105 research outputs found
ΠΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅
The article presents the analysis of dynamics of foreign trade of the Peoples Republic of China, shifts in geographical and commodity structure of export and import since 1995 until present. Their influence on change of country's position in world economy and international trade is revealed. Analyzing the statistical data, authors come to a conclusion that modernization and transparency of economy, expansion of foreign economic relations, considering direct correlation of rates of gross domestic product (GDP) and rates of development of foreign trade of the country, have led to essential strengthening of China's position in world production of manufacturing industry, in world economy, and international trade.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ ΠΠΠ , ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Ρ 1995 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅
Status of the Lake Baikal Experiment
We review the present status of the Baikal Underwater Neutrino Experiment and
report on neutrino events recorded with the detector stages NT-36 and NT-96.Comment: 5 pages, 4 PostScript figures, uses here.sty and mine.sty, submitted
to the Proc. of 5th Int. Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground
Physics (LNGS INFN, Assergi, September 7-11, 1997
ΠΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ COVID-19 Ρ 68 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°
Background. COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory syndrome with a wide range of manifestations and outcomes. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) generally have a higher risk of infection, especially if they receive immunosuppressive therapy.
Aim to describe the manifestations of COVID-19 in patients with IBD and to determine the risk factors for severe COVID-19.
Methods. The analysis included 68 patients with an established diagnosis of Crohns disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis and a confirmed new coronavirus infection. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection was established when SARS-CoV-2 was detected by PCR using nasopharyngeal smears, and computer tomography (CT) of the chest revealed inflammatory changes characteristic of coronavirus lung damage or high IgG and IgM titers based on the results of immunological blood analysis.
Results. 68 patients with IBD and COVID-19 were observed in the Department of IBD, including 27 (39.7%) patients with CD, 41 (60.3%) patients with UC. Among patients diagnosed with pneumonia, 100 % of patients received therapy with thiopurines and infliximab. 8 (11.8%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 during hospitalization for a severe IBD attack. There was no statistically significant difference between UC and CD patients in terms of disease activity (p = 0.13) during the period of coronavirus infection. In 37 patients (26 UC, 11 BC) with pneumonia (100%), there was an exacerbation of IBD. Statistical significance was found between the development of more severe lung damage (CT 34) and IBD activity at the time of diagnosis of COVID-19 (p 0.001), the presence of comorbidities (p 0.001) and taking GCS (p 0.001) at the time of detection of COVID-19. However, the use of biological and immunosuppressive therapy was not associated with a higher risk of severe lung damage and the need for a ventilator. It was shown that the age of patients over 65 years was statistically correlated with the need for a ventilator (p = 0.02).
Conclusion. The exacerbation of the disease, especially in elderly patients with comorbidities, the use of glucocorticosteroids was associated with negative consequences of COVID-19, while biological and immunosuppressant drugs used for the treatment of IBD did not have such a negative effect.ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. COVID-19 ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΠΠΠ) ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ SARS-CoV-2, Π² ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ.
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ COVID-19 Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ COVID-19.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 68 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² c ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΡΠΎΠ½Π° (ΠΠ) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° (Π―Π) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ SARS-CoV-2 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ¦Π Π½Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ’) ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° IgG ΠΈ IgM ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. 68 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ COVID-19 Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π.Π‘. ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
27 (39,7%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ, 41 (60,3%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π―Π. ΠΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π―Π ΠΈ ΠΠ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (p = 0,13) Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ 37 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (26 Ρ Π―Π, 11 Ρ ΠΠ) Ρ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (100%) ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ. Π£ 8 (11,8%) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ» Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ COVID-19 Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(ΠΠ’ 34) ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ COVID-19 (p 0,001), Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (p 0,001) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΠ‘ (p 0,001) Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ COVID-19. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 65 Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΠΠ (p = 0,02).
