Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863 (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida): a new record for the kinorhynch fauna of Turkey

Meiobenthic samplings conducted in the framework of a meiobenthos project in the subtidal coastal waters of Sinop Bay, Southern Black Sea revealed the first report of the kinorhynch Echinoderes dujardinii for the marine fauna of Turkey.Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu

Does sediment composition sort kinorhynch communities?. An ecomorphological approach through geometric morphometrics

Ecomorphology studies the relationship between organisms’ morphology and environment features. To better understand whether the shape of the body and the appendages involved in the movement is correlated to sediment composition in meiofaunal organisms, we study the evolved morphological adaptations to environment in selected taxa of the phylum Kinorhyncha: the allomalorhagid families Dracoderidae and Pycnophyidae, and the cyclorhagid genus Echinoderes. The selected taxa include the most diverse groups of Kinorhyncha worldwide, representing the 75.5% of the total phylum diversity. Widened, plump bodies and lateral terminal spines may be adaptive for species living in coarse, more heterogeneous sediments, as they could maintain a more powerful musculature to actively displace the sediment grains applying a greater force. Conversely, slender, vermiform bodies and lateral terminal spines would represent an adaptation of species inhabiting fne, more homogeneous sediments where there would not be much need to exert a high force to displace the sediment particles, and a more vermiform shape would even favour the burrowing of the animal through the smaller interstices. The studied kinorhynch taxa would also be adapted to the higher velocity of the sea-water and the intense erosion and transportation of heterogeneous sediments by possessing more robust bodies, avoiding getting laid of substratum under these conditions. These fndings provide evolutionary evidence that body shape in the studied kinorhynch groups is adapted to environment

Comparación de anestesia combinada versus anestesia general en pacientes pediátricos intervenidos de cirugía inguinal

Estudio que valora la eficacia analgésica de una técnica anestésica para controlar el dolor en pacientes pediátricos intervenidos de cirugía inguinal (criptorquidia, hidrocelectomía y herniorrafia inguinal).Las hipótesis de trabajo fueron:- El bloqueo analgésico ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico ecoguiado mejora significativamente los valores postoperatorios de analgesia cuantificada en la escala de evaluación del dolor.- La realización del bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico ecoguiado disminuye las complicaciones postoperatorias.- La realización del bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico ecoguiado disminuye la estancia media hospitalaria.Se planteo un estudio prospectivo, observacional sobre cien pacientes de edades comprendidas entre los 2 y 8 años, aleatorizados en dos grupos de 50 cada uno. A todos los pacientes se les realizó la misma anestesia general y al grupo con bloqueo, despúes de la intubacón orotraqueal, se procedió al bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico ecoguiado con levobupivacaina al 0.25% y un volumen de 0.1 mlKg-1.Los resultados obtenidos en relación al control del dolor fueron que el grupo con bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico fue más efectivo siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todo el seguimiento. El número de rescates del grupo con bloqueo fue de cero en todo el seguimiento siendo estadísticamente significativo en la Unidad de Reanimación Postanestésica (URPA), a la primera hora y a las cuatro horas.El inicio de la diuresis, de la tolerncia alimentaria y de la deambulación fueron más precoces en el grupo con bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico encontrándose también diferencias estadísticamente significativas.La estancia media del grupo con bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico fue de 3.37 horas, y en el grupo sin bloqueo de 4.58 horas, siendo la diferencia significativa.No se encontraron diferencias entre ambos grupos en el número de complicaciones intraoperatorias ni postoperatorias.En resumen, este estudio describe que el uso del bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico ecoguiado en pacientes pediátricos sometidos a cirugía inguinal como una alternativa válida para controlar el dolor y disminuir la estancia hospitalaria.En la literatura, se describen otras técnicas analgésicas para controlar el dolor en estos pacientes, ya sean intravenosas o locorregionales.Las técnicas intravenosas, usando tramadol o morfina, para valorar la eficacia analgésica frente al bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico muestran unos resultados divergentes a los nuestros, probablemente sesgados por el uso de una técnica ciega para la realización del bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico.Las publicaciones que comparan el bloqueo caudal con el bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico concluyen que ambas técnicas son eficaces para controlar el dolor en pacientes pediátricos intervenidos de cirugía inguinal, pero se describen más complicaciones con el bloqueo caudal.En cuanto, al bloqueo del plano transverso del abdomen comparado con el bloqueo ilioinguinal-iliohipogástrico, se ha demostrado que es menos eficaz en el control del dolor.<br /

Biases and distribution patterns in hard‐bodied microscopic animals (Acari: Halacaridae): Size does not matter, but generalism and sampling effort do

AbstractAimThe interplay between distribution ranges, species traits and sampling and taxonomic biases remains elusive amongst microscopic animals. This ignorance obscures our understanding of the diversity patterns of a major component of biodiversity. Here, we used marine Halacaridae to explore whether differences between marine provinces can explain their distribution patterns or if differential sampling efforts across regions prevent any macroecological inference. Furthermore, we test if certain functional traits influence their distribution patterns.LocationEurope.ResultsWhereas geographical variables provided a better explanation for differences in species composition, sampling effort and distance from marine biological stations accounted for the majority of differences in European Halacaridae richness. Species occurring in more habitats showed broader geographical ranges and accumulated more records. Species traits like generalism affected the distribution of halacarid species.Main ConclusionsWe propose that the sampling effort of halacarid mites in Europe might be explained by two different cognitive biases: the convenience of selecting certain sampling localities compared to others and the tendency of zoologists to scrutinise habitats where their target organisms are more common.</jats:sec

