Revisión conceptual de un sistema de gestión para proyectos.

Any kind of project that will be done in the labor area must possess principally a system of management. But what´s a system of management, how does it helps the project? A system management involves different parts that may help while elaborating a project. First of all, it helps maintain a chronogram of the different activities, which allows knowing more precisely how long will the different activities last. Once the company has knowledge of each activity exact time they will have an accurate idea of how long would it take them to finished the project; subsequently they will know if it´s convenient or not to invest in the project. Subsequent to establishing the time that the project would last is important to have a talk with each member of the team and tell them what they are suppose to contribute with, in order to finish up the project. However, is important that the head of the project takes control on every activity, so he can monitored the project, thus verify that everything is working properly, therefore, it will end up in time. All of this control may be applied to any type of project. Although, every project may have one or many clients. It is important that the client keeps a constant communication with the head of the project, as a result, both parts are going to be able to see how the project is developing and the client can be satisfied with the project he is getting. Also, communication is an important factor for the reason that there´s always a change that has to be done in certain time of the project otherwise it may take longer to make this change; as well as it will cost more. In other words, everything has to be done in certain time because the project continues, usually no matter what.Un proyecto que se desee realizar en el ámbito empresarial debe contar principalmente con un sistema de gestión. ¿Pero qué es un sistema de gestión y en qué ayuda para la elaboración de un proyecto? Un sistema de gestión consta de varias partes que de distinta manera ayudan en la configuración de un proyecto. En primer lugar, facilita mantener un cronograma de las actividades y estar al corriente de qué tiempo tomará cada una de ellas. Una vez definido el período de cada actividad, la empresa o la compañía se informa del tiempo total que le tomará hacer dicho proyecto y si le es conveniente invertir en el mismo o no. Esto, debido a que la empresa tiene un tiempo predeterminado para cada actividad y si la misma tarda más, seguramente ya no le conviene a la empresa firmar el contrato ya que le puede significar más dinero de lo previsto. Luego de definir el tiempo, es importante especificar el trabajo con el que cada miembro del equipo deberá aportar. Es también una gran responsabilidad del administrador tener control sobre cada actividad para que de este modo tenga un registro del proyecto y de las distintas acciones que se cumplen en el mismo, y así poder entregar la obra en el lapso establecido. Todo esto, es un control total en cualquier tipo de proyecto. Todo proyecto tiene uno o varios clientes y es muy importante que el consumidor esté en constante comunicación con el encargado para que sepa cómo se va desarrollando y él (cliente) esté satisfecho y de acuerdo con el proyecto que se le entregará. También, es importante la constante comunicación ya que a cualquier momento se puede desear realizar algún cambio, y es bueno que el mismo se lo haga en un lapso predeterminado para que no consuma mayor tiempo y dinero

Plan de negocios : Hostería Runakay Lodge.

The concept for our project was borne out of an opportunity unique to Ecuador, being the most biodiverse country per square foot in the entire world. A large number of tourists enter the country each year, and over the past several years, annual tourism volume has shown an increasing trend. It is for this reason that we have seen an opportunity in the country’s very important eco-tourism industry, one that also benefits the local economy by generating substantial development and employment. Our project is located in the province of Pichincha, in the area of Pedro Vicente Maldonado. Not only is this an area of great natural wealth of flora and fauna, but it is also an acceptable distance from the city of Quito, which is very convenient from a logistical standpoint. It is important to know the market to which we intend to enter, and for this reason we have done great amount of research within industry experts and potential customers to identify their needs. Based on this information, we define the concept of our hostal, which is environmentally friendly and in an area of great natural diversity. With this set, we set out to determine the most appropriate marketing strategy to reach our consumers, and we concluded that a very convenient way is through digital marketing and social networks. Based on our projections of costs and sales in the first year, we made a projection for four more years to determine the feasibility of our project. In conclusion, our analysis determined that it is a viable business if it is handled with high standards of quality and efficiency, and with the expectation that over time the amount of guests will increase and and thus expand our profitability.Nuestro proyecto nace debido a la gran cantidad de turistas que ingresan al país cada año y la tendencia de crecimiento que ha existido en los últimos años. Es por esta razón que hemos visto una oportunidad en esta industria muy importante en el país, que además genera mucho desarrollo y plazas de trabajo. Nuestro proyecto está ubicado en la provincia de Pichincha, en el sector de Pedro Vicente Maldonado, en un área de gran riqueza natural tanto en flora como en fauna. Además de esto, la hemos escogido porque está a una distancia aceptable de la ciudad de Quito, lo que es muy conveniente para nuestra logística. Es importante conocer el mercado al que uno se dirige por lo que realizamos una investigación con expertos en la industria, y posibles consumidores para determinar cuáles son sus necesidades. En base a esta información, definimos el concepto de nuestra hostería, el cual es ecológico y en un área de mucha diversidad natural. Con esto definido, determinamos cual sería la estrategia de mercadeo más adecuada para llegar a nuestros consumidores, y llegamos a la conclusión de que una forma muy adecuada es mediante el marketing digital y las redes sociales. En base nuestras proyecciones de costos y de ventas del primer año, realizamos una proyección para cuatro años más para determinar la viabilidad de nuestro proyecto. Como conclusión, con nuestro análisis pudimos determinar que si es un negocio viable si se lo maneja con estándares altos de calidad y eficiencia, y con la expectativa de que con el transcurso del tiempo la cantidad de aumentan beneficiando nuestra rentabilidad

