Políticas europeas de la “hostipitalidad” en el cine de Ruben Östlund: el caso de The Square (2017)

This paper analyses The Square (2017), the last film by contemporary Swedish director Ruben Östlund, through the lens of hospitality theory. Working against the ideal of an alleged “European dream”, as per Jeremy Rifkin (2004), we will argue that Östlund’s cinema explores the contradictions between the discourses on European hospitality and their materialisation in the spaces of late capitalism. In particular, we will explore the thematic and technical landmarks of his production within the context of Swedish and European cinema, namely, his personal take on the approach to the Other and his detached, almost anthropological analysis of the ethics at stake within the public and private spaces of contemporary Western societies. The Square will be taken as an example of the impossibility of an ethics of hospitality, suggesting as a conclusion that the contemporary European reality has more in common with the Derridean idea of “hostipitality” than with an idealised European dream.El presente artículo analiza la última película del director sueco contemporáneo Ruben Östlund, The Square (2017), a través de la teoría de la hospitalidad. Frente al ideal de un supuesto “sueño europeo”, en palabras de Jeremy Rifkin (2004), argumentaremos que la trayectoria fílmica de Östlund explora, desde una sensibilidad posmoderna, las contradicciones entre los discursos sobre la hospitalidad europea y su cristalización en los espacios del capitalismo tardío. En particular, exploraremos las constantes temáticas y técnicas de su producción en el contexto del cine europeo y sueco, entre las que destaca su particular visión del acercamiento al Otro y el análisis distanciado, casi antropológico, de la ética que hay en juego en los espacios público-privados de las sociedades occidentales contemporáneas. Tomaremos la película The Square como ejemplo de la imposibilidad de una ética hospitalaria, sugiriendo como conclusión que la realidad europea contemporánea se acerca más al concepto derridiano de la “hostipitalidad” que a un idealizado sueño europeo

The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies

International audienceSignificance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important to estimate their quantitative impact on COVID-19 mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence of these autoantibodies and the risk of COVID-19 death increase with age and are higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample of 1,261 deceased patients and 34,159 individuals from the general population, we found that autoantibodies against type I IFNs strongly increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate at all ages, in both men and women. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs are strong and common predictors of life-threatening COVID-19. Testing for these autoantibodies should be considered in the general population

The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies

International audienceSignificance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important to estimate their quantitative impact on COVID-19 mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence of these autoantibodies and the risk of COVID-19 death increase with age and are higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample of 1,261 deceased patients and 34,159 individuals from the general population, we found that autoantibodies against type I IFNs strongly increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate at all ages, in both men and women. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs are strong and common predictors of life-threatening COVID-19. Testing for these autoantibodies should be considered in the general population