.-L., R.C.-S., S.E.-P., and I.E.-G. are fellows of Comisión de Operación y Fomento de Actividades Académicas (COFAA)–IPN. J.S.-L., R.C.-S., S.E.-P., I.E.-G., and I.W.-B. are fellows of Estímulos al Desempeño de los Investigadores (EDI)–IPN

Clinical and Immunological Factors That Distinguish COVID-19 From Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a global health threat with the potential to cause severe disease manifestations in the lungs. Although COVID-19 has been extensively characterized clinically, the factors distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from other respiratory viruses are unknown. Here, we compared the clinical, histopathological, and immunological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and pandemic influenza A(H1N1). We observed a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms, increased tissue injury markers, and a histological pattern of alveolar pneumonia in pandemic influenza A(H1N1) patients. Conversely, dry cough, gastrointestinal symptoms and interstitial lung pathology were observed in COVID-19 cases. Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) was characterized by higher levels of IL-1RA, TNF-α, CCL3, G-CSF, APRIL, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sCD30, and sCD163. Meanwhile, COVID-19 displayed an immune profile distinguished by increased Th1 (IL-12, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) cytokine levels, along with IL-1β, IL-6, CCL11, VEGF, TWEAK, TSLP, MMP-1, and MMP-3. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 induces a dysbalanced polyfunctional inflammatory response that is different from the immune response against pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Furthermore, we demonstrated the diagnostic potential of some clinical and immune factors to differentiate both diseases. These findings might be relevant for the ongoing and future influenza seasons in the Northern Hemisphere, which are historically unique due to their convergence with the COVID-19 pandemic