Intervención del contador en el desarrollo e implementación de un software de gestión en Mendoza en la actualidad

Nuestro trabajo de investigación consiste en identificar el nivel de idoneidad del Contador Público de Mendoza en la intervención en el desarrollo e implementación de software de gestión de información, para determinar si efectivamente en los tiempos actuales (2019-2020) tiene la competencia técnica y profesional necesaria. Nuestra intención es que el presente trabajo de investigación sirva como base para los contadores públicos de Mendoza en los tiempos de modernidad y mejora continuo que se viven en la actualidad. La investigación se realizó en un marco de campo, ya que se llevó a cabo en su ambiente natural, es decir, se realizó en base a los conocimientos y experiencias de los contadores públicos y estudiantes de ciencias económicas de Mendoza. Para ello se reunió información de entrevistas, encuestas, observaciones directas y revisión de literatura. Como se puede deducir del título, nuestro trabajo de investigación tiene una amplitud micro social ya que nuestra investigación y análisis se aplica a una profesión específica (Contador Público Nacional). Se utilizó el criterio de análisis cuantitativo ya que se realizó la medición de ciertas características relacionadas con el rol del contador en el desarrollo e implementación de un software de gestión para posteriormente analizar los datos obtenidos. Lo anterior descripto favoreció la formulación de conclusiones, las cuales pretenden brindar información sobre los conocimientos y habilidades que el contador tiene desarrollados actualmente para participar en forma activa del desarrollo e implementación de un software de gestión y cuán importante es su participación.Fil: Pareja, Juan Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Dorcemaine, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Peña Altare, Martín. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Longo, Sergio Martín. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

Tremor severity in Parkinson’s disease and cortical changes of areas controlling movement sequencing: a preliminary study.

. There remains much to learn about the changes in cortical anatomy that are associated with tremor severity in Parkinson’s disease (PD). For this reason, we used a combination of structural neuroimaging to measure cortical thickness and neurophysiological studies to analyze whether PD tremor was associated with cortex integrity. Magnetic resonance imaging and neurophysiological assessment were performed in 13 nondemented PD patients (9 women, 69.2%) with a clearly tremor-dominant phenotype. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation was performed with the Freesurfer image analysis software. Assessment of tremor was performed by means of high-density surface electromyography (hdEMG) and inertial measurement units (IMUs). Individual motor unit discharge patterns were identified from surface hdEMG and tremor metrics quantifying motor unit synchronization from IMUs were defined. Increased motor unit synchronization (i.e., more severe tremor) was associated with cortical changes (i.e., atrophy) in dorsal premotor cortices, left posterior parietal cortex, left lateral orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate cortex bilaterally, left posterior and transverse temporal cortex, and left occipital lobe, as well as reduced left middle temporal volume. Given that the majority of these areas are involved in controlling movement sequencing, our results support Albert’s classic hypothesis that PD tremor may be the result of an involuntary activation of a program of motor behavior used in the genesis of rapid voluntary alternating movements.pre-print670 K

Altered functional connectivity in essential tremor

Essential tremor (ET) has been associated with a spectrum of clinical features, with both motor and nonmotor elements, including cognitive deficits. We employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess whether brain networks that might be involved in the pathogenesis of nonmotor manifestations associated with ET are altered, and the relationship between abnormal connectivity and ET severity and neuropsychological function. Resting-state fMRI data in 23 ET patients (12 women and 11 men) and 22 healthy controls (HC) (12 women and 10 men) were analyzed using independent component analysis, in combination with a ‘‘dualregression’’ technique, to identify the group differences of resting-state networks (RSNs) (default mode network [DMN] and executive, frontoparietal, sensorimotor, cerebellar, auditory/language, and visual networks). All participants underwent a neuropsychological and neuroimaging session, where resting-state data were collected. Relative to HC, ET patients showed increased connectivity in RSNs involved in cognitive processes (DMN and frontoparietal networks) and decreased connectivity in the cerebellum and visual networks. Changes in network integrity were associated not only with ET severity (DMN) and ET duration (DMN and left frontoparietal network), but also with cognitive ability.Moreover, in at least 3 networks (DMN and frontoparietal networks), increased connectivity was associated with worse performance on different cognitive domains (attention, executive function, visuospatial ability, verbal memory, visual memory, and language) and depressive symptoms. Further, in the visual network, decreased connectivity was associated with worse performance on visuospatial ability. ET was associated with abnormal brain connectivity in major RSNs that might be involved in both motor and nonmotor symptoms

Essential tremor severity and anatomical changes in brain areas controlling movement sequencing.

