9 research outputs found

    Quantification of inaccurate diagnosis of COPD in primary care medicine: an analysis of the COACH clinical audit

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    [Background] Inaccurate diagnosis in COPD is a current problem with relevant consequences in terms of inefficient health care, which has not been thoroughly studied in primary care medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the degree of inaccurate diagnosis in Primary Care in Spain and study the determinants associated with it.[Methods] The Community Assessment of COPD Health Care (COACH) study is a national, observational, randomized, non-interventional, national clinical audit aimed at evaluating clinical practice for patients with COPD in primary care medicine in Spain. For the present analysis, a correct diagnosis was evaluated based on previous exposure and airway obstruction with and without the presence of symptoms. The association of patient-level and center-level variables with inaccurate diagnosis was studied using multivariate multilevel binomial logistic regression models.[Results] During the study 4,307 cases from 63 centers were audited. The rate of inaccurate diagnosis was 82.4% (inter-regional range from 76.8% to 90.2%). Patient-related interventions associated with inaccurate diagnosis were related to active smoking, lung function evaluation, and specific therapeutic interventions. Center-level variables related to the availability of certain complementary tests and different aspects of the resources available were also associated with an inaccurate diagnosis.[Conclusions] The prevalence data for the inaccurate diagnosis of COPD in primary care medicine in Spain establishes a point of reference in the clinical management of COPD. The descriptors of the variables associated with this inaccurate diagnosis can be used to identify cases and centers in which inaccurate diagnosis is occurring considerably, thus allowing for improvement.Peer reviewe

    Acenocoumarol Pharmacogenetic Dosing Algorithm versus Usual Care in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism: A Randomised Clinical Trial

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    Patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) require immediate treatment with anticoagulants such as acenocoumarol. This multicentre randomised clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of a dosing pharmacogenetic algorithm versus a standard-of-care dose adjustment at the beginning of acenocoumarol treatment. We included 144 patients with VTE. On the day of recruitment, a blood sample was obtained for genotyping (CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, VKORC1, CYP4F2, APOE). Dose adjustment was performed on day 3 or 4 after the start of treatment according to the assigned group and the follow-up was at 12 weeks. The principal variable was the percentage of patients with an international normalised ratio (INR) within the therapeutic range on day 7. Thirty-four (47.2%) patients had an INR within the therapeutic range at day 7 after the start of treatment in the genotype-guided group compared with 14 (21.9%) in the control group (p = 0.0023). There were no significant differences in the time to achieve a stable INR, the number of INRs within the range in the first 6 weeks and at the end of study. Our results suggest the use of a pharmacogenetic algorithm for patients with VTE could be useful in achieving target INR control in the first days of treatment

    Integrando escalas y métodos LTER para comprender la dinåmica global de un espacio protegido de montaña: el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido

