Is the leadership of the Brent-WTI threatened by China's new crude oil futures market?

The recent listing of a new crude oil futures contract on the Shanghai International Energy Exchange (INE) has reopened the debate over whether crude oil produced in different countries or locations constitutes a unified world oil market. The aim of this paper is to study the information flows among Brent, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) and the new Medium Sour Crude Oil (SC) futures contract listed on INE futures markets to assess whether the trading of this new futures contract has altered the dominant role of the most traded oil benchmarks in the world. A multiple regression model identifies the Brent futures market as the most influential market in the oil price discovery process, while WTI appears to be the most sensitive. Furthermore, we have observed that SC does not influence any market and it is only sensitive to Brent news, even though WTI is the most heavily traded futures contract. Therefore, the launch of the SC futures contract has not yet altered the dominant role of Brent over WTI

Documentación e implementación del equipo de absorción atómica para el laboratorio de aguas del departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental de la Universidad Libre

En este trabajó se encontrara toda la información sobre la documentación e implementación de procedimientos para el uso y manejo adecuado del Equipo de Absorción Atómica Perkin Elmer 300, se hallaran una serie de guías que fueron diseñadas para que a los estudiantes y docentes de la facultad se les facilite la utilización del equipo, encontraremos la historia de los primeros estudios de la absorción atómica cuales eran los equipos de la época para su estudio y como fueron evolucionando dichos equipos de observación espectral hasta llegar a los de ultima tecnología los cuales nos permiten analizar muestras de agua, aire, suelo y tierra y arrojar resultados de absorbancia y curabas de calibración con las cuales las personas que estén manipulando el equipo podrán tener los criterios necesarios para interpretar los datos obtenidos. A demás de lo anterior encontraremos los pasos para la elaboración de los patrones a analizar cuales son los estándares que el equipo acepta, las lámparas y demás accesorios para cada práctica y obtener resultados confiables.Universidad LibreFacultad de IngenieríaPrograma de Ingeniería AmbientalIn this it worked was all the information on the documentation and implementation of procedures for the use and suitable handling of the Equipment of Atomic Absorption Perkin Elmer 300, was a series of guides who were designed so that to the educational students and of the faculty the use of the equipment is facilitated to them, we will find historic of the first studies of the atomic absorption as they were the equipment of the time for his study and as these spectral observer teams were evolving until arriving at those from completes technology which allows us to analyze water samples, air, ground and earth and to throw absorbancia results and you cured of calibration with which the people that is manipulating the equipment will be able to have the criteria necessary to process the obtained data. To others of the previous thing we will find the passages for the elaboration of the patterns to analyze as they are the standards that the equipment accepts, the lamps and other accessories each practice and to obtain reliable results

“Súper-saludables”: una propuesta de programa de educación para la salud a través del juego para acabar con la obesidad infantil

IntroducciónLa obesidad infantil supone un riesgo evidente para la salud y causa diversas comorbilidades en la vida adulta. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil es alarmante, pues en 2019 afectaba a casi el 40% de la población escolar española (estudio ALADINO). Las causas principales son la alimentación inadecuada y la falta de ejercicio físico, ambas modificables y motivadas por la oferta de ultraprocesados y la digitalización del ocio.El papel de la enfermería, capaz de modificar el estilo de vida mediante la educación, es clave en la prevención de esta enfermedad. Se decide el juego como fundamento de las jornadas educativas puesto que es considerado el método ideal de aprendizaje en la etapa infantil.Objetivo Elaborar un programa de educación para la salud a través del juego orientado a la promoción de hábitos saludables en el niño sano. Metodología Para el programa de educación para la salud propuesto se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos y páginas web relacionadas con el tema abordado. Las jornadas diseñadas se ejecutarán en colegios de educación primaria y tendrán una duración de 6 horas. Conclusiones Es fundamental la educación sanitaria en edades tempranas, pues los hábitos adquiridos en la infancia determinan el estilo de vida en la edad adulta. Los enfermeros serán los encargados de promover hábitos saludables mediante el juego a los más pequeños, por medio del diseño de unas jornadas educativas. Palabras clave: "obesidad infantil", "hábitos saludables", "aprendizaje", "juego", "niños".<br /

Raman scattering by coupled plasmon-LO phonons in InN nanocolumns

Raman measurements on high quality, relaxed InN nanocolumns grown on Si(001) and Si(111) substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy are reported. A coupled LO phonon-plasmon mode around 430 cm-1, together with the uncoupled LO phonon appears in the nanocolumnar samples. The coupled mode is attributed to spontaneous accumulation of electrons at the lateral surfaces of the nanocolumns, while the uncoupled phonon originates from their inner part. Infrared reflectance measurements confirm the presence of electrons in the nanocolumns. The electron density in the accumulation layer depends on the growth temperature and is sensitive to exposure of HCl. Our results indicate that accumulation of intrinsic electrons occurs not only at the polar surfaces of InN layers, but also on non-polar lateral surfaces of InN nanocolumns. Its origin is attributed to an In-rich surface reconstruction of the nanocolumns sidewalls

Modelos deposicionales y ocupación antrópica en el NE de la Península Ibérica durante el Paleolítico Medio

