Artin monoids inject in their groups

We prove that the natural homomorphism from an Artin monoid to its associated Artin group is always injectiveComment: 20 pages, 3 figures, see http://math.u-bourgogne.fr/topolog/pari

A study of atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling

The properties of low energy plasma in the magnetosphere were predicted. The effects of wave particle interactions involving the concept of plasmons are studied, and quantum mechanical formulations are used for the processes occurring and bulk energization of the low energy plasma are investigated through the concept of the energy momentum tensor for the plasma and its electromagnetic environment

Description strategies for naive and expert users

It is widely recognized that a question-answering system should be able to tailor its answers to the user. One of the dimensions along which this tailoring can occur is with respect to the level of knowledge of a user about a domain. In particular, responses should be different depending on whether they are addressed to naive or expert users. To understand what those differences should be, we analyzed texts from adult and junior encyclopedias. We found that two different strategies were used in describing complex physical objects to juniors and adults. We show how these strategies have been implemented on a test database

Determining the Level of Expertise of a User of a Question Answering System

An intelligent question answering program should be able to tailor its answer to the user. Some factors entering this tailoring process include the level of expertise of the user, his goals for using the system, the discourse structure, and the user type. The decision on how sophisticated and detailed an answer should be is based, in part, on how much the user knows about the domain in question. In this paper, we are mainly concerned with determining the level of expertise of the user. We will show how a generalization based memory can be used in this process

Optimal cloning of coherent states by linear optics

We describe an optical scheme for optimal Gaussian n to m cloning of coherent states. The scheme, which generalizes a recently demonstrated scheme for 1 to 2 cloning, involves only linear optical components and homodyne detection.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, presented at the 13th Central European Workshop on Quantum Optics, May 23-27 2006, Vienna, Austria (Proceedings will be published in "Acta Physica Hungarica"); reference added, Eq. (8) correcte