IgG4-related disease: results from a multicenter Spanish registry

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare entity consisting of inflammation and fibrosis that has been described in multiple organs. Concrete diagnostic criteria have been established recently and there is a lack of large series of patients.To describe the clinical presentation, histopathological characteristics, treatment and evolution of a series of IgG4-RD Spanish patients.A retrospective multicenter study was performed. Twelve hospitals across Spain included patients meeting the current 2012 consensus criteria on IgG4-RD diagnosis.Fifty-five patients were included in the study, 38 of whom (69.1%) were male. Median age at diagnosis was 53 years. Thirty (54.5%) patients were included in the Histologically Highly Suggestive IgG4-RD group and 25 (45.5%) in the probable IgG4-RD group. Twenty-six (47.3%) patients had more than 1 organ affected at presentation. The most frequently affected organs were: retroperitoneum, orbital pseudotumor, pancreas, salivary and lachrymal glands, and maxillary sinuses.Corticosteroids were the mainstay of treatment (46 patients, 83.6%). Eighteen patients (32.7%) required additional immunosuppressive agents. Twenty-four (43.6%) patients achieved a complete response and 26 (43.7%) presented a partial response (<50% of regression) after 22 months of follow-up. No deaths were attributed directly to IgG4-RD and malignancy was infrequent.This is the largest IgG4-RD series reported in Europe. Patients were middle-aged males, with histologically probable IgG4-RD. The systemic form of the disease was frequent, involving mainly sites of the head and abdomen. Corticosteroids were an effective first line treatment, sometimes combined with immunosuppressive agents. Neither fatalities nor malignancies were attributed to IgG4-RD

Zoología. Un modelo para la enseñanza no presencial

Memoria Proyecto de innovación nº 238 curso 2020/2

Genetic diagnosis of X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets in a cohort study: Tubular reabsorption of phosphate and 1,25(OH)2D serum levels are associated with PHEX mutation type

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genetic Hypophosphatemic Rickets (HR) is a group of diseases characterized by renal phosphate wasting with inappropriately low or normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃(1,25(OH)₂D) serum levels. The most common form of HR is X-linked dominant HR (XLHR) which is caused by inactivating mutations in the <it>PHEX </it>gene. The purpose of this study was to perform genetic diagnosis in a cohort of patients with clinical diagnosis of HR, to perform genotype-phenotype correlations of those patients and to compare our data with other HR cohort studies.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Forty three affected individuals from 36 non related families were analyzed. For the genetic analysis, the <it>PHEX </it>gene was sequenced in all of the patients and in 13 cases the study was complemented by mRNA sequencing and Multiple Ligation Probe Assay. For the genotype-phenotype correlation study, the clinical and biochemical phenotype of the patients was compared with the type of mutation, which was grouped into clearly deleterious or likely causative, using the Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mutations in the <it>PHEX </it>gene were identified in all the patients thus confirming an XLHR. Thirty four different mutations were found distributed throughout the gene with higher density at the 3' end. The majority of the mutations were novel (69.4%), most of them resulted in a truncated PHEX protein (83.3%) and were family specific (88.9%). Tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) and 1,25(OH)₂D serum levels were significantly lower in patients carrying clearly deleterious mutations than in patients carrying likely causative ones (61.39 ± 19.76 vs. 80.14 ± 8.80%, p = 0.028 and 40.93 ± 30.73 vs. 78.46 ± 36.27 pg/ml, p = 0.013).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>PHEX </it>gene mutations were found in all the HR cases analyzed, which was in contrast with other cohort studies. Patients with clearly deleterious <it>PHEX </it>mutations had lower TRP and 1,25(OH)₂D levels suggesting that the <it>PHEX </it>type of mutation might predict the XLHR phenotype severity.</p

Programa piloto de uso del portafolio como herramienta docente en el Grado de Biología

Memoria final del proyecto de Innovación educativa "Programa piloto de uso del portafolio como herramienta docente en el Grado de Biología

Deep-sea Kinorhyncha diversity of the polymetallic nodule fields at the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ)

Kinorhynch specimens were studied from abyssal sediment samples collected during seven cruises at the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Eastern Central Pacific), a vast area that will be mined for polymetallic nodules in a near future. This study is the first in a series focused on kinorhynchs mainly collected at the German zone following requirements of the International Seabed Authority (ISA), who demands identification of fauna associated with nodules previous to the concession of the exploitation license. A total of 18 species were found, of which three new Echinoderidae species are described herein. Cephalorhyncha polunga sp. nov. is easily discriminated from its congeners by the presence of pointed and prominent tergal extensions together with middorsal spines on segments 4-8, ventrolateral tubes on segment 2, lateroventral tubes on segment 5, lateroventral spines on segments 6–9 and midlateral tubes on segment 10; plus subdorsal type 2 glandular cell outlets on segment 2 and midlateral ones on segment 8. Echinoderes shenlong sp. nov. is characterized by middorsal spines on segments 4, 6, 8, lateroventral tubes on segment 5 and lateroventral spines on segments 6-9; glandular cell outlets type 2 are not present. Meristoderes taro sp. nov. is defined by the combination of long middorsal spines on segments 4-8, remarkably increasing in length on posterior segments; short laterodorsal tubes on segment 10, ventrolateral tubes on segment 2 and lateroventral tubes on segment 5, plus lateroventral spines on segments 6-9