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    Los espacios protegidos, por el hecho de albergar una gran geo-biodiversidad y asegurar una baja intervenciĂłn humana, constituyen lugares muy adecuados para el seguimiento de organismos y procesos a escala ecolĂłgica, asĂ­ como para la obtenciĂłn de series temporales largas a escala geolĂłgica. En el marco de la red LTER-España, el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido (PNOMP) y el Instituto Pirenaico de EcologĂ­a-CSIC estĂĄn impulsando estudios para la detecciĂłn de cambios a distintas escalas mediante variados mĂ©todos y aproximaciones. Destacamos aquĂ­ los mĂĄs consolidados, entre los que se encuentran los anĂĄlisis de registros de sedimentos en lagos, espeleotemas en cuevas, la dinĂĄmica de uno de los pocos glaciares activos de la PenĂ­nsula ibĂ©rica, el anĂĄlisis fĂ­sico-quĂ­mico de aguas corrientes e ibones de alta montaña, el registro del cambio climĂĄtico actual en ĂĄrboles longevos, la afecciĂłn que Ă©ste ejerce sobre masas actuales de pinos en el lĂ­mite superior del bosque y de abetales en zonas hĂșmedas, la matorralizaciĂłn de algunos pastos y los procesos mecanicistas que subyacen, la reorganizaciĂłn de la diversidad florĂ­stica en pastos tras el abandono paulatino o drĂĄstico de la ganaderĂ­a, la biodiversidad de las comunidades alpinas y la dinĂĄmica poblacional de especies amenazadas o indicadoras de hĂĄbitats o de motores de cambio global. Los seguimientos ecolĂłgicos actuales muestran que tanto el cambio climĂĄtico como el de usos del suelo estĂĄn teniendo una considerable trascendencia en la fisionomĂ­a y la estructura de algunos de los ambientes mĂĄs icĂłnicos y frecuentes del parque (deterioro del glaciar, termofilizaciĂłn de la flora en cumbres alpinas, densificaciĂłn del bosque en su lĂ­mite superior, pĂ©rdida de productividad en algunos pastos supraforestales, etc.). TambiĂ©n sugieren una importante variabilidad espacial en los procesos (por ej. en el PNOMP conviven pastos matorralizados y pastos muy estables), y evidencian que los cambios observados no siempre siguen los paradigmas establecidos (por ej., las especies amenazadas mantienen dinĂĄmicas poblacionales estables). La integraciĂłn de resultados parciales proporcionados por cada aproximaciĂłn relativiza la importancia de las percepciones que cada estudio destaca por separado, y permite medir los cambios actuales en el marco de referencia de los cambios a escala geolĂłgica. Predecir la resistencia y resiliencia de los ecosistemas o las poblaciones de seres vivos para enfrentarse a los futuros cambios ambientales es complicado, no sĂłlo por la falta de conocimientos disponibles sino tambiĂ©n porque las respuestas que observamos no siempre son tan rĂĄpidas o lineales como se espera. La modelizaciĂłn constituye una herramienta cada vez mĂĄs utilizada, pero requiere de evidencias reales para validar sus pronĂłsticos, por lo que la observaciĂłn de los procesos que actĂșan en el PNOMP ha de incluir un esfuerzo continuado de monitorizaciĂłn multiescalar y multidisciplinar de los distintos componentes de la geo, hidro-, crio- y biosfera, sin olvidar el componente humano. Entender la complejidad supone conectar las interacciones que existen entre todos los sistemas y ponderar sus efectos segĂșn las escalas de trabajo.Instituto Pirenaico de EcologĂ­a, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas, EspañaEmpresa pĂșblica SARGA, EspañaJOLUBE Consultor BotĂĄnico, Editor y FotĂłgrafo, EspañaDepartament d’Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, EspañaUnidad de Tres Cantos, Instituto GeolĂłgico y Minero de España, EspañaInstitut de Recerca de Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, EspañaParque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido, Españ

    Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

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    The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

    Cadernos para a distancia. 'Cuadernos para la distancia'

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    Esta publicaciĂłn es el 2Ă” suplemento a la revista del programa radiofĂłnico de educaciĂłn a distancia del Instituto Gallego de Bachillerato a Distancia. Se trata de unidades didĂĄcticas sencillas, compuestas de contenidos y actividades, que analizan y tratan de dar soluciones a problemas concretos de nuestro contexto sociocultural, enriquecidas con las tĂ©cnicas del mensaje radiofĂłnico, con objeto de desarrollar en los oyentes valores y actitudes positivas.GaliciaBiblioteca de EducaciĂłn del Ministerio de EducaciĂłn, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San AgustĂ­n 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