Objective: Although the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network has often been suggested to be of importance in the pathogenesis of essential tremor (ET), the origins of tremorgenic activity in this disease are not fully understood. We used a combination of cortical thickness imaging and neurophysiological studies to analyze whether the severity of tremor was associated with anatomical changes in the brain in ET patients. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a neurophysiological assessment were performed in 13 nondemented ET patients. High field structural brain MRI images acquired in a 3T scanner and analyses of cortical thickness and surface were carried out. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation was performed with the FreeSurfer image analysis software. We used high-density surface electromyography (hdEMG) and inertial measurement units (IMUs) to quantify the tremor severity in upper extrimities of patients. In particular, advanced computer tool was used to reliably identify discharge patterns of individual motor units from surface hdEMG and quantify motor unit synchronization. Results: We found significant association between increased motor unit synchronization (i.e., more severe tremor) and cortical changes (i.e., atrophy) in widespread cerebral cortical areas, including the left medial orbitofrontal cortex, left isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, right paracentral lobule, right lingual gyrus, as well as reduced left supramarginal gyrus (inferior parietal cortex), right isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, left thalamus, and left amygdala volumes. Interpretation: Given that most of these brain areas are involved in controlling movement sequencing, ET tremor could be the result of an involuntary activation of a program of motor behavior used in the genesis of voluntary repetitive movements.Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a neurophysiological assessment were performed in 13 nondemented ET patients. High field structural brain MRI images acquired in a 3T scanner and analyses of cortical thickness and surface were carried out. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation was performed with the FreeSurfer image analysis software. We used high‐density surface electromyography (hdEMG) and inertial measurement units (IMUs) to quantify the tremor severity in upper extrimities of patients. In particular, advanced computer tool was used to reliably identify discharge patterns of individual motor units from surface hdEMG and quantify motor unit synchronization. Results We found significant association between increased motor unit synchronization (i.e., more severe tremor) and cortical changes (i.e., atrophy) in widespread cerebral cortical areas, including the left medial orbitofrontal cortex, left isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, right paracentral lobule, right lingual gyrus, as well as reduced left supramarginal gyrus (inferior parietal cortex), right isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, left thalamus, and left amygdala volumes. Interpretation Given that most of these brain areas are involved in controlling movement sequencing, ET tremor could be the result of an involuntary activation of a program of motor behavior used in the genesis of voluntary repetitive movements.post-print432 K

Collision tumour involving a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumour with invasion of the prostate and a prostatic adenocarcinoma

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common primary mesenchymal neoplasia in the gastrointestinal tract, although they represent only a small fraction of total gastrointestinal malignancies in adults (<2%). GISTs can be located at any level of the gastrointestinal tract; the stomach is the most common location (60-70%), in contrast to the rectum, which is most rare (4%). When a GIST invades into the adjacent prostate tissue, it can simulate prostate cancer. In this study, we report on a case comprising the unexpected collision between a rectal GIST tumour and a prostatic adenocarcinoma. Findings: We describe the complexity of the clinical, endoscopic and radiological diagnosis, of the differential diagnosis based on tumour biopsy, and of the role of neoadjuvant therapy using imatinib prior to surgical treatment. Conclusions: Although isolated cases of coexisting GISTs and prostatic adenocarcinomas have reviously been described, this is the first reported case in the medical literature of a collision tumour involving a rectal GIST and prostatic adenocarcinoma components

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) secondary to epidermoid cyst in the right cerebellopontine angle successfully treated with surgery

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) syndrome is a rare headache syndrome classified among the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. It is usually idiopathic, although infrequent secondary forms have been described. Recently, the term short-lasting unilateral headache with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA) has been defined by the International Headache Society (ICHD-2) as similar to SUNCT with less prominent absent conjunctival injection and lacrimation. We report a patient with paroxysmal orbito-temporal pains, phenotypically suggesting SUNA, secondary to epidermoid cyst in the cerebellopontine angle which disappeared after tumor resection. Neuroimaging should be considered in all patients with SUNA, notably in those with atypical presentation as our patient who presented on examination trigeminal hypoesthesia and tinnitus. Realization of a brain MRI would rule out injuries that causes this type of syndrome

Neurologic outcomes of toxic oil syndrome patients 18 years after the epidemic.

Toxic oil syndrome (TOS) resulted from consumption of rapeseed oil denatured with 2% aniline and affected more than 20,000 persons. Eighteen years after the epidemic, many patients continue to report neurologic symptoms that are difficult to evaluate using conventional techniques. We conducted an epidemiologic study to determine whether an exposure to toxic oil 18 years ago was associated with current adverse neurobehavioral effects. We studied a case group of 80 adults exposed to toxic oil 18 years ago and a referent group of 79 adult age- and sex-frequency-matched unexposed subjects. We interviewed subjects for demographics, health status, exposures to neurotoxicants, and responses to the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT), Programa Integrado de Exploracion Neuropsicologica (PIEN), and Goldberg depression questionnaires and administered quantitative neurobehavioral and neurophysiologic tests by computer or trained nurses. The groups did not differ with respect to educational background or other critical variables. We examined associations between case and referent groups and the neurobehavioral and neurophysiologic outcomes of interest. Decreased distal strength of the dominant and nondominant hands and increased vibrotactile thresholds of the fingers and toes were significantly associated with exposure to toxic oil. Finger tapping, simple reaction time latency, sequence B latency, symbol digit latency, and auditory digit span were also significantly associated with exposure. Case subjects also had statistically significantly more neuropsychologic symptoms compared with referents. Using quantitative neurologic tests, we found significant adverse central and peripheral neurologic effects in a group of TOS patients 18 years after exposure to toxic oil when compared with a nonexposed referent group. These effects were not documented by standard clinical examination and were found more frequently in women

Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry (RNFC) : First-year results and comparison with other registries and prospective multi-centric studies from Spain

Fundamentos: El Registro Nacional de Fracturas de Cadera (RNFC) es un registro español multicéntrico, prospectivo y continuo, que comenzó en 2017. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar los datos del primer informe anual y compararlos con los registros autonómicos y los estudios multicéntricos realizados recientemente en España. Métodos: Se incluyeron las personas de 75 años o más atendidas con el diagnóstico de fractura de cadera por fragilidad en alguno de los hospitales participantes en el RNFC, entre enero y octubre de 2017. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la media y desviación estándar o mediana y rangos intercuartílicos para las variables numéricas y los porcentajes para las variables categóricas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo global de la casuística y se comparó con los datos disponibles de los estudios previos mencionados. Resultados: Se registraron 7.208 personas de 54 hospitales, con una edad media de 86,7 años (DE 5,6). El 75,4% fueron mujeres y el 36,4% presentaron deterioro cognitivo previo. La demora quirúrgica media fue de 75,7 horas (DE 63,6) y la estancia media fue de 10,9 días (DE 6,7). De las personas que vivían en un domicilio antes de la fractura (75,4%), menos de la mitad (37,0%) volvieron a él tras el alta hospitalaria. Al mes, había fallecido el 7,1%. La comparación con los otros estudios mostró algunas diferencias importantes, sobre todo en la ubicación previa, en el porcentaje de pacientes institucionalizados de novo (7,7-29,4%) y en el porcentaje con tratamiento antiosteoporótico al alta (14,5-36,7%). Conclusiones: El RNFC es la mayor base de datos prospectiva que aporta datos sobre el perfil de los pacientes hospitalizados por fractura de cadera en España. La comparación con otros estudios recientes muestra algunas diferencias importantes.OBJECTIVE: The Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry (Registro Nacional de Fracturas de Cadera or RNFC) is a Spanish, prospective, multi- centric registry, commenced in 2017. The goal of this paper is to present the data from the first annual report and to compare them with autonomic registries and recent prospective multi-centric studies performed in Spain. METHODS: We included persons 75 years or older treated for fragility hip fractures in any of the centers participating in the RNFC between January and October 2017. The descriptive statistics of each variable used the mean (and standard deviation) or the median (and interquartile ranges) for the ordinal variables and the percentage for the categoric variables. A descriptive analysis of the casemix was performed and compared with available data from the aforementioned studies. RESULTS: The RNFC included 7.208 patients from 54 hospitals, with a mean age of 86.7 (SD 5.6) years; 75.4% were women, and 36.4% showed cognitive decline. Mean surgical delay was 75.7 (SD 63.6) hours, and length of stay averaged 10.9 (SD 6.7) days. Of the patients who lived at home (75.4%), less than half (37.0%) returned home at discharge. One-month mortality was 7.1%. Comparison with other studies showed important differences, especially regarding patients newly sent to nursing homes (7.7-29.4%) and with antiosteoporotic treatment at discharge (14.5-36.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The RNFC is the largest prospective database to date that offers data regarding the characteristics of patients hospitalized for hip fractures in Spain. Comparison with recent studies showed some important differences