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ COVID-19, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Registration of atmospheric neutrinos with the Baikal neutrino telescope
We present first neutrino induced events observed with a deep underwater
neutrino telescope. Data from 70 days effective life time of the BAIKAL
prototype telescope NT-96 have been analyzed with two different methods. With
the standard track reconstruction method, 9 clear upward muon candidates have
been identified, in good agreement with 8.7 events expected from Monte Carlo
calculations for atmospheric neutrinos. The second analysis is tailored to
muons coming from close to the opposite zenith. It yields 4 events, compared to
3.5 from Monte Carlo expectations. From this we derive a 90 % upper flux limit
of 1.1 * 10^-13 cm^-2 sec^-1 for muons in excess of those expected from
atmospheric neutrinos with zenith angle > 150 degrees and energy > 10GeV.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure
The Lake Baikal neutrino experiment
We rewiew the present status of the Baikal Neutrino Project and present the
results of a search for high energy neutrinos with the detector intermediate
stage NT-96.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of Sixth
International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics
(TAUP99), September 6-10, 1999, Pais, Franc
The Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Experiment: Results, Status, Future
We review the present status of the Baikal Underwater Neutrino Experiment and
present results obtained with the various stages of the stepwise increasing
detector: NT-36 (1993-95), NT-72 (1995-96) and NT-96 (1996-97). Results cover
atmospheric muons, first clear neutrino events, search for neutrinos from WIMP
annihilation in the center of the Earth, search for magnetic monopoles, and --
far from astroparticle physics -- limnology.Comment: Talk given at the Int. School on Nuclear Physics, Erice, Sept.199
First record of Rhabdoceras suessi (Ammonoidea, Late Triassic) from the Transylvanian Triassic Series of the Eastern Carpathians (Romania) and a review of its biochronology, paleobiogeography and paleoecology
Abstract
The occurrence of the heteromorphic ammonoid Rhabdoceras suessi Hauer, 1860, is recorded for the first time in the Upper Triassic limestone of the Timon-Ciungi olistolith in the RarΔu Syncline, Eastern Carpathians. A single specimen of Rhabdoceras suessi co-occurs with Monotis (Monotis) salinaria that constrains its occurrence here to the Upper Norian (Sevatian 1). It is the only known heteromorphic ammonoid in the Upper Triassic of the Romanian Carpathians. Rhabdoceras suessi is a cosmopolitan species widely recorded in low and mid-paleolatitude faunas. It ranges from the Late Norian to the Rhaetian and is suitable for high-resolution worldwide correlations only when it co-occurs with shorter-ranging choristoceratids, monotid bivalves, or the hydrozoan Heterastridium. Formerly considered as the index fossil for the Upper Norian (Sevatian) Suessi Zone, by the latest 1970s this species lost its key biochronologic status among Late Triassic ammonoids, and it generated a controversy in the 1980s concerning the status of the Rhaetian stage. New stratigraphic data from North America and Europe in the subsequent decades resulted in a revised ammonoid biostratigraphy for the uppermost Triassic, the Rhaetian being reinstalled as the topmost stage in the current standard timescale of the Triassic. The geographic distribution of Rhabdoceras is compiled from published worldwide records, and its paleobiogeography and paleoecology are discussed
ΠΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅
The review presents the data on the prevalence of celiac disease in various world regions. The numbers of patients with celiac disease continues to rise every year. According to some authors, this is to be related not only to improvement in diagnosis, but to other extrinsic factors, as well, that require additional studies. In the 1980s the prevalence of this disease was 1.05%, and by the beginning of 2000s, it amounted to 1.99%. In particular, from 1993 to 2002 in Britain its incidence increased from 6 to 13.3 per 100,000. Both raised awareness of doctors and conduction of epidemiological studies play aΒ decisive role in the improvement of the diagnosis of celiac disease. The information cumulated up to now makes it possible to conclude that the highest diagnostic rates of celiac disease can be found in the risk groups. They include 1st and 2nd degree relatives of patients with celiac disease, patients with autoimmune disorders (typeΒ 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis); those with clinical signs of an intestinal disorder, such as chronic diarrhea, as well as patients with anemia, osteoporosis and high transaminase levels of unknown origin. According to the Finnish epidemiological study, the prevalence of celiac disease, depending on the risk group, may vary from 6.6 to 16.3%. The guidelines by the American College of Gastroenterology, British Society of Gastroenterology, North-American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, and the Russian Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Celiac Disease in Adults and Children all recommend thorough examination of patients from the risk groups. Active diagnosis of celiac disease (screening) has been recognized as one of the approaches to primary prevention to autoimmune disorders and cancer.Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΒ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΈ Π²Β ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΒ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΒ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Β 80-Ρ
Π³ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π° 1,05%, ΡΠΎ Π²Β Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ 2000-Ρ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³ 1,99%. ΠΒ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²Β ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΡΒ 1993 ΠΏΠΎ 2002Β Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° ΡΒ 6 Π΄ΠΎ 13,3 Π½Π° 100Β ΡΡΡ. Π Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²Β ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΒ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΒ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Β Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΒ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΒ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ; Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΒ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Ρ 1-Π³ΠΎΒ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ); Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΒ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Β β Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΒ Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ; Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΒ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Β Π€ΠΈΠ½Π»ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΈ Π²Β Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡ 6,6 Π΄ΠΎ 16,3%. Π’ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΒ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΈ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΈΒ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³) ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΒ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
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