En este trabajo se estudian las características geoarqueológicas y de la ocupación antrópica en los yacimientos del Estret de Tragó (Tragó de la Noguera) y de La Roca dels Bous (Sant Llorenç de Montgai), ambos del Paleolítico medio (Pleistoceno superior), situados en la comarca leridana de La Noguera. En los dos yacimientos se ha realizado un estudio litoestratigráfico y sedimentológico, que ha permitido diferenciar una serie de unidades estratigráficas y establecer sus condiciones de formación. En el primero, la sedimentación responde a las condiciones de un ambiente fluvial, mientras que en el segundo (todavía en estudio) se observan dos ambientes con una dinámica complej

Efficient inhibition of iron superoxide dismutase and of Trypanosoma cruzi growth by benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives functionalized with one or two imidazole rings

The synthesis and trypanosomatic behavior of a new series of 1,4-bis(alkylamino)benzo[g]phthalazines 1−4 containing the biologically significant imidazole ring are reported. In vitro antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes is remarkable, especially for compound 2, whereas toxicity against Vero cells is very low. Conversion of epimastigotes to metacyclic forms in the presence of the tested compounds causes significant decreases in the amastigote and trypomastigote numbers. Fe-SOD inhibition is noteworthy, whereas effect on human Cu/Zn-SOD is negligible.The authors thank the Spanish CICYT for the financial support

1,4-Bis(alkylamino)benzo[g]phthalazines able to form dinuclear complexes of Cu(II) which as free ligands behave as SOD inhibitors and show efficient in vitro activity against Trypanosoma cruzi

The synthesis of a new series of 1,4-bis(alkylamino)benzo[g]phthalazines 1–3 is reported, and their ability to form dinuclear complexes with Cu(II) assayed. The geometry of the complexes is dependent on the nature of the electron-donor sites at the sidechains. Compounds 1 and 2, that contain sp3 or sp2 nitrogens at the end of the alkylamino groups, originate monopodal dinuclear complexes which seem to include endogenous OH bridges, and the sidechains seem to actively participate in complexation. However, the substitution of nitrogen by oxygen in 3 leads to a tripodal dinuclear complex in which the sidechains are not involved. The in vitro antiparasitic activity on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and amastigotes and the SOD activity inhibition have been evaluated for compounds 1–3, and, as expected, 1 and 2 show in all cases relevant results, whereas 3 is always the less active among the three substrates tested.The authors thank the Spanish Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia for the economical support given to this work (SAF99-0066)

Widespread latitudinal asymmetry in the performance of marginal populations: A meta-analysis

Aim Range shifts are expected to occur when populations at one range margin perform better than those at the other margin, yet no global trend in population performances at range margins has been demonstrated empirically across a wide range of taxa and biomes. Here we test the prediction that, if impacts of ongoing climate change on performance in marginal populations are widespread, then populations from the high-latitude margin (HLM) should perform as well as or better than central populations, whereas low-latitude margin (LLM) populations should perform worse. Location Global. Time period 1995–2019. Major taxa studied Plants and animals. Methods To test our prediction, we used a meta-analysis to quantify empirical support for asymmetry in the performance of high- and low-latitude margin populations compared to central populations. Performance estimates (survival, reproduction, or lifetime fitness) for populations occurring in their natural environment were derived from 51 papers involving 113 margin-centre comparisons from 54 species and 705 populations from the Americas, Europe, Africa and Australia. We then related these performance differences to climatic differences among populations. We also tested whether patterns are consistent across taxonomic kingdoms (plants vs animals) and across realms (marine vs terrestrial). Results Populations at margins performed significantly worse than central populations, and this trend was primarily driven by the low-latitude margin. Although the difference was of small magnitude, it was largely consistent across biological kingdoms and realms. Differences in performance were weakly (p = .08) related to the difference in average temperatures between central and marginal populations. Main conclusions The observed asymmetry in performance in marginal populations is consistent with predictions about the effects of global climate change, though further research is needed to confirm the effect of climate. It indicates that changes in demographic rates in marginal populations can serve as early-warning signals of impending range shifts

Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Postoperative outcome after surgical treatment in a Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) occasionally spreads to the pancreas. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the short and long-term results of a multicenter series in order to determine the effect of surgical treatment on the prognosis of these patients. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Variables related to the primary tumor, demographics, clinical characteristics of metastasis, location in the pancreas, type of pancreatic resection performed and data on short and long-term evolution after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 116 patients. The mean time between nephrectomy and pancreatic metastases' resection was 87.35 months (ICR: 1.51-332.55). Distal pancreatectomy was the most performed technique employed (50 %). Postoperative morbidity was observed in 60.9 % of cases (Clavien-Dindo greater than IIIa in 14 %). The median follow-up time was 43 months (13-78). Overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 96 %, 88 %, and 83 %, respectively. The disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 73 %, 49 %, and 35 %, respectively. Significant prognostic factors of relapse were a disease free interval of less than 10 years (2.05 [1.13-3.72], p 0.02) and a history of previous extrapancreatic metastasis (2.44 [1.22-4.86], p 0.01). Conclusions: Pancreatic resection if metastatic RCC is found in the pancreas is warranted to achieve higher overall survival and disease-free survival, even if extrapancreatic metastases were previously removed. The existence of intrapancreatic multifocal compromise does not always warrant the performance of a total pancreatectomy in order to improve survival