Comparison of the Accuracy of the Post-processing GPS Measurement Outputs from Different Software

Import 22/07/2015Táto práca sa zoberá porovnaním presnosti výstupov post-procesingu (PP) GPS meraní z rôznych softvérov a techník spracovania. Porovnanie je spracované na základe vlastných navrhnutých a realizovaných meraní. Pri návrhu meraní sú brané do úvahy rôzne podmienky a faktory, ktoré ich ovplyvňujú. Merania sú rozdelené na statické a kinematické. Spracovanie je realizované pomocou dvoch rôznych metód. Prvou je diferenčná metóda (DGPS), ktorú podporujú všetky zo zvolených softvérov. Druhou je rozširujúca technika autonomného merania, Precise Point Positioning (PPP) a využíva ju len jeden zo zmieňovaných softvérov. Výstupom sú rozdiely súradníc z merania porovnané voči referenčným súradniciam. Vo výstupoch metódy DGPS neboli zásadné rozdiely. Technika PPP v určitých prípadoch dokáže konkurovať metóde DGPS.Thesis deals with the quality evaluation of post-processed GPS measurements from different sofwares and techniques of processing. Comparison is based on own proposed and realized GPS measurements. During the proposal of suitable measurement campaigns, various influences and effects were taken into account. Measurements are divided into static and kinematic solutions. Processing of data was realized by two different methods. The first is differential GPS method (DGPS), which was supported by all used PP softwares. The second one is technique called Precise Point Positioning (PPP) which expands standard stand-alone technique. PPP solution was available only in one of selected softwares. For the quality evaluation differences between processed coordinates and precise reference coordinates were used. There were no essential differences in the outputs of DGPS method. PPP technique in some cases can compete to DGPS method.548 - Institut geoinformatikyvýborn

An RNA-based approach to sequence the mitogenome of Hypoptopoma incognitum (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Hypoptopoma incognitum is a fish of the fifth most species-rich family of vertebrates and abundant in rivers from the Brazilian Amazon. Only two species of Loricariidae fish have their complete mitogenomes sequence deposited in the Genbank. An innovative RNA-based approach was used to assemble the complete mitogenome of H. incognitum with an average coverage depth of 5292×. The typical vertebrate mitochondrial features were found; 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and a non-coding control region. Moreover, the use of this approach allowed the measurement of mtRNA expression levels, the punctuation pattern of editing, and the detection of heteroplasmies. © 2015 Taylor & Francis

Remarkable genetic homogeneity supports a single widespread species of Hoplosternum littorale (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) in South America

Hoplosternum littorale is a widespread, non-migratory, air-breathing armored catfish (Callichthyidae, Siluriformes) present in most river drainages of tropical South America. This species has invaded aquatic habitats out of its native range. The distribution and unity of this species is supported by strong morphological evidences, but only few molecular data are available. As for February 2017, 45 partial mitochondrial gene sequences for H. littorale were deposited at the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank. The nearly complete mitochondrial genomes from two individuals of H. littorale sampled in geographically isolated populations were sequenced and compared to the intraspecific divergence encountered in a related species, Corydoras nattereri. Tamura-Nei corrected distances between the mitochondrial genomes from the two H. littorale was 0.004, equivalent to the distance found among individuals from the same population of C. nattereri (0.002) and considerably smaller than the distance between C. nattereri and C. schwartzi (0.123). An insertion of 30 nucleotides between the ATPase 6 and the COIII genes was identified in H. littorale. This insertion is homologous to the one previously noted in two species of Corydoras. This work supports H. littorale as a single and widespread species of Callichthyidae catfish. The new genetic resources for H. littorale are now available to support further studies with larger sampling sizes. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V

Western Amazon was a center of Neotropical fish dispersal, as evidenced by the continental-wide time-stratified biogeographic analysis of the hyper-diverse Hypostomus catfish

The Amazon is probably the most diverse realm on Earth, and is considered to be the primary source of diversity and a center of dispersal for Neotropical terrestrial organisms. Yet, the assumption that the Amazon basin is a primordial place of fish species origination and dispersal into other drainages still need to be tested. We addressed this issue by inferring a time-stratified biogeographic history and reconstructing the ancestral habitat preference of Hypostomus, a continentally widespread and species-rich Neotropical genus. We found that Hypostomus emerged in the Western Amazon ([~]14.7 Ma), when the Western Amazon River was flowing northwards and disconnected from the Eastern Amazon. We show that dispersal events in the first half of Hypostomus evolution occurred from the Western Amazon into adjacent basins, initiating its Neotropical radiation. The ancestral preferred habitat consisted in small rivers with running waters, a predominant habitat in river headwaters. Because of strong niche conservatism in the early evolution of Hypostomus, we suggest that most of the out-of-Western-Amazon dispersal occurred via headwater captures. The radiation of Hypostomus was further promoted by major reconfigurations of river basins, which opened dispersal opportunities into new drainages. Diversification in habitat preference coincided with colonization of basins already occupied by congenerics, indicative of niche shifts triggered by inter-specific competition and species coexistence. By analyzing the evolutionary history of Hypostomus, we show that Western Amazon was the main center of fish dispersal in the Neotropical Region from Middle Miocene to the present, supporting the cradle hypothesis of fish origination and dispersal.Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiv