Grape Growing in Ohio

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Use of a digital tone extractor for real-time phase analysis

A digital tone extractor which monitors the phase integrity of a VLBI recording system in real time was developed. The digital tone extractor monitors phase calibrator tones injected at the antenna and tracks their phase as a function of time. It is capable of maintaining 0.001 cycle phase accuracy over the course of a VLBI experiment in accordance with the accuracy requirements of centimeter VLBI work. This real time VLBI system monitor is a safeguard against most instrumental breakdowns and operator errors

Dynamic modeling of spacecraft in a collisionless plasma

A new computational model is described which can simulate the charging of complex geometrical objects in three dimensions. Two sample calculations are presented. In the first problem, the capacitance to infinity of a complex object similar to a satellite with solar array paddles is calculated. The second problem concerns the dynamical charging of a conducting cube partially covered with a thin dielectric film. In this calculation, the photoemission results in differential charging of the object

An in vivo and in vitro study of a new orthodontic bonding agent

The in vitro study utilized 90 extracted premolars. The teeth were divided into six groups. In the first three groups brackets were bonded with Concise, Transbond XT, or APC Plus and debonded 30 minutes after bonding. In the second three groups, brackets were bonded with Concise, Transbond XT, or Concise and debonded after thermocycling. The in vivo study consisted of 31 patients and a split arch technique was utilized. Adhesives used were APC Plus and Transbond XT. Bond strengths for thermocycled Concise and Transbond XT were significantly greater than the other in vitro groups. Concise debonded after 30 minutes left significantly more adhesive on the teeth than the other in vitro groups, indicating that the failure occurred at the adhesive bracket interface. There was no significant difference in the bracket survival rate between APC Plus and Transbond XT in vivo