    Mirando a África

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    Este proyecto pretende acercar a la comunidad educativa del centro una realidad tan prĂłxima, compleja y dramĂĄtica como la del continente africano, desde casi todas las materias. Y pretende hacerlo en coherencia con valores que identifican al centro. Los objetivos son fomentar la colaboraciĂłn y participaciĂłn de los alumnos intercambiando sus propias experiencias; potenciar una conciencia social y ecolĂłgica; formar integralmente a los alumnos para el mejor desarrollo de la sociedad; valorar la utilidad de la enseñanza activa y el aprendizaje cooperativo; diseñar actividades que permitan desarrollar una enseñanza interdisciplinar; posibilitar que los alumnos desarrollen estrategias globalizadoras de organizaciĂłn del conocimiento mediante el tratamiento de la informaciĂłn; favorecer el aprendizaje significativo; animar al profesorado a buscar estrategias que favorezcan la actividad didĂĄctica; fomentar la lectura y el uso correcto de la expresiĂłn oral y escrita, ademĂĄs de mejorar la ortografĂ­a; extender el conocimiento y la utilizaciĂłn de las nuevas tecnologĂ­as de la informaciĂłn y la comunicaciĂłn; estrechar las relaciones entre los diferentes sectores de la comunidad educativa; fomentar la participaciĂłn activa en la vida social; mejorar la convivencia en el centro; desarrollar hĂĄbitos de vida saludables; provocar en los alumnos una visiĂłn positiva del centro como lugar de ocio y de enriquecimiento cultural; desarrollar y favorecer las inquietudes culturales de los alumnos; desarrollar las actitudes positivas hacia otras culturas; extender el conocimiento de lenguas extranjeras y mantener relaciones estables de colaboraciĂłn con instituciones culturales y sociales. Las actividades desarrolladas se organizan en tres modalidades que son actividades globales que implican a toda la comunidad educativa como un concurso de lectura llamado África desde la biblioteca, el dĂ­a del Libro, viaje de fin de curso a TĂșnez, apadrinar una escuela en Marruecos, una jornada cultural antes de las vacaciones de Semana Santa, talleres a cargo de la FundaciĂłn Yehudi Menuhin y Hora 31 con ciclos de charlas y conferencias; actividades durante el horario lectivo en los distintos departamentos didĂĄcticos como proyecciones de pelĂ­culas, composiciĂłn de textos, debates y trabajos en equipo; y las actividades realizadas fuera del horario lectivo como son talleres, cineclub, coloquios, exposiciones, actividades de cooperaciĂłn y asistir a diversos espectĂĄculos. La metodologĂ­a es diversa, en relaciĂłn con la pluralidad de actividades que se llevan a cabo. Como indicadores del proceso de evaluaciĂłn se toman para las actividades del currĂ­culo, la propia evaluaciĂłn de profesores. Aunque es un indicador cuantitativo para el anĂĄlisis final y junto a otros parĂĄmetros, se trabaja tambiĂ©n la evaluaciĂłn cualitativa, para que las conclusiones tengan un carĂĄcter mĂĄs global de los resultados del proyecto. Por el contrario, las actividades que se realizan fuera del horario lectivo se miden con el grado de participaciĂłn. AdemĂĄs como herramienta de evaluaciĂłn individual se elaboran encuestas para alumnos y profesores para que reflejen sus opiniones personales sobre el proyecto. Se adjunta como anexo dos CD-ROM y cuestionarios..Madrid (Comunidad AutĂłnoma). ConsejerĂ­a de EducaciĂłn. DirecciĂłn General de Mejora de la Calidad de la EnseñanzaMadridMadrid (Comunidad AutĂłnoma). SubdirecciĂłn General de FormaciĂłn del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES

    Switching TNF antagonists in patients with chronic arthritis: An observational study of 488 patients over a four-year period

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    The objective of this work is to analyze the survival of infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab in patients who have switched among tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists for the treatment of chronic arthritis. BIOBADASER is a national registry of patients with different forms of chronic arthritis who are treated with biologics. Using this registry, we have analyzed patient switching of TNF antagonists. The cumulative discontinuation rate was calculated using the actuarial method. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves, and Cox regression models were used to assess independent factors associated with discontinuing medication. Between February 2000 and September 2004, 4,706 patients were registered in BIOBADASER, of whom 68% had rheumatoid arthritis, 11% ankylosing spondylitis, 10% psoriatic arthritis, and 11% other forms of chronic arthritis. One- and two-year drug survival rates of the TNF antagonist were 0.83 and 0.75, respectively. There were 488 patients treated with more than one TNF antagonist. In this situation, survival of the second TNF antagonist decreased to 0.68 and 0.60 at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Survival was better in patients replacing the first TNF antagonist because of adverse events (hazard ratio (HR) for discontinuation 0.55 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34-0.84)), and worse in patients older than 60 years (HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.97-2.49)) or who were treated with infliximab (HR 3.22 (95% CI 2.13-4.87)). In summary, in patients who require continuous therapy and have failed to respond to a TNF antagonist, replacement with a different TNF antagonist may be of use under certain situations. This issue will deserve continuous reassessment with the arrival of new medications. © 2006 Gomez-Reino and Loreto Carmona; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

    Characteristics and predictors of death among 4035 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Spain

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    Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

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    Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
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